定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别.ppt

,定语从句中 关系代词和关系副词使用的区别,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词 或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句， 因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词,关系 代词,关系 副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)， that(主语、宾语), whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语),where (地点状语),when (时间状语),why (原因状语),如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,一,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。 用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps different Kinds of dinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film).,_,_,Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).,_,_,when,why,Morning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud).,_,_,when,Do you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.）,_,_,where,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.,which /that,_,_,Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake.,who whom that /,_,_,My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out).,_,_,in which,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。 可以归到第一条,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where,October 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).,when,The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.,which that,The meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.,which that,定语从句中关系副词的使用,二,1.定语从句中关系副词有： when, where, why 2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；where 作地点状 语；why 作原因状语。如：,He remember the day when his father died. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time.,when 作时间状语，意为 on the day,where 作地点状语，意为in the place,why作原因状语，意为for the reason,3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 如： We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.,which在定语从句中作宾语,比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。,We believe the reason that he told us. 比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.,This is the house (which/that ) he used to live in. This is the house in which / where he used to live. I know of a place (which /that ) we can swim in. I know of a place in which / where we can swim.,关系副词 where,（1）This is the factory _ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory _ I worked last year. （3）This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose,（1）和（3）选B. which。（2）选A. where。 做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系； （1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。 （2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。 （3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。,Theyll never forget July 1 _ Hong Kong returned to its motherland. The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.,when,= on which,when,= on which,关系副词 when,试比较：,Do you still remember the day _ we spent happily together? Do you still remember the day _we spent our holiday happily together? Do you still remember the day_ we went to visit the Summer Palace?,(which/ that),when,when,（4）I will never forget the day _ we spent together. （5）I will never forget the day _we worked together. A. which B. when C. where D. what,（4）选A. which。（5）选B. when,Do you know the reason why she was late? It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.,关系副词 why,关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at/during+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which,总结,介词的位置,三,介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.,关系代词的省略（口语中）,四,介词后置时，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：,Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,五,The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.,at which,The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.,about which,The pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.,with which,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where/in which,I will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.,on which/when,during which,The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.,结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语 时，才能用关系副词代替。,找准定语从句的先行词,六,定语从句必须有先行词，否则就不是定语从句。 误：Is this farm we visited last week? 该句中定语从句就缺少先行词，将句子还原为陈述句：This farm is _ we visited last week. 显然应加上the one作先行词。 正：Is this farm the one we visited last week? 当然，这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的： Is this the farm we visited last week?,（6）Is this library _ you often read in? （7）Is this the library _ you often read in? A. the one B. in which C. where D. which,（6）选A. the one。（7）选D. which。 做这种题时，应该先把原句子变为陈述句： （6）为：This library is _ you often read in. 此句缺先行词，需要加上，因此选A. the one。 （7）为：This is the library _ you often read in. 此题关系词作read in的宾语，故选D. which。,（8）This is the reason _ he was absent. （9）This is the reason _ can explain his absence. A. which B. why C. when D. in which,（8）选B. why，相当于for which，作原因状语。 （9）选A. which，在定语从句中作主语。,介词的选用原则,七,preposition + relative pronouns,1. The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr. Ball. 2. The pen which he is writing with now was bought yesterday. 3. The gas which we can not live without is called oxygen.,The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.,The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen,The person _ you should write is Mr. Ball.,to whom,with which,without which,根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.,spend money on sth.为固定搭配,pay money for sth.为固定搭配,2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如： I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,在month前介词要用in,3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？,4. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如： This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.,正,误,The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.,正,误,5.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从 句通常由in which或that引导，而且 通常可以省略。如： The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。,6. “介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他 都很好。,In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大 城市。,Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which (=of which three) are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中 部是关于农村生活的。,Have you met the person _ he was speaking? He is the man _ you can turn for help.,The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be. This is the tree _ we used to play games.,The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday. The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.,More examples,about whom,to whom,on which,under which,with which,without which,whose,八,whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,Use a preposition and a relative pronoun, whom/which, to complete the following sentences.,The book _ I heard was written twenty years ago. The people _ the man spoke werent listening. The film _ I fell asleep was very boring. The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum. The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET. The gun _ he was shot was never found.,about which,to whom,during which,with which,in which,with which,填空： 1. Look at that lady _ name is Pochi. 2. He is a teacher _ I like very much. 3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice. 4. Those _will go to the park stay here. 5. That was all the money _I had.,whose,(whom/that/who),which/that,who,that,6. Tom is the first boy _left the room. 7. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. 8. You can read any book _I have. 9. That was the year _I went to America. 10. we came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.,that,that,that,when,where,This is the place _ I stayed for two days. The moment _ she won the gold medal was shown on TV. The factory _ he worked has been pulled down. The factory _ we are going to visit produces watches. The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one. The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.,where,when,where,(which/that),(which/that),why,that,练习题,1、All_ is useful to us is good.,A、which B、what C、that D、whether,C,2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.,A、where B、that C、which D、the one,D,3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、what C、which D、why,C,4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.,A、that B、when C、which D、where,D,5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.,A、that B、which C、what D、the one,A,6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.,A、that have B、that have been C、which has D、which has been,B,7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which,B,8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A、to whom B、about whom C、about who D、whom,B,10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.,A、that; it B、which; whom C、that; which D、which; that,C,11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who want C、what wants D、want,B,15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.,A、by that B、what C、by which D、/,D,16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.,A、what B、which C、that D、all,C,18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.,A、which B、that C、why D、what,C,19、This is the reason _ he told me.,A、that B、why C、on which D、for that,A,20、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、that C、what D、as,B,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,which,_,to,the one,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,who,_,that/which,9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.,that,_,as引导的定语从句必须掌握以下两个要点： 1. 用在the same. as和such. as结构中，as作主语或宾语。 I have the same mobile phone as you (have). (as作宾语) He is such a kind man as often helps others.(as作主语) 同时，要区分such. as与such. that.的用法，在such. that. 结构中，that引导状语从句，且在从句中不作成分。 He is such a kind man that all of us like him. (从句主、宾语不缺，故用that，不用as。) 2. as引导非限制性定语从句,通常先行词为整个句子,它引导的定语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后(此时可用which代替)。 As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China. =Taiwan is part of China, as / which is known to us all.,谢谢您的聆听！,