2019-2020年高考英语专题冲刺专题07阅读理解之任务型阅读含解析.doc

2019-2020年高考英语专题冲刺专题07阅读理解之任务型阅读含解析1.【题文】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。Put a group of strangers in a room together, and theyll probably start a conversation. “Hot today, isnt it?” one might say. “You said it,” another reply.Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we dont begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel fortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find mon interests. Once we have a mon interest, a friendship can begin.Small talk even helps people get a job. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find mon ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.Next, keep the conversation going. pliment (赞美) the other person to make him or her feel fortable, and ask questions to show interest.Third, keep eye contact. When you loop people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and build trust.Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you dont know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small take does get easier.Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!TitleSmall Talk: A Big1 _【小题1】_IntroductionWe are likely to make small talk when we【小题2】_ meet people.【小题3】_Small talk can help people form 【小题4】_ friendships.Small talk can also help people get 【小题5】_.AdviceFind some topics【小题6】_ with the other person.Keep the talk going by making pliments and 【小题7】_ questions.Keep eye contact in conversation to build【小题8】_.【小题9】_ more in order to make small talk easier.ConclusionSmall talk really 【小题10】_ a lot to us.【答案】1【小题1】Deal2【小题2】first3【小题3】Benefits/Advantages4【小题4】new5【小题5】hired/employed6【小题6】shared7【小题7】asking8【小题8】trust9【小题9】Practice/Practise10【小题10】matters/means【解析】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。1【小题1】Deal 根据句意：一次大的交易。可知此空填Deal。2【小题2】first 句意：当我们首次遇到人的时候，我们很可能有一个短暂的谈话。可知填first。3【小题3】Benefits/Advantages 根据句意可知是：好处或优势。故填Benefits/Advantages。4【小题4】new 根据常识：短暂的谈话可以帮助人们建立新的友谊。故填new。5【小题5】hired/employed 句意：短暂的谈话也能帮助人们被雇佣。故填hired/employed。6【小题6】shared 根据第五段Select something around you that you share with the other person.可知发现一些话题和另一个人分享。故填shared。7【小题7】asking 句意：通过到贺和问问题保持谈话的继续。故填asking。8【小题8】trust 句意：在谈话中眼神交流，建立信任。故填trust。9【小题9】Practice/Practise 句意：为了使小谈话更容易，要多实践。故填Practice/Practise。10【小题10】matters/means 句意：小谈话真的对我们很重要。故填matters/means。【题型】任务型阅读【难度】较易【结束】2. 【题文】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you behave. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoy life more.Some teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty(青春期) because the body goes through many changes. These changes, bined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to pare themselves with others. They may pare themselves with the people around them or with actors they see on TV or in magazines.Its not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors can affect a persons body image too.Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids ability to develop good self-esteem.Sometimes, classmates and peers may also make negative ments and laugh at the way they look. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such ments. Although these often e from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someones body image and self-esteem.Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually, all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it es in. If youre very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But its no ones business but your own what your body is likeultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you cant. If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can, do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods.When you hear negative ments ing from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your self-esteem by giving yourself three pliments(赞扬) every day. By focusing on the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself.【答案】1. 【小题1】behavior/behaviour2. 【小题2】Body/Physical3. 【小题3】parison4. 【小题4】influences/factors5. 【小题5】criticism6. 【小题6】tease7. 【小题7】Tips/Suggestions/Advice8. 【小题8】Accept9. 【小题9】possible10. 【小题10】rather【解析】本文属于说明文，对于孩子的发展来说，自尊心是非常重要的，文章提出了培养孩子的自尊心多个建议。1. 【小题1】behavior/behaviour 词性转换。根据第一段第二句Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you behave.因为自我根据良好能够影响你的行为，所以自尊非常重要。原句中是动词behave，表格里在所有格的后面要使用名词behavior。2. 【小题2】Body/Physical 原词再现。根据第二段第一句.because the body goes through many changes.在青春期我们的身体经历了很多变化同时思想也有很多变化。3. 【小题3】parison 词性转换。根据第二段第二句“.mean it can be tempting for people to pare themselves with others”这些变化让人们会把自己和别人进行对比。原文中使用动词，表格中冠词的后面要接名词parison.4. 【小题4】influences/factors 原词再现。根据第三段第二句Many other factors can affect a persons body image too.可知影响人们自我感觉的还有其他因素。5. 【小题5】criticism 词性转换。根据第四段第二句“Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids.”很多父母亲都去批评孩子。父母的批评会减少孩子形成良好的自尊的能力。原文中使用动词，表格里形容词more的后面要使用名词形式criticism。6. 【小题6】tease 同义词转换。根据第五段第一句“.laugh at the way they look”中“laugh at嘲笑”，表格中要使用单个的动词表示相同含义，所以使用同义词“tease嘲笑”。7. 【小题7】Tips/Suggestions/Advice 归纳总结。根据第六段第二句But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.可知接下来是作者提出的建议，人们需要改变我们看待自己对自己方法，这些都属于针对这个问题提出的建议。8. 【小题8】Accept 同义句转换。根据第六段第一句The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it es in.可知首先要认可自己的身体的肤色体型等，也就是要接受自己的实际情况。9. 【小题9】possible 归纳总结。根据第七段第一句Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you cant要搞清楚那些是自己能够改变的，那些是不能改变的。再根据第二句If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can, do this by making goals for yourself.可知在可能的情况下，我们要做出适当的调整。所以使用省略句if possible。10. 【小题10】rather 考查同义句转换。根据最后一句By focusing on the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself.可知我们要聚焦于积极的方面，而不是消极的方面，所以使用介词短语rather than。【题型】任务型阅读【难度】较难【结束】3. 【题文】 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。I used to be the messiest person aliveOver the years, through watching others and by trial and error, I have finally found ways to e up with plans, organize them and follow through with themMake an outline of everything you need to have and do to make your plan happenMake a list of all of the steps that need to be acplished and think about what needs to be doneDetail everything thoroughly and read over it so you can start ing up with some mental solutions of how to carry out your plansYou should ensure that if for some reason way one doesnt work, you have way two and way three to lean back onTherefore, different ways are needed at handIts just a matter of being organizedChances are that there is always more than one way of doing things, and chances are that if one of those ways doesnt work, one of the other ones willmitting yourself to finishing at least part if not all of your plan at once is also necessaryIt will show that you not only have initiative to get things rolling, but that you are interested in the results obtained with making the move to get everything doneIf you make a mitment to finish before a specific time, make sure that you carry that out, and be sure to do everything in the way you said you would, within the time-frame you set for yourselfDont try to tackle more things all at a timeAll that does is delay your progress, distract you and make you lose your interest, motivation and energyCarrying out an effective plan requires being as organized as possibleYou will only achieve this by sticking to the order of the plan and not deviating or trying to do more at a timeLast but not least, you should never abandon things mid-projectIt will only annoy everyone around you including yourselfUnfinished plans are a waste of time, energy and, in some cases, even money So, dont be afraid of organizationThe older we get, the more necessary it bees to have the skills to follow through with confidence and to be able to carry through plans in an organized and manageable wayIt pays to be organized, after allTitle: Tips on how to be【小题1】_ in your lifeTipsDetails【小题2】_【小题3】_ down your planList everything you needList the 【小题4】_ you will followTo make your plan happenPrepare three【小题5】_ ways to carry out your planTo 【小题6】 _ that you can have some other choices when one way doesnt work.【小题7】_ to finish at least part of your plan if not allDo everything【小题8】 _ your own time-frameToshow yourself you are determined to get things started and caring about the results.Do one thing at onceStick to the order of your planTo save your interest, motivation and energyFinish what you have startedToget your plan【小题9】_out thoroughly【小题10】_You shouldnt be afraid of organization because its really worthwhile【答案】 1【小题1】organized/organized2【小题2】Purposes/Aims/Goals3【小题3】Write/Put/Take4【小题4】steps5【小题5】different6【小题6】ensure7【小题7】Promise8【小题8】within9【小题9】carried10【小题10】Conclusion【解析】作者认为自己曾经是个最邋遢的人，经过多年尝试及向他人学习，最终找到让自己变得干净整洁的方法制定并执行计划。本文就介绍了让生活变得有秩序的方法。1【小题1】根据最后一段总结So, dont be afraid of organization及It pays to be organized, after all所以填organized。2【小题2】根据表格中下文所列的内容都是用动词不定式表达，表示目的。所以填Purposes/Aims/Goals。3【小题3】根据第二段第一条建议就是Make an outline of everything you need to have即要把想做的事列提纲，把它们写下来。所以填Write/Put/Take，与down搭配都有“写下，记下”的意思。注意要大写。 4【小题4】根据第二段句子Make a list of all of the steps that所以填steps。5【小题5】根据第四段Therefore, different ways are needed at hand所以答案填different。6【小题6】根据第四段开头句子You should ensure that if for some reason way one doesnt work可知，此项建议的目的是确保一种方法不起作用时，有另外的方法可选择。所以填ensure。7【小题7】根据第五段句子mitting yourself to finishing at least part可知，此项建议是要保证至少得完成一部分任务，mit指“承诺，保证”，后面不加to do，所以填promise，promise to do指“承诺干某事”，注意大写。8【小题8】根据句子within the time-frame you set for yourself可知，填within。9【小题9】根据倒数第三段Carrying out an effective plan requires being as organized as possible可知，此项建议的目的是为了让自己的计划能彻底被执行，所以填carried，用过去分词表被动。10【小题10】根据最后一段So, dont be afraid of organization可知，这是作者做出的总结，所以填Conclusion，注意大写。请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。【题型】任务型阅读【难度】一般【结束】4. 【题文】 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. Its a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesnt end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their childrens grades, test scores and IQ. And what we dont think about enough is how to help our children build their characterhow to help them develop skills like perseverance, optimism, responsibility, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our childrens school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If youre concerned only with a childs G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge es the risk of real failure. And in a petitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overing those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failurewhen we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects theyre good atwe are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and dont know how to overe them.In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.Back to School: Why Perseverance Is More Important than Good Grades?mon phenomenaParents throughout America 【小题1】_ their kids backpacks up with snacks and school supplies.Many American parents dont 【小题2】_ enough importance to their kids character building.The writers 【小题3】_Parents should pay more attention to their kids character building.Evidence and 【小题4】_ findingsParents anxiety about their kids performance may 【小题5】 them from learning some valuable skills.Parents concerned only with a kids G.P.A. have a 【小题6】 to minimize the challenges the child faces.Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are 【小题7】 and more confident than those who havent.Denying kids character-building experiences can 【小题8】 in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.The writers suggestions【小题9】_ kids to be risk-takers.Give kids room to experience 【小题10】_.【答案】1【小题1】load2【小题2】attach3【小题3】view/opinion4【小题4】research5【小题5】block/stop/keep/prevent/discourage6【小题6】tendency/trend7【小题7】happier8【小题8】result9【小题9】Encourage10【小题10】failure(s)【解析】本文叙述了家长应该关注孩子的性格的培养而不是只看重他们的分数，调查发现在童年经历过挫折的成年人比在童年没经历过挫折的人感到更幸福和自信，所以家长给我们的孩子足够的空间经历失败可能是我们可以帮助他们取得成功最好的方法之一。1【小题1】load 根据parents across the country have loaded their kids backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies可知，给孩子打包，故用load。2【小题2】attach 根据And what we dont think about enough is how to help our children build their character我们没有足够考虑的是如何帮助孩子建立他们的性格，attach importance to.重视，故用attach。3【小题3】view/opinion 根据短文的内容可知，这是作者的观点，故用opinion/view。4【小题4】research 根据There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our childrens school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills.这里提到迹象和研究发现，故用research.5【小题5】block/stop/keep/prevent/discourage 根据our anxiety about our childrens school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills.这里hold +某人+ back from doing阻止某人做某事，故用block/prevent/stop/keep/discourage。6【小题6】tendency/trend 根据If youre concerned only with a childs G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. will likely choose to有可能选择，故用tendency/trend。7【小题7】happier 根据A recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. 可推知，在童年经历过挫折的成年人比在童年没经历过挫折的人感到更幸福和自信，故用happier。8【小题8】result 根据we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.可知，这里填与lead to（导致）意思相同的词，根据后面的in，故填result，result in导致。9【小题9】Encourage 根据American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure.（美国父母需要鼓励孩子抓住机会挑战自己敢于冒险失败），故用Encourage。10【小题10】failure(s) 根据giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.（给我们的孩子足够的空间经历失败可能是我们可以帮助他们取得成功最好的方法之一），故用failure(s)。【题型】任务型阅读【难度】一般【结束】5. 【题文】 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。What is eco-fashion？Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry. It is a plex phenomenon and the mon use of the term covers two aspects of fashion ecological and ethical. Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues surrounding them；ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.What are the problems with fashion? A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems that are mon practices in the creation of our fashions from the field to the factory. Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides；sheep-farming and wool cleaning contribute to global warming；synthetics-making (人造纤维生产) brings about waste which does harm to our environment. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.Then, how to solve the problems? Other industries that design products are ahead of the fashion industry when it es to choosing sustainable materials, designing for minimum waste, choosing energy efficient manufacturing and creating products for longevity. The fashion industry has been slow to adopt these changes and part of the problem is the very nature of fashion. To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numero