2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 语法 专题十二 介词与介词短语.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 语法 专题十二 介词与介词短语考点语境词义辨析1Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(xx浙江，3)Aabout BtoCwith Dover2Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(xx浙江，10)AAs a result BIn additionCBy contrast DIn conclusion3Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(xx江苏，34)Athanks to Bregardless ofCaside from Dbut for4This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(xx湖北，30)Ain advance Bin detailCin total Din general5The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(xx陕西，12)Aon BbyCin Dat6A mon memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.(xx福建，22)Aof BonCto Dwith考点归纳1几组常见的介词短语(1)out of名词out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇(2)in名词介词in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应(3)to ones情感名词to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是2注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing不花钱，免费e across the room穿过房间feel like doing sth.想要做某事get paid by the week按周获得报酬be particular about.对苛求、挑剔with satisfaction满意地be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on ones own独自地in great quantity大量地，大批量in great demand需求量很大take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on照看，照料解题方法方法1汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。(1)Dont you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?Aacross BoverCabove Dthrough 答案A解析句意为：难道你不觉得这件衬衣肩部太紧了？across the shoulder从肩的一边到另一边。over，above指在上方；through指从事物的内部穿过。(2)Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the treelined avenue for two hours every day.Abetween BalongCbelow Dwith 答案B解析句意为：Sean已经养成了每天沿林荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。between在两者之间；along沿着；below在下方；with与在一起，用，随着。(3)Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel petition.Aamong BbetweenCalong Dbeside 答案A解析句意为：在周五世界超模大赛上，四位中国模特跻身14位获奖选手当中。among位于(两者以上)之间；between在两者之间；along沿着；beside在旁边。方法2固定短语法关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快解决。(1)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby BonCfor Dagainst 答案D解析句意为：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb.against doing sth.warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。(2)A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men.Aunder BwithCon Dby 答案D解析句意为：一位伟人的伟大之处往往通过他对待小人物的方式体现出来。by表示方式，意为“靠，用，通过”。方法3利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。(1)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_.Aby nature Bin returnCin case Dby chance答案C解析句意为：我估计我们以前讨论过此事，不过我再问你一次只是以防(免)我记错了。by nature生来，本来；in return作为报答；in case以防万一，以免；by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意可以看出，in case为最佳答案。(2)_ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home.AOwe to BAs result ofCIn case of DBecause of答案D解析根据句意可知，逗号前应为原因状语，故C项不对；A项应为owing to；B项应为as a result of。故只有D项正确。提醒：完成作业强化练(十二)强化练(十二)强化练(十二)介词与介词短语(建议用时：12分钟)1_ the previous approach to offering lowcost models to the market，Chinese car makers are focusing on displaying alternative energydriven vehicles to meet environmental concerns.(xx泰州二模，34)AWith regard to BOn account ofCIn contrast to DIn response to2He abandoned teaching _ a career as a musician.(xx南京、盐城二模，28)Ain favor of Bin terms ofCwith regard to Dwith reference to3_ his broken legs，Tom was forced to abandon the ing provincial sports meeting，which made him very depressed.(xx扬州一模，32)AIn case of BIn terms ofCOn top of DOn account of4A great deal of hotel business es from not only people travelling for holidays but people travelling _ their business activities.(xx南京、盐城一模，32)Ain harmony with Bin conflict withCby order of Dby virtue of5The campaign is _ only partially successful，so we have to keep on working hard.(xx南通、连云港二模，22)Aat last Bat latestCat least Dat best6_their cultures，Americans have taken over from the Indians many other things.(xx苏锡常镇一模，22)AOn behalf of BIn praise ofCIn possession of DOn top of7Are you going on a visit to New Zealand next Saturday?I havent decided yet.It is still _.(xx南通第二次调研，31)Ain the air Bbetween the linesCto the point Dover the moon8The record about the massacre(大屠杀) is fairly clear and beyond dispute _ those activities the Japanese soldiers were involved in.(xx苏锡常镇二模，28)Ain memory of Bwith assistance ofCwith respect to Din place of9Why have they been working on the project for so long?_ safety.Nothing is as important as that，you know.AOn the point of BAt the mercy ofCFor the sake of DIn the presence of10_ the warning message，more lives would have been lost in the flood.ABut for BExcept forCRegardless of DInstead of11He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul，_ his personal gain and loss.Ain terms of Bregardless ofCin favor of Dby means of12At the ceremony，the president delivered a thankyou speech _ the pany.Aon account of Bin charge ofCon behalf of Din terms of13On the way home last night，Sarah struggled through the wind，rain beating _ her face.Aabove BagainstCupon Dbeyond14Bob is kind，hardworking and intelligent；_，I cant speak too highly of him.Aas a result Bin a wordCby the way Don the contrary15It is known that theory is based on practice and _ serves practice.Ain need Bin returnCin turn Din place16_ the culture gap and language differences，we still can understand each other through our body languages.ARegarding BDespiteCWithout DConsidering17My phone was _ and I didnt realize it until this morning.No wonder I couldnt get through last night.Aout of date Bout of placeCout of order Dout of reach18Im waiting for the group to decide our traveling plan _ making it myself.Arather than Bother thanCapart from Dfar from19It is _ ill health that she is now not so active in the movement.Ainstead of Bin place ofCthanks to Din face of20People in the south live on rice._，they eat a great deal of fruit.AIn addition BIn agreementCIn conclusion DIn condition学生用书答案精析专题十二介词与介词短语考点1B本题考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。2C考查介词短语辨析。句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。3D考查介词短语辨析。句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。4A本题考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。5B句意为：那个小学生搀着奶奶的胳膊，送她过了街道。“动词sb.介词the人体部位”是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb.on the head，hit sb.in the face等。6A考查介词的用法。句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of这一搭配，意为“对的记忆”。二轮专题强化练答案精析强化练(十二)介词与介词短语1C考查介词短语辨析。句意为：为了消除人们对环境的担忧，与以前为市场提供低成本型号的方法形成对比，现在的中国汽车制造者正集中注意力展示可替代能源驱动车辆。with regard to关于；on account of由于；in response to对作出回应；in contrast to与对比，此处就是指前后两种方法的对比，故选C项。2A句意为：为了把音乐作为自己的职业，他放弃了教学。in terms of就而言；with regard to关于。with reference to关于；in favor of赞同，支持，符合题意，故选A项。3D考查介词短语辨析。句意为：由于腿受伤，汤姆被迫放弃即将到来的省运动会，这使得他非常沮丧。in case of如果，假使；in terms of就而言；on top of除之外；on account of由于，符合题意，故选D项。4D考查介词短语辨析。句意为：很多旅馆生意不仅是来自度假旅游的人，也有因为商业活动来旅游的人。in harmony with与一致；in conflict with和冲突；by order of按照的命令。by virtue of由于，因为，符合语境，故选D项。5D句意为：这场战役充其量仅仅取得阶段性成功，因此我们必须继续努力。at last最后；at latest最近；at least至少；at best充其量，最多。根据题干中的only partially可判断选D。6D考查介词短语辨析。句意为：除了他们的文化，美国人还从印第安人那里夺取了很多其他的东西。on behalf of代表；in praise of表扬，赞扬；in possession of拥有，占有。on top of除了还有，此处相当于besides，符合题意，故选D项。7A考查介词短语辨析。句意为：下个周六你要去新西兰参观吗？我还没决定呢。这还悬而未决。between the lines字里行间，言外之意；to the point中肯，切题；over the moon欣喜若狂。in the air悬而未决，符合题意。故选A项。8C考查介词短语辨析。句意为：至于日本士兵参与的那些活动，大屠杀的记录是相当清楚和不容置疑的。in memory of为了纪念；with assistance of在的协助下；in place of代替。with respect to至于，谈到，符合语境，故选C项。9C考查介词短语辨析。句意为：他们为什么在这项工程上花这么长时间啊？为了安全起见。你知道，没什么和安全一样重要的了。for the sake of.为了起见，符合题意。on the point of正要的时候；at the mercy of任摆布；in the presence of在面前，都不符合题意。10A考查介词短语。句意为：要不是警告信息，洪灾中将会失去更多的生命。but for要不是；except for除了以外(从整体中去除一部分)；regardless of不管；instead of而不是。故选A。11B考查介词短语。句意为：他不顾个人得失，全心全意为人民服务，给我们树立了良好的榜样。in terms of就而言；regardless of不管，不顾；in favor of赞同；by means of通过的方法。故选B。12C考查介词短语辨析。句意为：在开幕式上，董事长代表公司作了演讲，表达感激之情。on account of因为，由于，基于；in charge of负责，掌管；on behalf of代表；in terms of就而言。故选C。13B句意为：昨晚回家路上，Sarah在风中挣扎着前进，雨水拍打在她的脸上。above在之上；against衬托，靠着，反对，逆着，碰，撞；upon相当于on；beyond指“超出，在能力范围以外”。根据句意可判断B项正确。14B考查介词短语。句意为：Bob是个善良的、工作努力且勤奋的人，总之，我怎么夸奖他都不过分。as a result结果；in a word总之；by the way顺便问一下；on the contrary正相反。由句意可知选B项。15C考查介词短语。句意为：众所周知，理论是以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。in need处于困难中；in return作为回报；in turn反过来；in place在适当的位置。由句意可知选C项。16B考查介词。句意为：尽管有文化上的隔阂和语言的差异，但是我们通过身势语仍然能彼此理解。根据前后句意可知此处有“尽管但是”的意思，故答案B合适。regarding关于，就而论；despite尽管；without没有，缺乏；considering考虑到，就而论。17C考查介词短语。第一句句意为：我的手机坏了，直到今天早晨我才意识到。out of date过时；out of place不合适；out of order坏了；out of reach够不着。由句意知选C。18A考查介词短语。句意为：我正在等着那伙人决定我们的旅行计划而不是我自己制定。rather than而不是；other than除了；apart from除了；far from远非。由句意知选A。19C考查介词短语。句意为：正是由于不健康，她现在不能积极参与活动。thanks to由于，多亏，符合句意。20A考查介词短语。句意为：南方人以大米为生。此外，他们还吃大量的水果。in addition此外，符合句意。in agreement赞同；in conclusion总之；in condition健康，状况良好。