2019-2020年中考英语二轮专题复习材料--语法专题一 名词.doc

2019-2020年中考英语二轮专题复习材料-语法专题一 名词第一部分：词法中考专题一 名词 中考中名词考点主要集中在：名词的可数与不可数；名词所有格；名词作定语；名词词语意义辨析等。一、 名词的分类 名词类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意义上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，著作 ，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯， room空间-a room一个房间4. German Germans, human humans(man在词中不是后缀)二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/z/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法: (1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, （4）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg： fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；fish鱼fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙滩； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜； paper纸a paper试卷、论文；wood木头a wood小森林；room空间、余地a room房间三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。1. s 所有格。1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.” This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.” These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” Teachers Day Childrens Day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 s 代表全称。 at the doctors at the Bobs 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。 This is _(somebody else ) pencil .6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital 2.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语时的主谓一致1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there .2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。 A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk .3).名词+介词（with,together with, as well as,like,but,except.）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。 The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill .4).短语“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。 Neither he nor I _ (be) a Frenchman .5).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式.The news is surprising.Maths is an important subject.6). 单数形式复数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式.The police have caught the thief.The people there are very kind.7).一些集体名词如family,class,team等作主语时,若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数形式, 若强调个体, 谓语动词用复数形式.His family is not a large one.他家不是个大家庭。Her family are watching TV.他全家人在看电视。The team is playing very well.这个队打得很出色。The team are all famous players in our country.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。8).由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式. 若表示个体概念, 谓语动词用复数形式.My old friend and classmate has just e back from abroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来.The singer and dancer is to attend our English evening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.9).“The number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。“A number of +复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。2.名词作定语：1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 There is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) The sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。 one man teacher two women teachers 举一反三，学的更轻松！1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( )2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( )3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( )4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear2.( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( )2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3.( )1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( )2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( )4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( )7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes4. ( )1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( )2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 3. A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American5. ( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6. ( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3 I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works7. ( ) 1 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park( ) 2 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples8. ( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV_. A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( )3 There is a_ of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece C. box D. pair9. ( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers10. ( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 2 We came to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( )5 Ive forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number11.( )1. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( )2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms12. ( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys( )3 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors( )4 Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister13. ( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years( ) 2 Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes( )3 The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds14. ( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house15. ( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of _.A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him( ) 3 The post card is sent by _.A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends参考答案：1. 1-7 C C B B B B C 2. 1-4 C B C A 3. 1-7 B C D A D D A 4. 1-4 B A A C 5. 1-3 D A A 6. 1-3 A A D 7. 1-3 A D C 8. 1-3 D B B 9. 1-3 B D B 10. 1-5 B A C D A 11. 1-3 B D A 12. 1-4 D C C B 13. 1-4 B B C C 14. 1-3 B B A 15. 1-3 A B B练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！（ ）1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories（ ）2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges（ ）3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk（ ）4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person （ ）5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples（ ）6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers（ ）7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has bee her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room（ ）8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters（ ）9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts （ ）10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience（ ）11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters（ ）12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen （ ）13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be（ ）14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees（ ）15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions（ ）16Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life（ ）17. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother（ ）18. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class（ ）19. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers（ ）20. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half（ ）21. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees（ ）22. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks（ ）23. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs（ ）24. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks（ ）25. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors（ ）26.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of（ ）27. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal（ ）28. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground（ ）29. _ es from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk（ ）30. If you dont take more _, youll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise（ ）31. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes（ ）32. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news（ ）33. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road D. address（ ）34. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family（ ）35. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were