2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练5.doc

2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练51.surprise n惊奇，惊奇的事I have got a big surprise for you.我给你带来了一个大的惊喜。v使吃惊What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊讶的是她有如此甜美的嗓音。to ones surprise 令人吃惊的是To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.令我惊讶的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务。注意：surprising 表示令人惊讶；主语通常是使人惊讶的事；surprised 表示主语本身产生的情绪，主语是人。What youve told me is surprising.你给我讲的情况真令人吃惊。The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊讶。Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm wele.A surprise Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised2.disaster n灾难，不幸，祸患Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters.火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经历的最严重的自然灾害之一。考点提示：disasteraffected area受灾地区a traffic disaster 交通惨祸a disaster to sb 某人的灾难escape disaster 逃避灾难die in the disaster 死于灾祸The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended_.Awith disaster Bin disaster Cwith destroy Din fail3.promote vt.(1)促进，增进Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康。The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。(2)使(某人)升级，擢升(某人)至(to)The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.这个男孩升到四年级。The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。(3)(在宣传上)促销，推销(商品)Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？如何来推销这种产品你有什么办法吗？考点提示：promote.as把推广为promote sb to the post of 升某人担当职位promote sb to. 晋升某人为注意：promote sb to之后表职位的名词不加冠词。完成句子：(1)我们的老师已被提升为校长了。Our teacher has _ _ _ headmaster.(2)这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。The pany are _ _ _ _ on television.(3)他晋升为新工厂的经理。He _ _ _ of the new workshop.4.expect v盼望；认为；预料The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.租金比我们预计要付的多得多。He didnt expect to see me.他没有料到会碰见我。考点提示：expect代词/名词/that从句盼望；预料expect to do sth 盼望做某事expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事than expected 比预料中的I expect so. 我想是这样的。I expect notI dont expect so. 我认为不是这样。I dont expect that. 我认为不(否定前移)Ive worked with children before，so I know what_in my new job.Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting Dexpects5mit vt.(1)犯(罪、错等)They mitted many horrible crimes against the people.他们对人民犯下许多可怕的罪行。If we dont understand this，we shall mit mistakes.我们如果不理解这一点，就会犯错误。mit suicide自杀mit crimes 犯罪mit mistakes 犯错误(2)交托；交付；移交(为保管或处理)The boy was mitted to the care of his uncle.这个男孩被委托给他的叔叔照管。He mitted himself to the cause of education.他投身于教育事业。(3)承诺；受誓约的约束He refused to mit himself to any sort of promise.他拒不作出任何承诺。翻译句子：(1)The hero in the novel mitted suicide at the end of the book._(2)I mitted the matter to the care of a friend._6.injury n损伤，伤害Dont do that.Youll do yourself an injury.别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.在这次撞车事故中火车上几名乘客受重伤。do sb an injurydo an injury to sb 伤害某人the injured n. 受伤的人，伤员injury/wound/hurt/harm/damage辨析(1)injury n指平时的大小创伤或伤害。He got serious injuries to the legs at work.他干活时腿受了重伤。(2)wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤，伤口。The soldier received two wounds in the battle.这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤。(3)hurt尤指精神上和感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的伤害比身体上的伤痛更严重。(4)harm；damage指损失，损害，不表示伤痛。The storm did great harm to the crops.这场暴风雨对庄稼危害很大。The earthquake caused damage to the city.这场地震对这城市造成了危害。(1)Youd better have a first aid box at hand in case of some mon_at home.Ahurt Bdamage Cwounds Dinjuries(2)As we all know，smoking does_to the health of smokers themselves and those around them.Aharm Binjury Churt Dwound(3)The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any_to the newly planted trees.Adamage Binjury Churt Dwound7.react vi.(1)react on(upon)对起作用，对有影响Your applause would react on(upon)the speaker.你们的喝彩对演说者有影响。Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶人有恶报。(2)react against反抗，反对People soon reacted against the new government.人们不久便起来反对新政府。He reacted against everything he had been taught.教他什么他都会唱对台戏。(3)react to对作出反应How did your mother react to the news?你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？Our eyes react to light.我们的眼睛对光起反应。(4)react with与起反应Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。介词填空：(1)Dogs react_kindness_waging their tails.(2)He reacted_his parents strictness and left home.(3)The rise of oil costs reacted _the price of food.(4)He didnt react_the loud noise and kept on working.8.admire vt.钦佩，羡慕 ；欣赏 admire sb for sth /doing sth 因为做某事佩服某人 admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 have admiration for 对表示钦佩 with/in admiration 钦佩地 I really admire your enthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。I have great admiration for her as a writer.我十分钦佩她这个作家。完成句子：我钦佩他的勇气。I _ him _ his courage.9.impact n影响；冲击；撞击 Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the crisis.企业开始感受到了经济危机的全面影响。The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。have an impact on.对有影响完成句子：His fathers death _ _ _ _ _ him.他爸爸的去世对他造成了巨大的影响。10.loss n损失 The global financial crisis will lead to a number of job losses.全球金融风暴会让许多人失业。 When she died I was filled with a sense of loss.她去世后我心里充满了失落感。考点提示： make up a loss弥补损失 suffer losses 遭受损失 at a loss 感到迷惑 Kate, you look worried now.Well, I am at _ loss as to how to solve _ problem.Aa; the Ba; a C不填；a Dthe; the 答案：1.C句意：虽然教授看到我们很吃惊，但还是热烈欢迎我们。Though surprised to see us Though he was surprised to see us。2.B3.(1)been promoted to(2)promoting their new products(3)was promoted manager4.B5.(1)在故事的结尾，小说的主人公自杀了。(2)我把这件事委托一位朋友照管。6.(1)D(2)A(3)A7.(1)to；by(2)against(3)on(4)to8.admire; for 9.had a great impact on10.A句意：Kate, 你看起来很忧愁。是的，我不知道怎样解决这个问题。at a loss 不知所措。“解决这个问题”是特指。