2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China素材 外研版必修3.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China素材 外研版必修3话题词汇1.creative adj.富有创造力的2.determination n.决心3.humorous adj.幽默的4.independent adj.独立的5.profession n.职业6.qualification n.资格；学历7.be honored as被誉为8.be active in积极从事于9.be admitted into a key university考上重点大学10.think highly/well of对高度评价经典语篇请根据下面人物简介写一篇短文：姓名屠呦呦国籍中国职业药学家、科学家主要经历1.1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波；2.1951年考入北京大学，专攻/主修制药专业，于1955年毕业；3.毕业后接受中医培训两年半，并一直在中国中医研究院工作；4.1972年成功发现并制成一种治疗疟疾的药物青蒿素而获得多种奖项；5.2015年10月5日，她被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，成为中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。总结我们要向她学习，投身科学研究。参考词汇：中国中医研究院/所China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine；疟疾malaria佳作欣赏Tu Youyou，a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930. In 1951，she was admitted into Beijing University，majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955.After graduation she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half and she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，so that she won many big awards.To our excitement and delight，she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 5th,xx，being the first Chinese woman who won the Nobel Prize .We are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.思维发散1.将第句改为含有定语从句的复合句Tu Youyou，who is a famous female pharmacologist and scientist，was born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th,1930.2.将第句改为含有时间状语从句的复合句After she graduated，she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half.3.将第句中的so that从句改为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world，for which she won many big awards.4.将第句中的定语从句改为短语作定语being the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize.重点单词A.写作单词1.equal (adj.)平等的2.importance (n.)重要；重要性3.teaching (n.)(常作复数)教导；学说4.thinker (n.)思想家5.kindness (n.)善良6.position (n.)职位7.condition (n.)状况；条件；环境8.order (n.)秩序；(vt.)命令；订购orderly (adj.)秩序井然的9.adviser (n.)顾问advise (v.)建议advice (n.)建议；意见10.honesty (n.)诚实honest (adj.)诚实的；直率的honestly (adv.)诚实地11.contribution (n.)贡献contribute (vt.)贡献12.invent (vt.)发明invention (n.)发明inventor (n.)发明家13.argument (n.)争论；辩论；议论argue (vi.)争论；辩论；议论14.freedom (n.)自由free (adj.)自由的B.阅读单词15.principle (n.)原则；准则16.stress (vt.)强调17.resign (vi.)辞职18.justice (n.)公正19.leather (n.)皮革20.soft (adj.)柔软的21.category (n.)范畴；种类22.fuel (n.)燃料23.influential (adj.)有影响的influence (n.& vt.)影响.重点短语1.be at war with与交战2.bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐3.bee interested in对感兴趣4.be proud of为自豪5.in conclusion总之6.for the first time首先；第一次.经典句式1.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。3.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。4.Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.19世纪末时，汽车首次被使用，其速度并不比马跑得快。.课文语法填空There were many great philosophers in ancient China.Confucius,1.who was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC，was the greatest philosopher.He stressed the 2.importance(important) of kindness，duty and order in society.3.His ideas affected Chinese society for over 2,000 years.Mencius，born in 372 BC，was a student of Confuciuss ideas.So，his teachings were similar to 4.those of Confucius.He believed man was born good and 5.that people were more important than rulers.He wrote a book in his last years 6.named(name) The Book of Mencius.Mozi，who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC，was also 7.an influential philosopher.In some ways，his ideas were similar to those of Confucius.For example，he 8.thought(think) government was most important.Mozi believed all men were 9.equal(equally).His idea of love 10.differed(different) from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.1 equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in.)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与相等，等于(be the same in.)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as.)应试指导equally写作关联词(1)be equal in在方面比得上be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与相等；能胜任on equal terms在对等的条件下without equal/have no equal无与伦比A equals B in.A在方面比得上B/与B相匹配(2)equally adv.相等地；同样地；平等地(3)equality n.U相等；相同；平等(1)The amount of radiation was equal to using a mobile phone for two halfhour periods per day.辐射量相当于每天使用两次、每次半小时的手机所接受的辐射。(2)He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。(3)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当但智力不等。多维训练(1)单句语法填空He is equal to Tom in ability.The two countries had a conversation on equal terms.An equally(equal) important quality is tolerance.They live and work together in plete equality(equal) and brotherhood.(2)As a holiday destination in winter，the Hainan Island has no equal.作为冬天度假的目的地，海南岛无疑是最佳选择。2多词一义contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to，cause(1)make a contribution/contributions to对作出贡献；捐款(2)contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；是的原因之一；贡献；投稿contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to有助于；导致(result in/lead to)；把时间投入到(1)Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？(2)He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。图解助记多维训练(1)同义句改写Various factors contributed to his downfall.Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused/brought about his downfall.(2)In a discussion group，its very important that everyone (should) contribute(每个人都贡献) whatever is in their minds.3应试指导(1)on no condition位于句首的倒装；(2)on condition that引导条件状语从句；(3)condition后跟定语从句的考查in good/bad condition身体好/不好；状态好/不好out of condition身体不好；状态不佳on condition that.条件是on no condition决不(1)The MP4 is in good condition，looking like the newly bought one.这台MP4状况良好，就跟新买的一样。(2)Ive had no exercise for ages；Im really out of condition.我已好久没锻炼了，现在健康状况欠佳。(3)He spoke to reporters on condition that he was not identified.在不披露身份的条件下，他接受了记者的采访。多维训练(1)单句语法填空The nearest hotel is in good condition.You must on no condition tell them the secret.She made it a condition that he (should) go with her.Can you imagine such conditions where you have nothing to live on for a week?(2)同义句改写On no condition must you tell them the secret. (把上题句改为倒装句)4应试指导“bring副词”类语境词义辨析bring about引起；导致bring down降低；减少bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入bring out使显现；阐明；出版(1)He left her to bring up three young children on her own.他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。(2)The new plan will bring down the inflation rate.新计划将降低通货膨胀率。多维训练(1)写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.养育；抚养Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐(2)短语填空The prices have been brought down so far.The economic reform brought about great changes in the lives of the mon people.The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought in.Immediately after the book was brought out，it became a bestseller.5多维训练(1)单句语法填空All teachers will take pride in the progress made by their students.She did well in every subject，but she never seemed to be proud of her achievement.(2)一句多译她为能很好地完成一项工作而感到自豪。She is proud of doing a job well.(be proud of)She is proud to be able to do a job well.(be proud to do sth.)She is proud that she is able to do a job well.(be proud that.)She feels/takes pride in doing a job well.(feel/take pride in)6多维训练(1)单句语法填空He concluded his speech with a famous saying.What can we conclude from Staffords research?In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.(2)一句多译从以上讨论可得出两个结论。Two conclusions can be drawn from the above discussion.There are two conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.7 But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。a time表示“一段时间”，相当于a period of time，后接when引导的定语从句。It/This/That/There was a time when.曾经一度(那时)(1)It was a time when motorcars were rare.那时汽车是很罕见的。(2)I still remember a time when I lived in Germany.我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。多维训练(1)单句语法填空It was after having her first child at a time when my mother was working as a lawyer that she decided to run for governor of the state.There was a time when this style of dress was popular with young girls.(2)单句改错How happy Marie is！It is the first time when she has seen pandas face to face，isnt it？whenthatIsnt it time when children went to bed since it is too late？whenthat8 Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。reason常用句式：the reason the reason后是用why或for which还是用that或which，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或for which。(1)The reason why he didnt e was that he was ill.他没来的原因是他病了。(2)The reason for this is that they want to see how we will act when we are not being controlled.这样做的原因是，他们希望看到当我们不被操纵时我们将如何行事。多维训练单句语法填空(1)The only reason why I came was that I wanted to meet your friends.(2)The reason for the party is that its Sues birthday.(3)Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？.语境填词1.As for cheating in the exams，I will tell them the importance(重要性) of honesty.(xx广东)2.Another argument(争议) against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.(xx广东)3.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position(职位).(xx陕西)4.“Its kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a daytoday basis，” says Thomas Serval，the French inventor(发明家).(xx山东)5.The author of the passage aims to stress(强调) the benefit of taking notes by hand.(xx辽宁).单句语法填空1.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.(xx全国)2.Freedom(free) may e to an end in the digital age.(xx江苏)3.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States.(xx新课标全国)4.The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty(honest).(xx重庆)5.It was in perfect condition，considering how old it was.(xx浙江).短语填空1.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.(xx广东)2.To prepare for it，I read many books，recited thousands of English words，which did contribute to my answering the questions and ensured me a good performance during the exam.(xx四川)3.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that blacks social position was shaped by how they were brought up.(xx江苏)4.As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them “the overpraised generation”.(xx大纲全国)5.In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage，protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.(xx福建).完成句子1.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.(xx全国)专家们说你设计家的方式可能在你发胖或保持体形方面起(重要)作用。2.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that she wanted to repay the favour she once got.(xx陕西)作者让老人搭便车的原因是她想回报她曾经得到过的帮助。3.He is no cleverer than his brother.他和他的弟弟一样都不聪明。4.It was a time when we Chinese had to use oil imported from foreign countries.那是一段我们中国人不得不使用国外进口的石油的时期。 写作素材(关于公司职员)1.彼得在一家皮革公司担任重要职位。2.他很胜任他的工作。3.他总是向他的同事强调诚实、公正和善良的重要性。4.他为公司的发展作出了巨大贡献。5.这使他的公司以他为自豪。提示黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who，which引导的定语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Peter，who holds an important position in a leather pany，is quite equal to his work.He always stresses the importance of honesty，justice and kindness to his colleagues.He has made great contributions to the development of the pany，which makes his pany proud of him.练出高分.阅读理解AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture，write an article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge，all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival，MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue，Cambridge 02139 by Friday，February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：/ cambridgesciencefestival.org.1Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?ASchool students. BCambridge locals.CCSF winners. DMIT artists.答案A解析细节理解题。从文章第一段第二句“The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to.”不难得知，该项目是让学生来参赛的。2When will the prizegiving ceremony be held?AOn February 8th. BOn March 10th.COn March 15th. DOn April 21st.答案D解析细节理解题。从文章第三段第一句“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday，April 21st.”不难得知，颁奖的日期是4月21日。3What type of writing is this text?AAn exhibition guide. BAn art show review.CAn announcement. DAn official report.答案C解析文章体裁题。通读文章可知，这是一则激励学生参赛的通知，该通知同时介绍了参赛的注意事项。BWe know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bellsbut what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so.In fact，McLean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning “who” invented “what”，however，McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLean，“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，” said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama，Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas，a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett AMorgans traffic light.Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine JBlodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?4By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inventions are .Abeneficial，because their inventors are famousBbeneficial，though their inventors are less famousCnot useful，because their inventors are less famousDnot useful，though their inventors are famous答案B解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选B项。5Professor Joan McLeans course aims to .Aadd colour and variety to students campus lifeBinform students of the windshield wipers inventionCcarry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityDprepare students to try their own inventions答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”可知应选D项。6Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was .Anot eventually accepted by the umbrella producerBinspired by the story behind the windshield wiperCdue to his dream of being caught in a rainstormDnot related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures答案B解析细节理解题。由第三段中Tommy Lee的话“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention.I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。7Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?AHow to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?BHow to Design a Builtin Device for Cleaning the Window?CShouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?DShouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?答案C解析标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选C项。其他选项都比较片面。.七选五If you intend to work with this book seriously，I suggest that you give yourself every advantage by carefully following the laws of learning：Space your learning. 8 Each session may take one half hour to an hour and a half，depending on the amount of material and on your own speed of learning.Do one or two sessions at a timethree if youre going strong and are all involvedand always decide when you stop and exactly when you will return. 9 Everyone learns at a different pace.Fast learners are no better than slow learnersits the end result that counts，not the time it takes you to finish.Review.When you start a new session，go back to the last exercise of the previous session，cover your answers，and see how much you remember. 10 Test yourself.You are not aiming for a grade，or putting your worth on the line，when you take the prehensive Tests. 11 You are deciding where repairs have to be made，and especially，you are experiencing a feeling of success at work that is well done.Use these tests，as well as the abundant drill exercises，as aids to learning.No one is perfect，no one learns in the exact same way or at the same speed as anyone else. 12 And then，give yourself every opportunity to exploit your actual，latent，and potential abilities.But most important of all，as I will remind you several times throughout this book，develop a schedule and stick to it!ADo you have quick recall after a day，or you simply forget everything?BThis approach works better than any other method for learning words.COn the contrary，you are discovering your weaknesses，if any.DEvery chapter of this book is divided into “sessions”EReal learning