2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题18 阅读理解记叙文类.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题18 阅读理解记叙文类方法与技巧方法概述记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。命题方式考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题学科网范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.between Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the petition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such petition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to bee Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .A.$100B.$300C.$350D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。体验高考【xx四川卷】CA schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her fathers chest .Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest pressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived .Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on hisShes a little star, said Debbie, i was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.【小题1】. Izzy kicked her father in the chest _ .A. to express her helplessness B. to practise CPR on himC. to keep him awake D. to restart his heart【小题2】. Whats the right order of the events?1Izzy kicked Colm. 2Debbie called 999. 3Izzy learned CPR. 4Colms heart stopped. A. 3124 B. 4231 C. 3421 D. 4312【小题3】 What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered. B. Colms present condition.C. What caused Colms allergy. D. Symptoms of Colms allergic reaction.【小题4】. Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident. B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girls brave act. D. To call peoples attention to allergic reaction.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题1】D考查细节理解。根据文章第二段lzzy, nine , restarted father Colms heart by stamping on his chest 可知Lzzy自知自己力气小，用手很难达到急救的目的，她用脚踩父亲胸口的目的就是为了让他的心脏恢复跳动，故答案选D。【小题2】C考查细节理解。本道排序题的解题重点是首尾确定法，文章采取倒叙的手法，先描述了Lzzy对父亲采取的急救措施，然后在下文又提到以前母亲教给过Lzzy如何急救，所以Lzzy学会急救方法是最先发生的事情，排除BC选项。再根据作者对事件的叙述可知在父亲晕倒后，母亲去拨打了急救电话，而她怕医生不能及时赶到而又去对父亲采取了必要的急救措施，选C。【小题3】A考查细节理解。在文章第八段中作者对Colm，也就是Lzzy的父亲进行了介绍，这位卡车司机因病而住院接受治疗，然而在出院的第二天病症又次发生，以至于呼吸停止，由此可知本段内容主要讲述了Colm发病的事情，故答案选A。【小题4】C考查推理判断。在文章中作者主要讲述了当父亲发病，呼吸心脏停止的时候，Lzzy采取急救行动救父亲的故事，通过这件事描写了小女孩lzzy的勇敢，而其他选项内容片面，不能反应文章的中心，故答案选C。考点：考查故事类短文阅读。【xx四川卷】BIn 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur dAlene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away.We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Moms vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didnt care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little Are going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel（桶） of paint but couldnt really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when 1 made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove meMom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. 1 hadnt turned 5 yet.As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didnt realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.In 1950, we moved back to Coeur dAlene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.【小题1】. What can be inferred about the authors family?A. His father was a cruel man. B. His parents didnt love him.C. His parents used to be very busy. D. His mother didnt have any jobs.【小题2】. What happened when the author was 4?A. He learned to smoke. B. He was locked in a basement.C. He was arrested by the police. D. He nearly caused a fire accident.【小题3】. Which of the following is true?A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.C. Leonhard often visited the authors family after 1950.D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.【小题4】. What is the authors purpose of writing the text?A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.D. To show off his pride in making trouble.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】A【解析】试题分析: 本文是一篇记叙文，在文章中作者回忆了自己童年时候发生的一件件的事情，基本都是作者惹得乱子。那时父亲在铁路部门工作，母亲则是父亲手下的一名职员，他们工作忙碌而无瑕顾及作者以至于他有一次点燃了一桶油漆，差点引起火灾，闯下大祸。此外，在文中作者还提到了自己第一次做雪橇的美好回忆。【小题3】A考查细节理解。从文章末段内容可知作者后来搬家了，故 B选项内容错误，而C选项中作者提到Leonhard1950年以后还经常去他家，内容与文章末段提示的信息矛盾，故排除。根据文章第四段As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder和but I do remember the ride well.可知Leonhard Seppala以驾雪橇的高超技术而著名，而且作者第一次的乘坐雪橇也是非常愉快的，故D选项错误，答案选A。【小题4】A考查主旨大意。文章开头提出自己在四岁的时候，一家人搬到了阿拉斯加，在那里他的冒险生活就开始了，然后在下文中作者回忆了在那里发生的的事情，由此可知本文主要讲述了作者小时候的事情，是作者对童年的回忆，选A。考点：考查故事类短文阅读。【xx全国新课标II】A ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia, my husband ,Rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.【小题1】.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shoppingB. Find a houseC. Join his familyD. Take his family【小题2】.The girls parents got Rashids phone number from_.A. a friend of his familyB. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papers D. a stranger in Sydney【小题3】.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A. ShowedB. Sent outC. DeliveredD. Gave back【小题4】.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. From India to Australia.B. Living in a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.D. In Search of New Friends.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】D【小题4】C【解析】试题分析: 本文属于记叙文题材。在文中作者讲述了她们一家经历的一件事情。作者的丈夫不慎丢失了文件包，正当着急的时候，有人打电话给送了回来，原来是那家人的小孩在垃圾桶旁边发现了这些文件，通过这件事作者一家不仅找回了丢失的文件也找回了对人们的信任。【小题1】B 考查细节理解。根据文章首段Rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house可知作者的丈夫Rashid独自一人到了悉尼后住在旅馆中，同时到处去给家人找房子住，故答案选B。【小题2】C 考查细节理解。 根据文章倒数第二段At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知陌生人一家是通过作者丈夫文件中一封信里的内容得知他的电话号码的，故答案选C。【小题4】C 考查文章标题。文章讲述了作者的丈夫丢失的物品被人认为是垃圾而扔到了垃圾箱里，但是有一个好心的家庭却把那些文件等规整好送还给作者的丈夫，这些别人眼里的垃圾对作者的丈夫来说却是重要的，由此判断C选项内容更能体现文章中心，故答案选C。考点：考查故事类短文阅读。【xx陕西卷】B When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor if the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease. She couldn;t afford the operation because her family was poor. Her mother ran a boardinghouse in Galveston, a seaside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she sent it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Gainestown boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henrys. My father then set out to sell it. Eventfully, he foud himself in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed. My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But i doubt that it could have been better than his own story.【小题1】 Who found the O. Henrys manuscript?A. The girls mother. B. The authors father.C. The girl. D. The author.【小题2】Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was found in the attic?A. O. Henry once worked in Houston. B. O. Henry once stayed in Galveston.C. O. Henry once moved to Des Moines. D. O. Henry once taught at SMU.【小题3】The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. named B. treated C. proved D. described【小题4】According to the text, why did the authors father go to Des Moines?A. To sell the O. Henry story. B. To meet the author himself.C. To talk with the O. Henry expert. D. To give money to the girl.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】A【解析】试题分析：文章大意：这是一位处于贫困中的母亲在发现O.Henry书稿时没有私藏，而是转交给作者的父亲，作者的父亲让专家鉴定后将书稿卖的钱如数给小女孩的母亲，生病的孩子得救了。【小题1】A考查细节理解。根据第二段的She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O.Henry”可知那位小女孩的母亲一天打扫阁楼上发现布满尘土的旧手稿，手稿上写着O.Henry的签名，故选A。【小题2】B 考查细节理解。根据第二段的My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O.Henry had once lived in Houston可知我父亲从没有听说过这个故事，但是他知道O.Henry曾住在Houston，故选B。【小题3】C考查猜测词义。根据前文作者的父亲找到一位专家应是“证明”是O.Henry的作品。A命名；B对待；C证明；D描述。故选C。【小题4】A考查细节理解。根据最后一段的My father then set out to sell it我父亲然后出发去把它卖掉，可知选A。考点：考查故事类短文阅读【xx天津卷】C“Dad,” I say one day .take a trip. Why dont you fly and meet me?”My father had just reired. His job filled his day, his thought, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.My father sees me drfting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.“ What is our first stop?” asks my father.“What time is it?”“Still dont have a watch?”Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of little boy.“Unbelievable,” he says, “How was this done?”A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.We stare up and I ask myself, Would I ever devote my life to anything?No directions, I always used to hear those words in my fathers voice. Now I hear them in my own.The next day were at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic.“Did you ever travel with your dad? I ask.“Only once,” he says. “ I never spoke much with my father. We loved ea