2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（5）(I).doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（5）(I)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 “Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This inaccurate use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones entitled to his opinion, are mon expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.8. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion. B. Free expression of opinions always leads to confusion.C. Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.D. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels. 9. According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?A. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others opinions.B. Someone who cant put up with others tastes.C. Someone who values only their own opinions.D. Someone whose opinion harms other people.10. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that _.A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand B. one should not always agree to others opinionsC. personal tastes are not something to be challengedD. it is unwise to express ones likes and dislikes in public11. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that _.A. it is stated by judges in the courtB. it reflects public like and dislikesC. it is a result of a lot of controversyD. it is based on careful thought 811、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。The fact that life isnt fair doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we dont recognize or admit that life isnt fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isnt fair, however, we feel passion(热情) for others and for ourselves. And passion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can persuade you out of self-pity and into helpful action.12. The writer thought of his friends question as a good one because _.A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinionB. it made him recall something during his childhoodC. like his friend, he also thought life was unfairD. he learned something from the question as a youngster13. Surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair will _.A. keep us from making everything perfectB. keep us from doing everything in our powerC. make us face unfair treatment bravelyD. make us know its our duty to perfect things14. The second paragraph of the passage mainly tells us that _.A. its nice to accept the injustice of lifeB. its nice to surrender to the lifeC. we should not surrender to the lifeD. we should not feel sorry for everything15. In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that _.A. you should not pity for othersB. life isnt and wont be fairC. passion is heartfelt emotionD. pity is a self-defeating emotion1215、阅读理解-C“Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much”- Francis Bacon （1561-1626）It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understandingTo start with, you need questionsThen, to find answers, you observe the world around you and study the factsAfter that you consider possible answers and test each to find the right onesAlthough today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the worlds problems with this type of analysis- luckily for usHowever, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the dayAt that time, people believed more in religion than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei, who proved scientific ideas such as “ the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one ing to their defenceThe church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge that they had always fortably believedThey preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of othersIn fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe ancient views put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle （384-322BC）This also shows how people didnt want to search for their own understanding or educate themselvesAnd this is still often true todayPeople feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be soBut even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at timesAnd Galilei too made mistakesHe is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round the sun in a perfect circleHe was wrongTherefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changingIn other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say “We know it all”We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we dont know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questionsSo much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of old thoughts in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that todays civilization is built uponThese men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them”-Galileo Galilei （1564-1642）8In Bacon and Galileos times, people would prefer to _Alearn new things by observing the world around themselvesBacquire knowledge from church or experience of great ancestorsCseek answers to their puzzles from contemporary scientistsDexplore knowledge out of facts they saw with their own eyes9In this passage Bacon and Galileo are mentioned as examples for _Atheir great achievements in scienceBtheir ambition to doubt great ancestorsCtheir revolutionary way of acquiring knowledgeDtheir preference to believe in themselves rather than others10What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo help the readers learn more about great thinkers in historyBTo convince the readers of the importance of thinking and discoveringCTo persuade the readers to thank the great men of the past for their wisdomDTo encourage the readers to go against the views of their day11Which of the following is the process the writer suggests to acquire knowledge?Aasking questionssearching the Internet waiting the results finding answersBacquiring knowledge and understanding asking questions answering questionsCobserving the world asking questions studying facts finding answers considering possibilitiesDasking questions observing the world studying facts considering possibilities testing and finding answers【参考答案】811、BCBD阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in small talk, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any jobIn many European countries - like the UK or France - people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in ThailandI had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an unfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiledAfter getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.47In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to _.Adevelop closer relations Bshare the same cultureCget to know each other Dkeep each other pany48The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _.Athe English prefer to make long speechesBtoo many words are of no useCpeople from Thailand are quiet and shy by natureDeven talk and silence can be culturally different49According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?ABy sharing different ways of life. BBy accepting different habits.CBy recognizing different values. DBy speaking each other s languages.50What would be the best title for the text?AMulticultural Environment. BCross-Cultural Differences.CHow to Understand Each Other. DHow to Build Up a Relationship.【答案】47-50 ADCB 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the bodys defense system against infection（感染）. Doctors at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid（氨基酸）called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. Thats the letter T, not the drink. Gamma delta T cells are part of the bodys defenses.First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens（抗原）found in the amino acid. Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria（细菌）. Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon.In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.Two weeks later, and again two weeks after that, the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon.Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He says the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time.Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true, he says, then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections. He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from tea and used as a drug to strengthen the bodys defenses.1. We may know from the text that _ can be found in different kinds of tea.A. Gamma delta T cellsB. L-theanineC. interferonD. bacteria 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第一段 “The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid called L-theanine.” 可知，在black, green, oolong and pekoe tea里面发现了叫做L-theanine的化学成分。故答案为B。2. Tea may help strengthen the bodys defense system because it helps _.A. the body to produce more interferon B. the body to produce more gamma delta T cellsC. to add some bacteria to the blood cells D. to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。由第二段 “Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection.” 可知，细胞产生interferon，它可以抵抗感染，故可推断，茶能增强身体的抵抗能力因为它能帮助身体产生更多的interferon。故答案为A。3. According to Dr Bukowski, _.A. the findings of the study have already proved to be trueB. he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with itC. further study is needed to prove the findings trueD. he is not sure whether tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由最后一段首句 “Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer.” 可知，D选项错误。由该段的后文 “Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true”可知，A选项错误，C选项正确。由最后一句 “He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from tea and used as a drug to strengthen the bodys defenses.” 可知，Dr Bukowski认为可以从茶中提取amino acid L-theanine来制药，B选项与文意不符，故错误。4. What would be the best title for this Text?A. Tea Is Better Than Coffee.B. Tea May Help Fight InfectionC. Tea Can Help Prevent Cancer.D. Our Body Needs Tea 答案解析：答案为B。全文都是围绕第一段首句 “American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the bodys defense system against infection.” 展开，故标题为B选项。