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第40讲 定语从句,广西专用,外研版,中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能、结构和关系词的用法上，重点考查由that，which，who引导的定语从句。,高频考向一 定语从句的关系词 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。 who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？ He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。 which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。 whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语。如： Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。,关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如： Ill never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。 This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。 【例1】 The woman _ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.(2016，成都) Awho Bwhich Cwhose 解析：分析题干可知，本句是含有定语从句的主从复合句。“_ is singing on the TV show”是定语从句，先行词the woman指人，且关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用who/that引导定语从句。which引导定语从句时先行词通常指物，whose引导定语从句时在从句中只能作定语。 答案：_,A,【例2】 Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _ people cannot get at home.(2016，河南) Athat Bwho Cwhom Dwhat 解析：句意为“如果电影院能提供人们在家里不能获得的电影体验，电影院可能会有一个更加光明的未来。”由句意及句子结构可判断，空格处所填内容引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语。that指代人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who和whom指代人，who在从句中可作主语，whom作宾语；what不能作关系代词引导定语从句，由先行词experience是表示物的名词可得知正确答案。 答案：_,A,【例3】 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.(2017，百色预测) Awhere Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich 解析：先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。 答案：_,A,高频考向二 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。 当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如： All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。,Im going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。 当先行词前面有only，just，very，any，no等词修饰时。如： Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 当先行词既含有人又含有物时。如： They are talking about persons and things that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。,【例4】 This is one of the most interesting cities _ I have ever visited.(2016，兰州) Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhere 解析：分析题干和选项可知，此题考查定语从句中关系代词的选择。“_ I have ever visited”为定语从句，先行词cities指事物且关系词代替先行词在从句中作visited的宾语；另外，当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that而不用which。 答案：_,B,【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way.(2016，南宁模拟) Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom 解析：先行词既含有人又含有物时，关系代词用that。 答案：_,C,高频考向三 关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况 当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如： Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。 当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如： Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人挤在候车厅里。 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但若在介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如： The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。 I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。,【例6】 Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible”(2017，百色预测) Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich 解析：先行词是those，故关系代词用who。 答案：_,C,
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