2019-2020年高考英语 基础知识练习 冠词的讲解与训练.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 基础知识练习 冠词的讲解与训练冠词 知识要点 冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词所指的人或事，一般没有句子重音。冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the）和零冠词。 疑难突破1. 不定冠词a/an的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA car is a machine that can run fast.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A man is waiting for Tom.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe work nine hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameThey are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Mike came to see him when you were at school.That writer is rather a Lu Xun.6用于固定词组中a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后John is as clever a boy as you can wish to meet.9用于单数可数名词前表示“一个人（或物）。但是用an或是a，不是有后面的词的首字母是否是原音决定的，而是由首字母的发音是否是原音决定的。At an early age, she began to like it.在早年，她就开始喜欢它。Its a used tool, so it is smooth.那是一件被用过了的工具，所以很光滑。There is an hour left.还剩一小时。2. 定冠the词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The dog is a useful animal.2用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the poor, the dead, the green3用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar 4表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind my opening the door?5用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the earth, the sun, the Pacific Ocean6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Smith, the Hongs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the shorter of the two boys.8用于党派、国家等以及江、河、湖、海及山川群岛的名词前the United States, the munist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The pass was invented in China.10用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He hit me on the shoulder.11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the truck by the hour.12在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1980s3.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Mike,Wuhan University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示泛指的复数名词前pens are useful tools.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时writer and poest, knife and fork, day and night8 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Mary was made monitorof our class.注意： 高考一般偏重于考查冠词的特指、泛指、零冠词的用法及其加在形容词前面表示一类人或事物等较多。 即学即练1.Wecanneverexpect_bluerskyunlesswecreate_lesspollutedworld.A.a;aB.a;the C.the;aD.the;the2.Thebiggestwhaleis_bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslongtheheightof_9-storybuilding.A.the;the B.a;a C.a;the D.the;a3.Somepeoplefearthat_airpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin_weatheraroundtheworld.A./;the B.the;/ C.an;the D.the;a4.Letsgotocinema-thatlltakeyourmindofftheproblemfor_while.A.the;the B.the;a C.a;the D.a;a5.Whatpitythatyoucouldntbetheretoreceive_prize! A.a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.the;the6.Inordertofind_betterjob,hedecidedtostudy_secondforeignlanguage.A.the;a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;the7.Idontunderstandwhattheengineermeans,butIvegot_roughideaof_projectplan. A.the;a B.不填;the C.the;不填 D.a;the8,WashingmachinesmadebyChinahavewon_worldwideattentionandHaierhasbee_popularname. A.a;theB./;a C./;theD.the;a9.WhatIneedis_bookthatcontains_ABCofoilpainting.A.a;不填 B.the;不填 C.the;an D.a;the10.Lets go to _ cinema thatll take your mind off the problem for _while.A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a冠词即学即练1. A。这两空都是泛指。第一空泛指蔚蓝的天空；第二空泛指没有污染的世界。2.B。第一空泛指蓝鲸，第二空泛指一幢九层的高楼。3.A。考查冠词用法。Airpollution是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather这里是特指全球的气候，根据theweatheraroundtheworld可知。4.B。考查冠词的用法。gotothecinema表示具体的某地，forawhile固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。6.B。考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a+序数词+名词表示又一，再一。7.D。第一空是泛指，修饰可数名词单数用a，第二空是特指心目中所知道的项目计划。8.B。第一空不可数名词泛指，不用冠词。第二空泛指一个受欢迎的名字用a。9.D。第一空是泛指一本书。第二空是特指油画ABC。10.B。考查冠词。go to the cinema属于固定词组“去电影院”；for a while表示短暂的时间，“一会儿”。句意：咱们去看电影吧，这样就会暂时忘记这个烦恼。