2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题一有提示词填空第二讲形容词和副词讲义新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题一有提示词填空第二讲形容词和副词讲义新人教版1xx北京高考Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can _(easy) reach the books on the top shelf.答案：easily根据提示词的位置可知，修饰动词，使用副词作状语。2xx天津高考Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the_(good) allround forms of exercise.答案：best此处表述最佳的全面运动方式之一。由“one of形容词最高级名词复数”结构可知，此处填good的最高级best。3xx北京高考People have_(well) access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result.答案：better根据句意“人们有了比过去更好的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。”并结合句子中的than可知，此处使用比较级。well的比较级是better，故填better。 4xx浙江高考A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,_ (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.答案：especially根据空格位置，修饰整个句子使用副词，故填especially。5xx天津高考The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning _ (necessary)答案：unnecessary分析句式结构“make宾语宾补”可知，此处应填形容词，且结合语义可知，此处应为“没必要的”。故填unnecessary。6xx全国卷Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.答案：worse由语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse “更糟的是”，也可以看作固定搭配。7xx四川高考Andy is content with the toy. It is the_ (good) he has ever got.答案：best根据语义及空格前的定冠词the可知，空格处用形容词的最高级。8xx安徽高考They gave money to the old peoples home either_ (personal) or through their panies.答案：personally空格处应填副词作状语，表示捐钱的方式，修饰动词gave。personally意为“亲自”。句意：他们或者亲自或者通过公司把钱捐给了敬老院。9xx浙江高考Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food es from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ (former) alive.答案：formerly根据句子结构可知，此处填副词修饰形容词alive。句意：要是我们对食物的来源稍有了解，我们多数人就会明白，我们吃到嘴巴里的每一口食物都曾经是活生生的生命。10xx湖北高考Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _ (punctually)答案：punctualpunctual意为“准时的”，用在be动词之后作表语。Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。xx全国卷She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _61_ (rest). Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as _62_ model in New York.Sarah _63_ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, _64_ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _65_ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her _66_(educate)She has turned down several _67_ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _68_ engineering or architecture.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school _69_ (e) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is _70_ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”61_62._63._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是16岁的萨拉作为一名模特表现出色，她父亲想让她放弃学业专心从事模特行业，但萨拉认为学业优先，不想在模特行业投入太多精力。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61resting考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，句意：萨拉没有花半学期的时间来休息。62a考查冠词。用不定冠词a表泛指。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6,500英镑。63has_been_told/was_told考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态。64who考查定语从句的引导词。引导词指代先行词Sarah并在从句中作主语，指人，故填who。65to_prove考查固定搭配。want to do sth.“想要做某事”，为固定搭配。66education考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。67invitations考查名词的复数。several “几个”，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。68in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture “工程学或建筑学学位”。69es考查动词的时态。此处为直接引语，陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。70certainly考查词性转换。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun, certain的副词形式为certainly。Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)形容词有作定语、表语、宾补等基本功能；(2)副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及句子；(3)形容词及副词的级别：原级、比较级及最高级；(4)与形容词、副词相关的固定句式；(5)形容词及副词的特殊用法及几组副词的区别。学情分析考生在形容词和副词的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)考生对形容词及副词的基本功能不熟悉；(2)在具体语境中，对形容词与副词的使用容易出现混淆；(3)分辨不清隐性条件，导致比较级或最高级使用错误；(4)不能准确熟练掌握形容词、副词的句式结构。考点1形容词、副词的基本功能1形容词在句子中通常充当的成分(1)定语：修饰名词或代词；(2)表语：位于系动词之后；(3)宾补：对宾语进行补充说明。典题1xx重庆育才中学期末You can imagine how _ (excite) I was when I saw the bike, and I begged him to teach me how to ride it.答案excited空格处在句中作表语，且描述人的心理状态，故填excite的形容词形式excited，表示“感到兴奋的”。典题2xx浙江重庆中学适应考试Jane was so thirsty for the news of her lost child that she was almost driven _ (madly)答案mad此处是drive sb. mad的变式，空格处应为补语，对主语进行补充说明，故填mad。2副词在句子中作状语，修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词、其他副词或整个句子典题3xx东北三省三校联考_ (recent), we have e to understand that the way you dress yourself is a reflection of your occupation.答案Recently空格处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，故填副词Recently。典题4xx重庆南开二诊With the order from the ground, the plane _ (succeed) landed at the nearest airport.答案successfully空格位于动词之前，修饰动词landed，故应填副词形式successfully。考点2形容词、副词的比较等级1形容词/副词原级的用法类似用法的词：典题5xx甘肃天水一中模拟It was _ successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters.答案so本题考查“soadj./adv.that”句型，意为“如此以至于”。2形容词和副词比较级的用法(1)A谓语形容词/副词比较级thanB(2)隐性条件下的比较级用法，即：在句中没有比较级标志性词than，而是通过语境来分辨是否用比较级。典题6xx广东揭阳模拟After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We made our reservation six months _ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.答案earlier根据后一句中的there had been a mistake可知，我们应在几个月之前就已经预订好了。故填earlier，意为“先前；在之前；早些时候”。3表示三者或三者以上的比较应用最高级，其结构为“主语谓语最高级范围”，通常最高级前有定冠词the典题7xx广东高中毕业班模拟When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in tears, but Socrates seemed to be the _ (brave) man in the room.答案bravest根据空格前的the和语境可知，此处应用形容词最高级形式修饰名词man。考点3形容词、副词相关句式1the形容词/副词比较级 .，the形容词/副词比较级 . 表示“越，就越”The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越努力，取得的进步越大。2the比较级of the two (名词)The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中高个的是我弟弟。3否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义I have never spent a more worrying day since I graduated.自从我毕业以来，这是我度过的最担心的一天。注意：(1)类似用法的结构：cant/couldnt . tooadj./adv.cant/couldnt . adj./adv.enough表示“无论也不为过”。(2)英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。典题8xx河南毕业班适应性考试What came out of his mouth next surprised me greatly. Id never heard a _ (much) forting explanation.答案more该空为否定词与比较级连用的用法。故填more。句意：我听到过的最让人欣慰的解释。典题9xx安徽蚌埠二中月考It all goes to prove his point that you _ never be too careful.答案can此处是can否定词 . tooadj./adv.这个固定结构，意为“无论也不为过”。4倍数表达法倍数表达法的几种常见结构：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size, length, height等)ofB(4)The名词(size, length, height等)ofA is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what引导的名词性从句用以上句型完成下列句子：长江是珠江的三倍长。The Yangtze River is three_times_longer than the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three_times_as_long_as the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three_times_the_length_of the Pearl River.The length of the Yangtze River is three_times_that of the Pearl River.考点4其他特殊用法1修饰形容词/副词比较级的词rather, much, still, even, far, by far, a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit等。典题10xx河北衡水模拟I believe anyone can make themselves something good to eat. Cooking is a lot of easier for us than most of us think.(改错)_答案去掉第一个of此处应用副词短语a lot修饰比较级。而a lot of “许多，大量”，其后应跟名词。2形容词作状语形容词作状语通常对句子主语的属性或特征进行说明。典题11xx安徽安庆一中模拟After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _ (tire) but _ (please)答案tired; pleased此处用形容词作状语补充说明主语的方式或伴随的状态特征，表明他们三人累并快乐着。3“ed”及“ing”构成的形容词的区别在英语中，表示“处于某种情绪、状态”的动词的现在分词及过去分词，均可转化为形容词来使用。现在分词转化成的形容词修饰物或事情表“令别人处于的情绪”，而过去分词转化成的形容词修饰人表示“自身有这种情绪状态”。常见的有：interest, surprise, satisfy, confuse, excite, disappoint, puzzle等。典题12xx安徽淮南模拟I wanted to go back for it, but I thought it could be _ (embarrass) if someone saw me picking up a coin.答案embarrassing此空说明这种情景是令人尴尬的，因此填ing结尾的形容词作表语。4几组形式不同的副词的区别I deeply regret your misfortune.对你的不幸我深感惋惜。I dug deep before I found water.我挖得很深才找到水。5连接副词如：furthermore, otherwise, else, moreover, therefore, though, instead, however等。典题13xx辽宁沈阳质检Hardly can you succeed in doing something perfectly the first time you do it, _， when you do something for the first time its time to give up the idea of perfection.答案therefore根据语义可知，空格前后两句话之间为因果关系，且空格后由逗号间隔，因此填therefore。6of抽象名词抽象名词对应的形容词这个结构在句中可作表语、定语、补语。在抽象名词(如use, value, help, importance, difference等)前面可用little, some, any, no, great, not much等修饰；有的可用同根形容词代替。典题14xx云南曲靖一中月考She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical _ (useful). 答案use此处是be of 抽象名词的结构，相当于be useful。故填use。句意： 她感到她在课程中学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。NO.1解题步骤1.根据空格在句子中的功能和作用，来判断该题考查内容。2根据考查内容链接相关语法点，并根据语境来确定答案。NO.2解题技巧1注意形容词和副词的位置(1)名词前和系动词后一般要使用形容词；(2)动词前后、助动词/be动词/情态动词后、形容词前、句首和句尾一般使用副词。典题1xx河北正定期末Safety is another concern. You are just _ (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr or Miss Right.答案likely此空格前为be动词，且由副词just修饰，故填likely，构成短语be likely to do sth.。典题2xx宁夏六盘山期末Your kids may be smart but you should _ (main) praise the effort they put into tasks.答案mainly注意空格在情态动词should之后，实义动词praise之前，因此使用副词作状语。故填mainly。2判断和解答有关比较等级的题要注意以下几点：(1)as . as之间要用原级；(2)如果两者之间有than，或者没有than，但上下文暗含了比较的意味时，要用比较级；(3)如果是三者或三者以上进行比较或者有in, of等介词短语表示比较范围，要用最高级；(4)比较级前可以有even, much, far, a great deal, a lot, a bit, a little, any等词语；(5)最高级前可以有the second, the very, much the, (by) far the, nearly the, almost the等词语。典题3xx郑州一中四模And when the match started, I was surprised to find that every member of the other team was fighting hard, regardless of the fact that they were far _ (little) capable than us.答案less分析空格前面far，以及空格后面的than可知，此处使用副词比较级，little的比较级是less，故填less。针对语法填空题，在学习形容词和副词时，要注意以下几点：1准确掌握形容词及副词的词性转换规律以及比较级和最高级变化规则，保证拼写正确。2熟练掌握形容词及副词在句中的基本功能，并有意识地观察其位置。3牢固掌握形容词及副词的等级结构，确保结构准确无误。4不容忽视连接副词的使用，其在语法填空中考查考生对语境的辨别能力。建议用时：20分钟Part .单句语法填空1xx陕西西工大附中模拟We can never expect a _ (blue) sky unless we create a _ (little) polluted world.答案：bluer; less第一空是“can否定词 . 形容词/副词比较级”结构，表示最高级含义；第二空根据全句的语境可知填比较级。2xx沈阳二中模拟Fabien is _ (current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31.答案：currently空格前为be动词is，后为实义动词，故应填副词修饰动词。3xx山西太原模拟I think youll get a bit _ (fat) by then. By the way, is there anything I can do for you?答案：fatter根据系动词get可知，填形容词作表语。a bit修饰比较级，故填fatter，注意拼写规则。4xx山东济宁模拟If the patient was extremely fat, it was _ (possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.答案：impossible根据语义可知，此处表示“不可能的”。故填possible的反义词，在其前加前缀“im”。5xx江西上饶模拟In many countries, it is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together. _， in the US, this idea may still be considered odd.答案：However根据上下文逻辑关系可判断，此处表转折，且由逗号与句子隔开，故填however。6xx浙江杭二月考Just to be in the same picture with my wife when we were _ (basic) babies, its unbelievable. 答案：basically修饰动词应该用副词形式，所以此处应该用basically 修饰动词were。故填basically。7xx黑龙江大庆月考It is the _ (old) and only surviving nodam irrigation system in the world.答案：oldest根据后面的in the world属于比较的范围，因此用最高级的形式。句意：这是世界上最古老的而且是仅存的无坝灌溉系统。8xx河南平顶山模拟Imagine how much _ (happy) you would be if you stopped plaining?答案：happier指不抱怨时和抱怨时相比，要用形容词比较级。9xx贵州模拟If you will do business with a South American, it seems _ (impolitely) to be dressed in the light colors.答案：impolite空格前面是联系动词seems，后面使用形容词作表语，故填impolite。10xx浙江金华艾青中学质检You havent changed at allyou still look _ (exact) the same as before.答案：exactlysame为形容词，因此应用副词修饰，故填exactly。Part .单句改错1xx河北石家庄质检That sounds wonderfully as collecting stamps is my hobby as well._答案：wonderfullywonderfulsound为系动词，其后应用形容词作表语。2xx安徽蚌埠五中模拟When the real hunger pains start to hit, they will seek out fort foods. Not surprising, pizza tops the list._答案：surprisingsurprisingly修饰整个句子， 应使用副词作状语， 故将surprising改为surprisingly。3xx石家庄二中调研Young people can especially play such many games that they cannot stop._答案：suchsogames是可数名词复数，前有many修饰时，其前须用so，即此处是“so many可数名词复数”的结构，故将such改为so。4xx湖北襄阳四中模拟The caves in Naica which were once used for mining lead are 800 kilometers deeply. _答案：deeplydeep前面有具体的数字，表示具体的深度，故使用deep; deeply表示抽象意义。5xx衡水中学三调Parents expectations for how good their children do at school and the environment at home are important determinants of achievement._答案：goodwellhow从句中的谓语动词是do，修饰动词do，应该使用副词well。故将good改为well。Part .语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 xx云南曲靖月考 Dragon Boat Festival, also called Duanwu Festival, is a traditional holiday, which_1_(observe) each year over 2,000 years in China to honor Qu Yuan, an ancient Chinese patriotic (爱国的) poet. Originating from south China, Dragon Boat Festival enjoys higher_2_(popular) in southern areas, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong Provinces. With a history over 2,000 years, it used to be a day _3_people would use herbs(药草)to drive away diseases. However, the most popular origin is closely related_4_the great poet Qu Yuan in the Warring States Period. posing masterpieces like Li Sao, he was regarded as one of the greatest _5_(poet) in Chinese history. After he was exiled (流放) by the king, he had no alternative but to choose to drown_6_(he) in the river rather than seeing his country conquered by the State of Qin. He died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, which is _7_people decided to memorate him on that day_8_(annual). As a result of this, _9_(remember) his death on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people celebrate the festival in_10_(vary) ways.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了龙舟节，也就是端午节的由来，端午节的起源是为了纪念战国时期伟大的爱国诗人屈原。1is observed考查动词的时态和语态。由句中时间状语each year可知用一般现在时， holiday与observe“庆祝(习俗等)”之间是被动关系，所以应该使用被动语态。故填is observed。 2popularity考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，higher为形容词，后面应该用名词。故填popularity。 3when考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句修饰其前的名词a day，从句中不缺主语和宾语。先行词a day 表时间，故填when。4to考查介词。be related to “与有关”，为固定词组，故填to。 5poets考查名词的复数。“one of形容词最高级可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最的之一”。故填poets。 6himself考查代词。由语境可知此处表述把自己溺死在水中。故填himself。 7why考查名词性从句的连接词。此处表述那就是人们决定在那天纪念他的原因；That/This is why . 句型表示“那/这就是的原因”。故填why。 8annually考查词性转换。memorate为动词，因此用副词修饰，故填annually。 9to remember考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故填to remember。 10various考查词性转换。in为介词，ways为名词，所以只能用形容词修饰ways，故填various。