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2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第11周被动语态含解析高考频度： 难易程度：【命题解读】动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。【复习建议】 1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化； 2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。1. （xx北京卷单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D2. （xx天津卷单项填空） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard.as (把看做)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。3.（xx新课标I卷语法填空）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.【答案】are removed【难点梳理】被动语态1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：时时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is / am / are donewas / were donewill / shall be donewould / should be done进行is / am / are being donewas / were being done完成have / has been donehad been donewill / shall have been donewould / should have been done2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. （2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （3）当动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. （4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. （5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如动词介词，动词副词等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing。现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：be有人称、时、数变即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。情助是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。1. （xx新课标II卷语法填空）Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly） (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.2. （xx新课标III卷语法填空）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.3.（xx北京卷单项填空）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded4.（xx江苏卷单项填空）More efforts, as reported, _ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are madeB.will be madeC.are being madeD.have been made5.（xx全国新课标卷I语法填空）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.6.Ann _ a certificate at the end of the program to show she has learned puter skills.A. will giveB. will be givenC. gaveD. was given7.Martin Luther King demanded that people of all races _.A. were equally treatedB. should treat equallyC.be equally treatedD. are giving equal rights参考答案1. were used 【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。2. was told / has been told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told。4.B 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。5.was allowed 【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，作者是被允许走近这些动物，be allowed to do sth被允许做某事。6.B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在这个项目结束的时候，将会给Ann一个证书以表明她已经学会了计算机技能。由句意可知，Ann和give之间是被动关系，且“给她证书”是这个项目结束时才会发生的事，故要用将来时态。故B选项正确。进步，在于总结。我在这，总结在哪儿？_ A Gentle Reminder 委婉的提醒Having been married a long time, my husband sometimes needs a gentle reminder of a special occasion.结婚很久了，丈夫现在有时需要我委婉地提醒他一些特别的日子。On the morning of our 35th anniversary, we were sitting at the breakfast table when I hinted,在结婚35周年纪念日的早上，我们正坐在早餐桌旁，我暗示他说：Honey, do you realize that weve been sitting in these same two seats for exactly 35 years?亲爱的，你意识到我们在这两个相同的座位上已坐了整整35年了吗？Putting down the newspaper, he looked straight at me and said,他放下报纸，眼睛直直地望着我：So, you want to switch seats?那么，你想交换座位，是吗？
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