2019-2020年高中英语 Unit1 短文改错解题技巧指导教案 译林牛津版必修4.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit1 短文改错解题技巧指导教案 译林牛津版必修4短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一通篇阅读语篇,整体把握短文意思,始终以理解为主线,以上下文为依据找出句中的错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其正确与否，错误何在，故必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句或者对该行作出判断。二以句为单位，找行中错误，开始答题时要把每一行都看成有错来判断（错词、多词、缺词），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。具体解题过程中，应该注意把握下列几个方面的一致问题：一)时态一致对时态的考查是历年高考短文改错题必考的考点之一,一般为一到两题.主要检查考生是否具有判断短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文、特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致的能力。例1 I remembered her words and calm down.(NMET00)根据上文中的 remembered 得知 时间是在过去，所以 calm 的时态应与上文保持一致，应该改为 calmed。例2Time passes quickly. Evening came. (NMET03)通篇的时态是过去时，所以应把passes改为passed. 二)主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。例1Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET00)my picture and the prize是 复数 ，其谓语也应该用复数。这里的is 应改为are。 例 2Their word were a great encouragement to me.(NMET03) 此句的主语word与谓语明显不一致，应将 word改为words. 此题也是由谓语反过来判断主语，是不是现在出题的一种趋向，笔者不敢妄下结论 。 三)平行一致not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor，not but以及and, but, or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性、时态、短语等形式须保持前后一致。例1. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (NMET02)依据平行一致原则，此处非谓语动词 visiting应与前后文的fed ,told保持一致，改为visited. 例2I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (NMET03) 此句中的should应删除，并列连词and前后的形态应该一样，与前文followed 保持时态上的平行一致。put过去式和原形一样。例3I liked it very much and reads it to the class.(NMET03)此句and前后应一致,read 和like的时态是一样的，应改为 read四)数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致例 1On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(NMET02)由上下文得知拍了许多照片应该用take pictures ，应把 picture改为pictures.例 2She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(NEMT00)my schoolmate应该不止一个。所以要把schoolmate改为schoolmates. 五)修饰语与中心词的一致 句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。 例 1so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.(NMETxx) all 修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。 例 2What things are in other homes, I wonder.(NMET01) 这里应该找一个词作状语，修饰整个句子，意为“我想知道其他家庭是怎样的？”此时应 找副词How才可保持一致。 六) 代词数、性、格的一致 用于指代的各类代词应在数、性、格上与上下文保持一致。例 1The three of them were arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NEMT02) 此短文以第一人称叙述，三个人指my parents and I, 所以不应该用 them 而要用us.例 2It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (NMET02) 这里考查限制性定语从句。先行词noon在从句中作时间状语， 应加when指代上文的noon . 七)语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。例1Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT94) 与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改 为kept。 例 2 . My father has little time for films .But one day as he was finished his work, he found a film ticket under the glass on the desk. Father 与finish之间是主动关系。应把was 去掉。 八)搭配一致 句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。例1 I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET 00) 后跟从句，保持一致须用sothat结构这一固定搭配。as改 为that. 例2 . My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (NMET03) keep a diary 是固定搭配， 应把改为 a。例 3Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(NMET03)enjoy doingexpress oneself是固定搭配。应把talk改为 talking; me 改为myself 以上为正面考固定搭配，有时考题恰恰利用我们对固定搭配的思维定势来扰乱我们的思路，反面考固定搭配。如：例 4.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(NMET02)at the moment为固定搭配，学生误认为是正确的，其实 the moment是名词短语引导的状语从句。所以要把 at 去掉。同理：We may be one family and live under the same roof ,but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together(MENT01) 应把about去掉。The time passed quickly .Evening came down.把down去掉。 九)逻辑一致这是一种隐蔽性较强且常考的考点之一，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 e 与go 等。例 1She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET00) 上下文看，应为She-my English teacher微笑且点头鼓励 我，but 应为and。 例2I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English(NMET03)从上文可知, 我总是用汉语思考再把一切译成英语。所以应把 anything 改为everything. 总之，只要同学们掌握解题技巧，认清以上九个一致.短文改错将会和其它题型一样可以取得优异的成绩。下面就让我们来实战一下：Today is No Tobacco Day. I hoped that smokers will give up 1. _smoking from now on. Smoking cigarette can lead to heart 2. _disease, cancer and the other health problems. As we know now, 3. _it does great harm only to smokers themselves, but to those 4. _who doesnt smoke. It is reported that at least three hundred and 5. _twenty thousand Americans killed by smoking each year. 6. _And about 40 million of Americans continue to smoke cigarettes today.7. _Fortunately, more and more people have e to realize the dangerous8. _of smoking and begin to stop it. As a student, you shouldnt form 9. _such a bad habit. Do make your mind to stop smoking if you have10. _started smoking. 高考链接Sunny countries are often poor. A shame, then, that solar power is still quite expensive. Eight19, a British pany by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to get round this. In return for a deposit of around $10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity, a battery that can deliver a three amp（安培） current to store this electricity, and a lamp whose bulb is a light-emitting diode（二极管）. The firm thinks that this system, once the battery is fully charged, is enough to light two small rooms and to power a mobile-phone charger for seven hours. Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.The trick is that, to be able to use the electricity, the systems keeper must buy a scratch cardfor as little as a dollaron which is printed a reference number. The keeper sends this reference, plus the serial number of the household solar unit, by SMS to Eight19. The panys server will respond automatically with an access code to the unit.Users may consider that they are paying an hourly rate for their electricity. In fact, they are paying off the cost of the unit. After buying around $80 worth of scratch cardswhich Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 monthsthe user will own it. He will then have the option of continuing to use it for nothing, or of trading it in for a bigger one, perhaps driven by a 10-watt solar cell.In that case, he would go then through the same process again, paying off the additional cost of the upgraded kit at a slightly higher rate. Users would therefore increase their electricity supply steadily and affordably. According to Eight19s figures, this looks like a good deal for customers. The firm believes the average energy-starved Kenyan spends around $10 a month on oilenough to fuel a couple of smoky lampsplus $2 on charging his mobile phone in the market-place. Regular users of one of Eight19s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it pletely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper. 41. The underlined word “get round” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _ .A. make use of B. e up with C. look into D. deal with 【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。make use of利用； e up with想出； look into调查； deal with处理。根据solar power is still quite expensive及Eight19, a British pany by Cambridge University, has, however, invented a novel way to因为太阳能仍然很贵，所以Eight19发明了一个新的方法来解决这个问题，故选D。 42. What should the user do when the electricity in the battery is used up?A. Buy a scratch card. B. Recharge it outside.C. Buy another solar cell.D. Return it to the pany.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Then, next day, it can be put outside and charged back up again.可知没有电了，你可以把它放在外面重新充电，故选A。43. How much would users pay for the cell and scratch cards before they own a 2.5-watt solar cell?A. Around $10. B. Around $80. C. Around $90. D. Around $180.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章1,3段After buying around $80 worth of scratch cardswhich Eight19 expects would take the average family around 18 monthsthe user will own it. 和In return for a deposit of around $10 it is supplying poor Kenyan families with a solar cell able to generate 2.5 watts of electricity可知在你拥有这些之前，你要花费90元。故选C。44. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A. Kenyan families would find it difficult to afford the solar cellB. using the solar cell would help Kenyan families save money C. few Kenyan families use mobile phones for lack of electricityD. the pany will make a great profit from selling solar cells 【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段The firm believes the average energy-starved Kenyan spends around $10 a month on oilenough to fuel a couple of smoky lampsplus $2 on charging his mobile phone in the market-place. Regular users of one of Eight19s basic solar units will spend around half that, before owning it pletely. Meanwhile, as the cost of solar technology falls, it should get even cheaper.可知这样做会让太阳能的成本降低，会给肯尼亚的人来到好处。故选B。45. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?A. Solar Energy: Starting from Scratch.B. Eight19: a creative British pany.C. Kenyan Families: Using Solar Energy for Free.D. Poor Countries: Beginning to Use Solar Energy.【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章主题段第一段内容可知本文讲述的是Eight19,这家英国的公司所采用的使用太阳能的一种新的方法，故选A。