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9,句子的成分 （ Sentence Element）,英语句子由若干个词组成，而一个词或由若干个词组成的词群根据其在句中所起的作用被划分成若干个部分，叫做句子的成分。,英语句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语。,根据英语语言的特征，这些成分可以由不同词性的词、动词非谓语形式或从句来充当。,1,主语 （ Subject ）,什么人,主语,谓语,宾语,定义：主语是被陈述或被说明的对象。 主语是句子叙述的主体。,特点：主语经常由名词、代词、名词性短语、动词非谓语形式或起名词作用的其他词类或从句担任；一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。,Jennys brother met an old friend in the street.,干,什么事,1,谓语 （ Predicate ）,定义：被陈述或被说明的对象的行为，说明主 语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。,特点：谓语主要由动词或动词短语担任，有时也可由系动词加一个表语（Predicative）构成复合谓语，一般位于主语之后。,Jennys brother met an old friend in the street.,什么人,谓语,干,什么事,谓语：简单谓语 复合谓语,Kates uncle lives in a village.,a. 由情态动词、助动词+动词原形构成复合谓语。 You ll miss the early bus if you dont hurry.,系动词,表语,简单谓语：不论何种时态、语态、语气，凡由 一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。,简单谓语,复合谓语:,b. 由系动词+表语构成复合谓语。 London is the capital of England.,合成谓语,1,表语 （ Predicative ）,特点：表语在系动词后面与系动词一起构成复合谓语。表语可以由形容词、名词、代词、不定式、分词充当。,London is the capital of England. The girl was tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.,系动词,表语,定义：表语说明主语的状态、性质等。,常用的系动词有：be动词, become, turn, go, get, grow,感官动词: look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem。,e.g. It gets (系动词) warmer and warmer.(表语) It smells(感官动词) nice.(表语),1,宾语（ Object ） 宾语补足语(Object Complement),特点：宾语位于及物动词或介词之后， 可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等充当。 构成宾语的代词必须是宾格形式 。,They did everything to save the workers life.,什么人,主语,谓语,宾语,干,什么事,定义：宾语表示或说明动作的对象或承受者。,c. They told me to go there by taxi. (宾语) (宾补),宾语,简单宾语,双宾语直接宾语和间接宾语,复合宾语宾语+宾语补足语,a. They did everything to save the workers life. （简单宾语）,b. His father bought him a new bike yesterday. (间宾) （直宾）,定语 （ Attribute ）,特点：定语可以由名词、形容词或起名词和形容 词作用的词、短语充当。,定义：定语用于描述名词、代词、短语或从句的 性质、特征、范围等情况。,如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面； Youll miss the early bus if you dont hurry.,b. 如果被修饰词是不定代词，定语放在其后面； I have something important to tell you.,c. 如果词组、句子作定语则放在被修饰词的后面。 The meeting on Friday was put off because of the heavy rain.,(前置定语),(后置定语),(后置定语),1,状语 （ Adverbial Modifier ）,状语在句子中的位置 ： 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首； 频度副词often, usually, always, sometimes, never程度副词almost, hardly, seldom通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。,定义：状语用以修饰动词、形容词和复词，起修饰和限 定作用。,特点：状语修饰动词、形容词和复词或全句，一般由副 词充当，也可以用从句来说明方式、结果、条件、 时间、地点、让步、原因、目的等。,1.Jennys brother met an old friend in the street. 2.His father bought him a new bike the day before yesterday. 3.The meeting on Friday was put off because of the heavy rain. 4.They did everything to save the workers life. 5.The girl was tall enough to reach the book on the shelf. 6.They told me to go there by taxi. 7.He has a good memory though he is old. 8.Youll miss the early bus if you dont hurry.,（地点状语）,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（方式状语）,（让步状语从句）,（条件状语从句）,Have a try!,EXERCISES,Write out the sentence element of the underlined part:,The students got on the school bus. He handed me the newspaper. I shall answer your question after class. What a beautiful Chinese painting! They went hunting together early in the morning.,主语,宾语,谓语,直接宾语,谓语,定语,时间状语,His job is to train swimmers. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. The teacher asked the students to close the windows. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him.,表语,宾语,原因状语,复合宾语,结果状语从句,Do you know the latest news about him? Could you tell me when you will leave England? She asked me if she can borrow the science book. If Tom studies harder, he can pass the maths exam. Who won first prize last year? They often communicate with each other by phone.,介词宾语,宾语从句,条件状语从句,宾语从句,主语,方式状语,The end,
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