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选修10 Units 34,扣考纲话题诵读,固考基教材梳理,课后限时检测,析考点重难突破,话题31 社会 话题词汇 【常见单词】 1virtue n美德 2action n行动 3reputation n名声 4donate v捐助 5defeat v战胜 6insist v坚持,7urge v催促，强烈要求，竭力主张 8aggressive adj.有进取心的 9distinguished adj.杰出的 10indifferent adj.不关心的 【常见短语】 1in the face of 面对 2in need 在贫困中的；在危难中的 3rather than 而不是 4come across 偶遇 5spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力做某事,经典语篇 【写作要求】 (2014河南省豫东、豫北十所名校高三英语阶段性测试)请先仔细观察并描述下面的漫画，然后针对这一社会现象写一篇短文，反映人们对此现象的不同观点并简要陈述自己的观点。,注意：1.词数100左右； 2开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数； 3可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 What should you do if an old man falls down right under your nose？_ _,【参考范文】 What_should_you_do_if_an_old_man_falls_down_right_under_your_nose? An old man suddenly fell to the ground in a faint just in front of the boy.Many people crowded round but nobody would help the old man up.Most people encouraged the boy to help the man，while some of them thought the boy shouldnt give a hand because he was likely to get himself into trouble since the old man or his family might insist that he knocked down the old man.Even worse，some urged the boy to leave immediately.,The boy was troubled by the question whether he should help the old man or not. In my opinion，helping others is a traditional Chinese virtue.We must give a hand to the old and at the same time we must protect ourselves from being involved in trouble.,一试身手 【句型转换】 1将句型改为两个句子。 Most people encouraged the boy to help the man，while some of them thought the boy shouldnt give a hand. _ _since the old man or his family might insist that he knocked down the old man.,Because,they thought he was likely to get himself into trouble,2将句型改为复合句。 Even worse，_ _. 【完成句子】 1我们强烈要求立即采取有力措施。 We_ immediately.,some urged that the boy should leave,immediately,urge powerful action to be taken,2我们与其在礼堂里开会， 不如在教室开会。 Well have the meeting in the classroom_. 3我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 I _a group of children playing.,rather than in the hall,came across,一、单词速览 1._vt. 使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；夹住，卡住 n. 陷阱，圈套；困境 2_ n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象 vt. 怀疑(某人有罪)；怀疑(某事属实或可能发生，尤指坏事) 3_ vt.& n. 要求，请求 4_ vt. 使成为必要，牵涉，涉及，(使)参加,trap,suspect,request,involve,5_ vt.& vi. 补偿，弥补，给(某人)赔偿 6. _ adj. 突然的，意外的；粗鲁的 _ adv. 突然地 7. _ n. 预防，防止 _ vt. 阻止；阻碍 8. _ vi.& vt. (使)结束；下结论；推断 _ n. 结论 9. _ n. 生理反应，副作用；回应，反应 _ vi. 反应,compensate,abrupt,abruptly,prevention,prevent,conclude,conclusion,reaction,react,10_ vt.& vi. 商定；谈判，协商 _ n. 谈判 11_ n. 申请者 _ v. 申请；应用 12_ adj. 体贴的，为他人着想的 _ adj. 相当多的 _ v. 考虑，认为 13_ vt. 进口，输入，引进 n. 进口，输入；进口产品 _ (反义词)出口，输出,negotiate,negotiation,applicant,apply,considerate,considerable,consider,import,export,14_ vt. 检查，视察 _ n. 检查，视察 15_ adj. 无知觉的 16_ adj. 冒犯的，极其讨厌的；攻击性的 17_ adj. 额外的；另外的 _ vt. 添加，增加，相加 18_ n. 合作 19_ vt. 删去，删除 20_ adj. 真品的，正宗的；真实的；逼真的,inspect,inspection,unconscious,offensive,additional,add,cooperation,delete,authentic,【看单词，学构词】 在单词8.conclusion一词中，sion是常见的名词后缀。在英语构词法中，sion, ssion表示“行为；性质”。课标中常见词汇，例如：decision, expansion, depression 等。 二、短语快译 1. _ 突然出现 2_消除，去除 3_再，重新 4_使生效，实施 5_用完，耗尽 6_此外，而且,burst on the scene,wipe away,over again,put into effect,run out of /use up,in addition,7_与相反 8_向某人骗取某物 9_调低(音量)，拒绝 10_ (与)合作；联合 11_因而失去某人 12_与有关 13_对憎恨 14_首先,contrary to,cheat sb.of sth.,turn down,join forces,lose sb.to.,be related to,have a hatred for,in the first place,15_做有困难 16_同意；订阅 17_应用于 18_面临 19_充当 20_警告某人某事,have difficulty in doing,subscribe to,apply to,be faced with,act as,warn sb.of sth.,三、句式构建 1with复合结构 HIV is spreading across the world at a high rate，_. HIV在全球的传播速度非常快，每天大约有7 000人感染这种病毒。,with about 7,000 people catching the virus daily,2when引导时间状语从句 The work of international organizations is even more important _ _.当考虑到这一形势会变得有多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。,when you consider how much more severe the,situation could become,3不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 These phrases_if they were not abbreviated.如果不缩写的话，这些短语将会很难用。 4could have done表示“有可能做过某事” How do you know it was me？It _.你怎么知道是我呢？有可能是别人。,would be difficult to use,could have been anyone,解析8个考纲单词 1conclude vi.& vt.(使)结束；下结论；推断 (教材P41)To conclude，Aids education is the best way to protect ourselves from this terrible disease.总之，艾滋病教育是保护我们免受这种疾病侵袭的最好方法。 conclude sth.with/by doing sth. 以结束 conclude sth.(from sth.)that. (由)推断出，断定 draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后,We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。 What can you conclude from these observations? 你从这些观察中能得出什么结论？ He thought it over，but could come_to_no_conclusion. 他仔细考虑了，但没能得出结论。 In_conclusion he wished us every success in our work.最后，他祝我们工作顺利。,高考链接 (2013浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to _ it with important points. Aconclude Blead Cavoid Dhold 【解析】 句意：小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。conclude(使)结束，conclude.with以结束，符合题意。lead领导，引领；avoid避免，回避；hold容纳，举行。其中nearing its end为重要信息提示。 【答案】 A,2reaction n生理反应，副作用；回应，反应 (教材P46)Even a small amount of it is enough to slow the brain and the bodys reactions，and heroin users usually become addicted and begin a downward slide after only a few uses of the drug. 即使少量的海洛因就足以使大脑和身体的反应变慢。吸食海洛因者通常会上瘾，吸食几次就会落到成瘾的地步。,in reaction to 对的反应 reaction against 抗拒；对反抗 react to 对起反应；对(食物等)有不良反应 react against sb./sth. 反抗、对抗某人/某事 Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes. 孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。,Does he react_to the sounds around him? 他对周围的声音有反应吗？ A spokesman said the changes were not in_reaction_to the companys recent losses.一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而做出的反应。,3trap vt.使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；夹住，卡住 n陷阱，圈套；困境 (教材P47)While in the beginning some people may even enjoy abusing drugs，in the end drug users find themselves trapped in a prison from which they cannot escape.尽管开始时，一些人甚至可能会享受滥用毒品，但最终吸毒者发现他们被困在一所他们无法逃脱的牢狱里。,be trapped in 被困在 trap sb.into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事 fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进陷阱 She was trapped in the burning house. 她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。 Dont try to trap_me_into_thinking.别引诱我去思考。,4involve vt.使成为必要；牵涉，涉及；(使)参加 (教材P50)Fighting this kind of crime，which is called cybercrime，requires great effort and involves many countries working together. 打击被称为网络犯罪的这种犯罪，需要极大的努力并牵涉到各国的通力协作。 involve.in 使牵连进去；使陷入 involve.with 和混在一起；和有密切联系 be/get involved in 卷入；参与；涉及到,Dont involve yourself in activities which waste time. 不要参加那些浪费时间的活动。 Dont involve yourself with those people. 别与那些人混在一起。 In addition to my studies，I got_involved_in lots of extracurricular activities. 除了学习以外，我参加了许多课外活动。,高考链接 (2013福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students. Aenjoys Binvolves Cpractices Dsuggests,【解析】 首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。enjoy表示“享受，喜欢”；involve表示“需要，包括，涉及，牵涉”；practice表示“练习，实践”；suggest表示“建议”。由题干中的关键信息a job以及spending.time.可知此处应填involve，意为“需要”。句意：米歇尔找到了一份中学老师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。 【答案】 B,5suspect n嫌疑犯，可疑对象 vt.怀疑(某人有罪)；怀疑(某事属实或可能发生，尤指坏事) (教材P51)In addition，most countries do not have arrangements for dealing with suspects from other countries.并且，大部分国家并没有应对来自其他国家的嫌疑犯的准备 suspect sb./sth. 怀疑某人/某事 suspect sb.of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that. 怀疑,(2013江苏高考阅读理解C)He suspects that it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 他怀疑是其他动物的进化导致了这种变化。 She suspected_him_of_taking her money. 她怀疑他拿了她的钱。,6request vt.& n要求，请求 (教材P57)Visitors are requested to shut the door quietly when leaving the building. 要求拜访者在离开大楼时轻轻地关上门。 (1)make a request for 要求， 提出请求 at the request of sb. at sb.s request 应某人的要求,(2)request sth. from/of sb. 向某人请求某物 request sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事 It is requested thatclause 要求从句用(should)动词原形 【温馨提示】 request后面跟名词性从句时， 从句中的谓语动词用“(should) do”结构。类似的动词还有propose, recommend, suggest, advise, require, order, demand等。,Whenever I go out, my mother requests me to come back before 10 oclock at night. 无论我什么时候出去， 妈妈都要求我晚上十点以前回家。 Now I come here at_the_request_of_Mr. Smith to assist him in finishing the work. 现在我来这里是应史密斯先生的要求， 协助他完成这项工作。 Mary made a request that I (should)_help_her_with her English. 玛丽要求我帮她学英语。,7negotiate vt.& vi.商定；谈判，协商 (教材P51)It is also important to draft new laws and negotiate international standards for fighting cybercrime.起草新的法律并商讨打击网络犯罪的国际标准也很重要。 negotiate an agreement/a contract 商定协议/合同 negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判/协商,Weve decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claims. 我们已经决定和雇主谈判关于我们的工资要求。 We hope to negotiate_a_successful_agreement_with the board of the directors. 我们希望与董事会谈判顺利，达成协议。,高考链接 (2011湖北高考)The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but well never _ with criminals.” Anegotiate Bquarrel Cargue Dconsult 【解析】 negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议，咨询。句意：部长说：“我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。 【答案】 A,8compensate vt.& vi.补偿，弥补；给(某人)赔偿 (教材P63)Remember that companies expect to be compensated for their material，and that they will not simply accept an apology.我们应该记住，许多公司期待着给他们的版权资料付费，他们不会简单地接受道歉。 compensate for 对于补偿，为补偿 make compensation for 弥补 in compensation for. 作为的补偿,They strongly demand that you compensate for the loss.他们强烈要求你方赔偿损失。 They had to make_compensation_for all wrongful exactions.他们必须对各种非法勒索给予赔偿。,高考链接 (2014江苏高考)Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies. Achased Bregistered Coffered Dcompensated 【解析】 本题考查语境选词。句意：大学的优秀毕业生被各大公司_。chase追逐，追求；register登记，注册；offer提供；compensate补偿，赔偿。大学的优秀毕业生(top graduates)显然是各大公司竞相追逐(chase)的目标。 【答案】 A,单词对点集训 .单词拼写 1He _(结束)his speech with a slogan. 2It is difficult to predict his _(反应)because he is so moody. 3He sets down all the facts _(有关的) 4The _(嫌疑犯)was taken to the police station for questioning.,5You will have to _(赔偿)us for the loss. 6He must have spotted the _ (陷阱) 7He _(请求)his friend to go with him. 8Ill _(谈判)with a foreigner. 【答案】 1.concluded 2.reaction 3.involved 4suspect pensate 6.trap 7.requested 8.negotiate,.单项填空 1Her lawyers said she should be _ both for her injuries and for the suffering she had been caused. Apaid Bcompensated Csuspected Dsubmitted 【解析】 句意：她的律师们说她应在伤害和因此所造成的痛苦两方面得到赔偿。compensate “补偿，赔偿”，符合句意。 【答案】 B,2From the evidence I must _ that you are wrong. Adraw Bconclude Cassume Dreserve 【解析】 句意：从证据看，我敢断定你错了。conclude断定；reserve预定，保留；assume假设，假定；draw吸引，得出，故选B项。 【答案】 B,3(2014邵阳调研)Bob doesnt like the idea of his wife _ in that affair. Abeing involved Binvolving Cinvolved Dto be involved 【解析】 of 的宾语是his wife involving. 【答案】 B,4He is suffering an allergic _ a drug. Areact to Breaction to Creacting in Dreaction against 【解析】 句意：目前他正遭受对某药物过敏反应的痛苦。 【答案】 B,5(2014镇江模拟)The newlyfounded chess club formally _ us to attend the opening ceremony. Arequested Brequired Cdemanded Dcommanded 【解析】 句意：新成立的国际象棋俱乐部正式请求我们参加开幕式。request常用于正式场合的请求。 【答案】 A,6Mary is facing the _ of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves. Atrick Bcase Cfashion Dtrap 【解析】 句意：玛丽面临服从父亲还是嫁给自己爱的人这一困境。trap “困境”，其余三项无此意。 【答案】 D,7It is difficult to _ where neither will trust. Adebate Bfight Cconsult Dnegotiate 【解析】 句意：双方彼此不信任便很难进行协商。debate辩论，争辩；negotiate谈判；consult商议，咨询；fight斗争，战斗。 【答案】 D,分析3个高考短语 1wipe away 消除，去除 (教材P47)While they cannot wipe away the stain of the past，they can certainly move forward.尽管他们不能消除过去的污点，但他们肯定可以继续向前。 wipe sth.off sth. 从除掉(或抹掉) wipe out 抹去；彻底摧毁,I cannot but wipe away my tears and change the tune of my song.我只能擦去眼泪改变歌的曲调。 An unexpected legacy enabled him to wipe_off the debt on his house.一笔意外的遗产使他偿还了他在住宅上所欠的全部债务。 Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe_out cancer.医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。,2put into effect 使生效，实施 (教材P62)One of the conditions of belongings to the organization is that these laws must be put into effect by member countries.加入该组织的条件之一就是这些法律必须在成员国生效。 have an effect on 对有影响 take effect 生效，起作用 in effect 实际上，正在实行，有效,carry/bring into effect 使生效，使起作用 come/go into effect 生效，实施 He will see to it that your plans are quickly put into effect.他将确保你的计划会很快地被实施的。 The new regulations will take_effect tomorrow. 新的规定明天开始生效。 The old tax regulations will remain in_effect until next June.旧税法到明年六月前仍然有效。,3lose sb.to.因为而失去某人 (教材P35)According to the World Health Organization(WHO)，more than 4 million children have died of Aids，and more than 15 million children have lost their parents to Aids.根据世界卫生组织的统计，已有超过四百万的儿童死于艾滋病，超过一千五百万的儿童由于艾滋病失去了父母。,lose to/against sb. 负于某人 lose touch with 失去联系 lose ones balance 失去平衡 lose sight of 看不见 lose oneself in 全神贯注于 lose to ones opponent 败给对手 lose ones memory 失忆 lose ones breath 喘不过气来 lose ones way 迷路 lose control of 失去控制,Lost in the book，he didnt notice my coming. 埋头于读书，他没有注意到我进来。 While crossing the narrow bridge，he suddenly lost_his_balance and fell into the river. 在过窄桥时，他突然失去平衡掉进了河里。,短语对点集训 .选词填空 be familiar with；wipe away；contrary to；on the scene；suck the life out of；put into effect；join forces；cheat.out of.；keep up with；fight against 1The theme park you _ is Disneyland. 2The police arrived _ shortly after the accident. 3He _ the old woman _ her money. 4They _ the girls tears and comforted her.,5To my disappointment，the results were _ my expectation. 6Cancer _ his mother now. 7In order to drive the enemy out，the parties _. 8Now，many countries _ AIDS. 9These suggestions were adopted and _. 10Come on，Tony！Try to _ Mike.,【答案】 1.are familiar with 2.on the scene 3cheated；out of 4.wiped away 5.contrary to 6.is sucking the life out of 7.joined forces 8.are fighting against 9.put into effect 10.keep up with,.单项填空 1(2014定远模拟)How would you suggest to the president that your recommendations be _？ Aput into effect Baffected Chaving an effect on Dinto effect 【解析】 句意：你将如何向总裁说明你的建议应当实施？put into effect使生效，实施。 【答案】 A,2How I would love to be able to hold my kids，_ their tears，share their dreams. Awipe off Bwipe out Cwipe away Dwipe over 【解析】 句意：我多想能够抱起我的孩子，擦干他们的眼泪，分享他们的梦想。wipe off从上擦掉；wipe out勾销，去除；wipe away擦掉，故选C项。 【答案】 C,3I must find someone to _ a deputy for me during my absence. Aact for Bact on Cact like Dact as 【解析】 句意：我必须找一个人，在我离开期间代理我的职务。act for 为某人去做某事；act on 按照(劝告、指标、原则等)行事，对发生作用，对产生影响；act as意思是“充当”、“担任”；act like意思是“行为像”、“举动像”。 【答案】 D,4Most students at school hope that they can _ activities that appeal to them after class instead of just doing their homework. Aapply for Bparticipate in Cstick to Dfocus on 【解析】 句意：在学校的大多数学生都希望下课后不写作业而是参加自己喜爱的活动。根据题意选B。 【答案】 B,5Mom，I lost _ diamond ring you bought for me as my birthday present. Could you keep _ eye out for it when you clean my bedroom? Aa；an Ba；the Cthe；an Dthe；the 【解析】 第一空表示特指，应用定冠词，第二空keep an eye out for sb. /sth.意为“留心或注意某人或某物”。 【答案】 C,剖析2个高考句型 1. HIV is spreading across the world at a high rate, with_about_7,000_people_catching_the_virus_daily. HIV正以很高的速度蔓延全世界， 每天大约有7 000人感染这种病毒。 句法分析：本句中用了with的复合结构“withn./pron. doing”在句中作状语。 with的复合结构可作定语或状语， 常见形式： with 宾语 形容词副词介词短语动词ing形式动词ed形式动词不定式等。,I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 With_the_meal_over,_we all went home. 吃完饭， 我们都回家了。 The soldier had him stand with_his_back_towards_his_father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站着。 With_a_lot_of_work_to_do,_he wasnt allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做， 他没有被允许外出。,2(教材P35)The work of international organizations is even more important when you consider how much more severe the situation could become. 当考虑到这一形势会变得有多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。 句法分析：本句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句；how引导名词性从句，作动词consider的宾语。 时间状语从句由when，as，which，after，before，till，until，as soon as，once，since，by the time，the moment等引导。,Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。 As_we_were_going_out，it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。 The_moment_I_heard_the_news，I hastened to the spot.我一听到信息，马上赶到了出事地点。,高考链接 (2012山东高考)He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. Aas Bif Cunless Dthough,【解析】 句意：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。if “如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless “除非”，引导条件状语从句；though “虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；as可引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)的时候，随着，一边一边”，故只有as符合句意。 【答案】 A,句型对点集训 .单项填空 1In Britain，packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning _ them. Aattach to Battaching to Cattached to Dto attach to 【解析】 在with复合结构中，health warning与宾语补足语attach to 之间构成被动关系。 【答案】 C,2_ he cant understand is _ his son doesnt like the school. He is very upset about this. AThat；why BWhy；that CWhat；why DWhether；that 【解析】 本句中有两个从句，前一个是主语从句，后一个是表语从句。understand缺宾语，选what，表语从句缺原因状语，选why。 【答案】 C,3Everything _ into consideration，they ought to have another chance. Ato take Btaken Cto be taken Dtaking 【解析】 everything taken into consideration是独立主格结构，意为“把一切考虑在内”。 【答案】 B,4(2014长沙市高三调研测试)The problem of raising workers salary is hard _. Ato be solved Bto solve Cto solving Dof solving 【解析】 be hard to do sth.，形容词hard之后只能接不定式的主动形式，不能接被动形式。 【答案】 B,5Peter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing _ he felt on top of the world. Awhen；who Bthat；that Cwhen；that Dthat；where 【解析】 考查连词。句意：皮特收到朋友邀请他去重庆游玩的邀请函时(when)，是如此高兴以至于(that)他感觉幸福到极点。再分析句子结构可知：when引导时间状语从句；另外还含有so.that.固定结构。 【答案】 C,.完成句子 1当我进去的时候，他正在工作。 He was working _. 2这个句子很容易翻译。 The sentence is easy _. 3这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。 Its difficult enough，but _. 【答案】 1.when I went in 2.to translate 3.it could have been worse,
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