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考情表解,从上表可以看出： 阅读的短文都是说明文。 其内容都是教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活。 短文长度在300词左右。, 大多有大标题、小标题、主题句，或有表示列举或顺序的词(如first, second, next, then, finally等)，结构清晰，层次分明，条理清楚，便于理解。 空格设置有可能在文首，包括要求选标题或主题句(体现主旨)，以及文中和文尾。标题一般为名词短语或祈使句。 七个选项通常按由短到长的顺序排列。,解题主要策略还是靠阅读攻阅读，也就是说，只有多阅读才能攻克阅读。 但是阅读的基础是词汇，理解句子的意思除词汇外，还得理清句子结构，既要有一定的语法基础，理解全文大意，还得理清篇章结构，了解作者意图，也就是要有语篇意识。,因此，在平时的阅读练习时，建议按以下方法去做： 先按高考规定的时间 (78分钟) 完成一篇阅读，养成限时阅读的习惯。 在阅读过程中，要培养和加强语法意识和语篇意识。, 将自己还没有掌握好的考纲词汇 (单词和短语) 抄在自己的 “生词簿” 上，抄后在当天或近日要复习七八次，以后抽时间常翻开看看。始终牢记：没有英语词汇，也就没有英语。在阅读中强化词汇，在词汇量增加的前提下，提高阅读能力！, 最好花十来分钟，透彻理解，将短文大声朗读两三遍。 虽说大量阅读，对中下成绩的同学来说，并不在于数量多，贵在坚持，每天一两篇足矣。重要的是按以上四条方法去做，凡是在阅读中遇到的 “生词”都必须设法牢记。,解答此题的关键是理解文章大意，了解行文结构，把握全篇文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。具体技巧有： 1.略读抓大意 快速浏览文章的标题和各个小标题，以及首尾段和每段首尾句，抓住文章和各段的大意;同时，把握作者思路，梳理文脉，摸清结构。,2. 读懂前后句 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选出正确答案。 3. 寻找线索词 词语复现或同现是语义衔接的重要手段，因此，在空白前后句中与选项中寻找原词复现或近义词复现，是对答案作出正确选择的好方法。这种方法在不能完全读懂句子意思的情况下，特别管用。,4. 留意关联词 关联词的作用是使句段之间衔接更紧密或过渡更自然，因此，在文中和选项中留意表示各种逻辑关系的关联词就显得非常重要。这些词主要有表示并列或递进关系的关联词，表示转折或让步关系的关联词，表示时间或因果关系的词，表示例证关系的词，表示顺序的first, second, finally等词。,5. 选择小标题 如果是要求选择小标题，可以根据另外标题的特征来判断本标题的特征，如其他标题是名词，就选名词，其他标题是祈使句，就选祈使句，这样可以大大缩小选择范围。 做完后，将答案填入空格，确保上下文之间逻辑通顺，意思贯通。,(注：2014年和2013年的全国新课标卷I和卷II的四篇题已用于配套的阅读理解微技能与新题型特训中，此处不再重复。) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。,A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,1. 2015课标卷 I,Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.,B 前句“信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为”是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust, 并进一步解释其含义“对某人寄托信任”，故选B，与前句为顺承关系。,Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal (背叛). Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust any more. 37 Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.,E 选项E“他们曾经受过严重伤害, 不能容忍这种事情再次发生”是上句“有时候人们就是不能再信任别人”的原因，也与下一句“这是可以理解的”有顺承关系。,38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well being.,A 选项A“学会真正信任你自己”与空格后的Having confidence in yourself是同义复现，上下句的语义衔接紧密。,39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.,C 空后三次出现victim一词, 与选项C中的victim形成原词复现。选项C“不要把自己当作受害者”起到总起本段的作用。,You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.,G 选项G“看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见”与下一句“相反, 这是一个健康的方式”形成转折关系。选项中的positive与下文的positive是原词复现。,A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time,1. 2015课标卷II,Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 16 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.,C 由空后“购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋”可知, 这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备, 这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情, 故选C。,When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 17 . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.,E 由空前“当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时, 穿着走动几天, 再次检查其舒适度”可知, 选项E中they指的就是前面提到的shoes, 属于指代一致，使其前后衔接紧密。,18 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 19 .,18. A 空前的“在第一周的时候, 不要考虑跑了多远, 但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟”与空后“休息一天是明智的”，可知剩余的就是6天，故选A。 19. D 由空格前“但是在接下来的一周, 制定每次至少跑1. 5英里的目标”与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。,After two weeks, start timing yourself. 20 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.,G 空前的“两周后, 开始给自己计时(timing)”与G项中的improving distance and time意义衔接。,A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down.,3. 2012课标卷,Kids health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 1 Some ways of dealing with stress like screaming or hitting someone dont solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better,C 该选项中的in different ways与下两句Some waysBut other ways是“总分”关系，衔接紧密。,Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.,F 前面谈到要联系“关心你的人”。而关心你的人除了你的“父母”或“亲属”等成年人外，也还有你的同龄人，即“朋友”。后一句的They正是指同龄人，故选F。另外，在(3)后的have support from adults and friends可以进一步说明此题选F。,(2) Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. 3,A 前面讲不要向自己出气，也就是不要把压力强加给自己，也就是要找人帮忙，让你度过艰难处境。,(3) Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business. 4 Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.,E 本段主题是“(3) Try to solve the problem”，空格后句又有solve it all，其中it指什么？当然是the problem，那problem又是什么呢？故选E。,(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary. Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 5,D 本题是文末，自然是总结，文的中心是对抗压力，这里应是通过四个步骤后压力没有了，你就感觉好了。再根据本段前句“如果你采取积极乐观的态度来度过难关，就有助于你感觉更好，甚至更快度过”，因此选D。,stressed adj. 感到有压力的 reach out to sb.联系某人 care about sb.关心/担心某人 trusted adj. 可信赖的 relative n. 亲戚，亲属 beloved adj. 心爱的 take it out on sb.向某人出气 tough adj. 困难的(difficult) get down to business言归正传 temporary adj. 暂时的 magic adj. 绝妙的，极好的,助读强化,4. 2011课标卷,A. Wise decisions. B. The value of money. C. Permit the child to choose between them. D. Tell your child why he can or cannothave certain things. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.,Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. _1_ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.,G 由空后的So可知，正确答案与空后句子存在因果关系，能构成这种关系的只有G，再说G项中的shows an interest在下句中重复出现，意义衔接紧密。,1. The basic function of money. Being explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. Its important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. _2_ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.,F 空前提到了让孩子自己交钱买玩具(toy)，而F中正好有toy一词，再将F代入该段，语义连贯。,2. Money lessons. Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. _3_ If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”,D 空前提到开放性的金钱教育课，代入D，语义连贯。,3. _4_ Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a producta name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.,A 本题要求选小标题，从前两个小标题来看，应是选名词短语，只能在A、B中选；由下文，特别是how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money 可知，是教会孩子如何作出明智的决定，故选A。,_5_ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.,C 因C中choose between them与空格前的make choices between意义相同，重复出现；另外，C中的the child与空格后的he, him也正好对应。,basic adj. 基本的；主要的 trade A for B用A换取B openness n. 公开 grocery n. 食品杂货(店) brand n. 品牌 make choices作出选择 save money节省钱 expensive adj. 贵的，奢华的 purchase n. 购买之物,助读强化,5. 2010课标卷,A. Show your true interest. B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions. E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas. F. You may also ask for clarification on the question. G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.,Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 1 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldnt have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?,D 由前一句“我汇报之后就请提问”和下句“我的第一反应就是防御性地回答(answer)”，请人提问当然就会“有许多问题”才会有下文的“回答”，也才会在这里问“如何有效回答(effectively answer questions)”, 故选D。,Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points._2_,G 由下文的几个小标题可基本判断是给对方准备下次会议提出一些建议或想法，故选G。, _3_ When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.,A 第3题显然是选小标题，根据下面两个小标题，可知是祈使句，只有选项A或B了; 读下文, 由show interest可知, 对别人提出的问题要表现出你很感兴趣，故选A。, Buy time. When facing a hard question, most people cant give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. _4_ These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.,F 本段主题是“拖延时间，以便争取时间(buy time)”，前句说“用自己的话重复那个问题”而下句“这些技巧”，可见要填的可能是“你也可以要求把这个问题说得更清楚(要别人重述)”,故选F。, Suggest a private meeting. A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. _5_,E 本段主题是“非公开会议”，一对一交流，“这也许能更有效地交换意见”，故选E。,6. 2009课标卷,A. Pick a place where your children can study properly. B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. C. Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying. D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too.,E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward. G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.,Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. _1_ Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.,G 由空格后“确定学习时间并且每天在同一时间学习，这有助于你的孩子安排好他们一天的时间”与选项G“设计一个他们坚持去做的时间表是让你的孩子养成良好学习习惯的好方法” 意义连贯。,Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. _2_ Ideal study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.,B 选项B “让他们按他们自己设计的时间表去做” 与上文联系紧密。,Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. _3_,E 选项E中的TV与上句中的television是原词复现，认真理解上句与选项，意思非常连贯。,Youll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After youve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing. _4_ Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.,A 选项A“选择一个你的孩子可以学习的地方”与“确保有桌子和舒适的椅子”联系紧密。,_5_ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.,C 由空格后“这包括有时帮助他们解决学习中的问题”可知“在他们学习期间，你要花一些时间跟他们在一起”，故选C。,7. 2008课标卷,A. Use words, not complete sentences. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.,Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. _1_Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.,G 由空后的second, 可知前面应是first, 故选G。,You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. _2_ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. _3_,2. E 因前段谈笔记的好处，接下来便是谈做笔记的方法；由空后“不论你什么时候记，也不管你如何记，要记住记笔记是一个选择性的过程”，可见前句是“你也可以培养自己记笔记的方法”，故选E。 3. F 由前句“选择的”过程，可知“首先要确定哪些重要，该记”，故选F。,The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. Write your notes in your own words. _4_,A 上句的方法是用自己的话，这一种方法就可能是不完整的句子。,Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. _5_,D 前句说“务必要明白你的符号，且要一直使用这些符号”，此句该是“否则，以后可能会不认识你记的笔记”，故选D。,8. 2007课标卷,A. Thats easy. B. Enjoy your own club! C. Invite a designer to join you. D. What are you interest in? E. Some vacation is just around the corner. F. Then you need to pick a name for your club. G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.,_1_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.,E 由本段末的during the school holidays 可知,作者建议在“某个假期即将到来时”你可以成立一个俱乐部，故选E。,The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _2_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _3_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.,2. D 由空后列的Pets, clothes, pop music 可知，看你对什么感兴趣，故选D。 3. A 根据后文“另外只需三四个跟你有相同兴趣的人”，当然是容易的事啦，故选A。,_4_ You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages. At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!,F 由后句write down every name可知，是要给俱乐部“取名”，故选F。,Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them. _5_ Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started youll think of loads of more interesting things to do!,G 由空前可知要做会员卡，空后作者建议留出空间放相片，也就是要对会员卡“特别设计”,故选G。,around the corner即将来临 loads of friends/money许多朋友/金钱,助读强化,9. 2012辽宁卷,A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.,How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend. _1_ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.,E 根据后面的But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.可知前面说的是一个过程对一些人来说很容易。故选E。,1. Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.,2. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. _2_ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.,C 由后面You can always start the conversation.可知，你要开始一个对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。故选C。,3. _3_ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friends together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.,B 根据后面的as these interests would always bring you and your friends together.要和朋友在一起做事。故选B。,4. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. _4_ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.,G 根据前面说不要通过电话、短信或亲自拜访给你的朋友施加压力，因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你会失去友谊，因此你要给你的朋友对你做出回应的时间。故选G。,5. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. _5_ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.,D 由前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔。故选D。,companionship n. 友谊 self-worth n.自尊 promote vt. 促进 process n.过程 associate with 联系 hang out 闲逛 fault n.缺点 react to 对作出反应,助读强化,10. 2011辽宁卷,A. Focus on the future. B. This can be especially harmful to the aged. C. It should be something like learning gardening. D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. E. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life-changing events. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.,Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a b
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