2019-2020年高中英语专项突破 完形填空 背景文化知识掌握能力.doc

2019-2020年高中英语专项突破 完形填空 背景文化知识掌握能力技能考查简介普通高中课程改革英语学科教学指导意见指出：高中英课程的总目标之一是培养学生的综合语言运用能力；语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力的基础。并因此而着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力。高中英语考试说明的命题要求明确指出：“完形填空考查学生的阅读理解能力和词汇的综合运用能力，所选语言材料要有利于考生进行语篇分析，要保证本大题有较好的区分度。”因此，高考完形填空题这种题型的设置是检验课程实施效果的方法之一。该题形要求高中生必须具备快速阅读理解一篇抽去相当数量词汇文章的内容领悟能力和分析推断能力，综合运用所学语法知识、词汇辨析能力，常识和逻辑推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交际意识和能力。具体考查技能如下：背景文化知识掌握能力：在完形填空中有时渗着相关的文化背景和生活常识等方面的知识，高中生已经掌握了丰富的跨文化背景知识和生活常识，具备了一定的判断能力。在做题时，要积极调动自己的跨文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异（九）背景文化知识及常识掌握能力背景文化知识及常识掌握能力：在完形填空中有时渗着相关的文化背景和生活常识等方面的知识，高中生已经掌握了丰富的跨文化背景知识和生活常识，具备了一定的判断能力。在做题时，要积极调动自己的跨文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异。e.g. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll.41. A. heightB. force C. skill D. weight【解析】考查背景文化知识。sat（坐），和 roll （滚动）这两个动作，结合常识, 能推断出，应该是由于体重的关系，才能导致坐下来的时候，轮椅会滚动，因此D为正常选项。一、小试牛刀： 1、For those people, he is Gloves Greenberg. How did he get that 18 ?18. A. jobB. nameC. chanceD. message2、.I thought he was going to ask for my fathers_ 40 _and call him. 40. A. help B. position C. number D. job 3、Panicking, she began to 51 .51.A. speakB. singC. sniffD. scream4、I was so _41_ that I slammed(砰的关上) the door and stepped out on the front porch.41.A .angryB. sorryC. frightenedD. ashamed5、We all lead _43_ lives and learning a language takes _44_. 43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place【答案解析】1、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。句意是：对于那些人来说，他是“Gloves Greenberg”，根据常识得知：这当然是一个名字。2、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。本句中后半句是and call him（给他/我父亲打电话），依照常识，打电话需要电话号码，故选C.number号码。3、【解析】D。考查文化生活常识及语境。此时她处于恐慌（panicking）状态，按照常识，会尖叫（scream），而不会是说话、唱歌或嗅味道。4、【解析】A。考查文化生活常识及语境。由slammed(砰的关上) the door and stepped out on the front porch.，按照常识生气才会砰的关上门，大不走到前门。而不会是难过，害怕和耻辱。5、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。学习一门语言当然需要花费时间（time）。其余三项和take搭配分别意为：鼓起勇气；消耗能量；发生。二、基础巩固： 1、We 26 hamburgers and Coca Colar at the counter.26. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded2、I _38_ my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again.38. A. pressedB. shookC. threwD. pulled3、To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said,“_41_yourself new hamburgers.41. A. Prepare B. Buy C. Find D. Cook 4、Yes, children do learn languages more _48_ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any _49_.48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school5、What? A cat ? The_ 50 froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.50. A. blood B. smile C. tear D. sweat【答案解析】1、【解析】A。考查文化生活常识及语境。“在柜台旁 ”，根据常识不是订快餐就是付款， 在选项中只有order有“点餐，订餐”之意。故选A。2、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据本句后面的heavily一词，由常识可以得知作者已经生气了，所以就把行李箱重重的扔到地上。3、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。前面提到handed us some cash（递给我们一些现金），根据常识，给钱就是为了买东西，所以是“告诉我们给自己买些新的面包吧”。故选B。4、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据生活常识解题，一般来说，小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快（quickly）。5、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，能在脸上冻结的，只能是 smile。故正确选项为B 。三、能力提高：1、The moment I arrived in Paris, I was 26 by a nice frence couple who would bee my host parents.26. A. sponsoredB. witnessedC. greetedD. supported2、I think my 38 started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my 39 and be left alone.38. A. education B. careerC. tourD. change39. A. balance B. homeworkC. degreeD. interest 3、Looking at her little home, she 55 that she had been living in her golden house filled with love and care. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her nose!55. A. imaginedB. decidedC. realizedD. guessed4、As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it.28. A. wave atB. drop offC. call onD. look for29. A. orderingB. promisingC. sayingD. showing30. A. in caseB. or elseC. as ifD. now that5、Hearing a horn （喇叭）nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend _ 52_ at me to get in. 52. A. staring B. laughing C. waving D. shouting【答案解析】1、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，到达某个地方后，应该是受到其他人的欢迎，A. sponsored 赞助；B. witnessed目睹；C.greeted迎接；D. 支持，故选项C才符合这个语境：他到达法国后，将成为他寄宿家庭的父母自然应该是去迎接他：。2、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据生活常识推理手段。上大学的目的，就是为了得学位，所以作者一开始，就只是为了拿学位，故选C。3、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据生活常识和上下文提示解题。这里指小女孩通过自己的亲身经历明白了一个道理，原来自己一直住在一座充满了关爱的金色的房子里。也就是她意识到了这一点，所以答案选择C。4、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，靠边停车，基本是为了让某人下车。wave at向. . .挥手；drop off让某人下车；call on号召； look for寻找。故选择 B 项。5、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，see看到的应该是动作，故只有C选项符合这个语境。四、终极挑战：1、They _41_ an environment where you can practice under the _42_ of someone whos good at the language.41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide42. A. control B. mand C. guidance D. pressure2、Diane Ray was pletely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气)if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels.36.A. eitherB. neitherC. nothingD. everything37.A. jumpB. lieC. spinD. sleep3、 47, the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48 smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49 of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.47. A. HoweverB. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore48. A. bitterB. forcedC. politeD. satisfied49. A. introductionB. discussion C. mentD. debate4、As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I _40_ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its _41_ and a basket rags and bottles on its back-carriage.40Anoticed Brecognized Ccalled Dassisted41Aback Bhandle Cwheel Dseat5、Then I had a 36 problem and had to go to hospital for a 37 examination. After I explained my 48 to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street , where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49 .36. A. physical B. traveling C. social D. housing37. A. scientific B. final C. previous D. Thorough48. A. idea B. motivation C. excuse D. situation49. A. appointment B. apartment C. direction D. Station 【答案解析】1、【解析】C。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，擅长语言的人someone whos good at the language是可以给人以指导的，故句意应为：传统的课堂提供（provide）一个环境，在其中你可以在某个擅长于这种语言的人的指导（guidance）下练习。其余三个选项分别意为：控制；命令；压力，均不符合语境。2、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据生活常识解题。小孩子耍脾气的时候，通常是又尖叫又踢脚又躺（lie）在地上用脚后跟敲打地面。其余三选项分别意为：跳跃；旋转；睡觉，均不符合题意。3、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，在圣诞节前，家里孩子最喜欢的就是讨论圣诞礼物。所以可知他们在谈论圣诞礼物。可推知本空B项discussion正确。4、【解析】B。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据常识，桶只能挂在自行车的把手上。故选择B 项。5、【解析】A。考查文化生活常识及语境。根据国外的文化背景，到医院去一般都要提前预约的。36空提到了作者去医院，故49空根据常识，可推出正确选项为A.