2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习基醇点聚焦Unit21HumanBiology北师大版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习基醇点聚焦Unit21HumanBiology北师大版选修1.windy adj.有风的2.rainy adj.下雨的3.foggy adj.有雾的4.changeable adj.易变的5.freezing adj.极冷的6.forecast v&n.预报7.umbrella n.伞8.sunny adj.晴朗的9.cloudy adj.多云的10.snowy adj.下雪的11.fine adj.晴朗的12.hazy adj.雾蒙蒙的13.strike v.袭击14.blow away吹走15.be likely to很可能16.global warming全球变暖 17.weather forecast/report天气预报18.make a difference有影响；有关系19.take action/measures to do sth.采取措施做某事20pared to/with和比起来1.The typhoon took the worst possible course in the city centre, leaving a trail of severe damage in its path.台风在市中心走过了最糟糕的路线，一路上造成了严重的破坏。2.The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨离开了，对庄稼造成了巨大的危害。3.Unfortunately, a great many people got injured in the earthquake.不幸的是，很多人在地震中受伤了。 (xx湛江一中高三月考)假定你是李华，7月4日下午，你所在的城市被强台风(typhoon)袭击。你的美国朋友Peter来信询问，你回信告知他本次台风相关的情况，写作要点如下：1.本次台风的大概情况；2.台风给你市造成的影响；3.灾后的重建工作。Dear Peter，Thanks for your concerns for us. Here is something you want to know.On the afternoon of July 4, a most powerful typhoon, with extremely strong winds and heavy downpours in its core, crashed into our city. The typhoon took the worst possible course in the city centre, leaving a trail of severe damage in its path. Even some people got injured by falling trees, broken rooftops and glass.The disaster has caused huge economic losses. Luckily, after the disaster, thousands of people and soldiers spared no effort at the relief and reconstruction work. Soon our city began to breathe again and everything returned to normal.Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua1interval n间隔；间歇2mineral n.矿物3swap vi.交换4supreme adj.(程度)最大的，极度的5doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的6privileged adj.荣幸的7ample adj.充足的，充裕的8scan n.扫描9storage n.储存10pause n.停顿；暂停11statistics n.统计资料；统计数字12symptom n.症状13parallel n.极相似之处；平行线14temporary adj.临时的；短暂的15teamwork n.协作；配合1seek vt.寻找2pulsory adj.强制性的，义务的3controversial adj.有争议的4treat vt.款待5postpone vt.推迟，延期6unite vt.联合；团结；统一7routine n.常规；惯例8foresee vt.预见9underline vt.表明重要性；强调10faith n.信心11decline vi.下降12deadline n.截止日期，最后日期13extension n.延期14circumstance n.情形；情况15abuse vt.滥用16vote vi.表决1circulate vi.循环circulation n循环2digest vt.消化digestion n消化3tolerate vt.容忍toleration n容忍；忍受tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的tolerance n宽容；容忍4fundamental adj.根本的；基础的fundamentally adv.根本上；基本上5annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的annually adv.一年一度地6oppose vt.反对opposition n反对；反抗opposed adj.反对的；相对的opposite adj.对面的；相反的7contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾contradictory adj.相矛盾的8violate vt.违反，违背violation n违背；违犯；违反9rebuild vt.重建build v建造10prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n禁止prohibitive adj.限制性的11rob vt.使丧失；抢劫robbery n抢劫12equip vt.使有准备equipment n装备；装备品13fortune n大笔钱财，巨款fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地14submit vt.提交submission n提交；呈递15concern n担心；担忧concerned adj.担心的concerning prep.关于 用所给词的适当形式填空1He went to America to make a fortune and he was fortunate enough to make much money.Unfortunately，his money was lost in a fire.(fortune)2The robbers robbed the old man of his bag and the police are looking into the robbery now.(rob)3The villagers are continuing to oppose the budget and they are also opposed to the governments new plan，but the people in towns hold the opposite view.(oppose)4There is a prohibitive tax on imports and in a way，some people are prohibited from importing goods and everyone must obey the prohibition(prohibit)5His parents cant tolerate his bad habit.Luckily，his aunt is tolerant of his lifestyle and he is thankful for her tolerance(tolerate)1in_vain徒劳，白费力气2at_random随便地，随意地3at_all_costs不管多大代价，无论如何4straight_away立刻，马上5wipe_out毁掉；彻底毁灭6stop_sth.in_its_tracks终止；消灭7rob_sb.of_sth.抢劫某人某物8at_any_rate无论如何；至少9get_down_to开始做10bring_up教育；抚养；呕吐11get_through通过(考试)；完成12clear_up整理；解释；澄清13put_off推迟；延期14miss_out遗漏；遗忘；错过机会15focus_on聚焦；集中；对准 选用上面的短语填空The robbers were arrested for 1.robbing a bank of a large money yesterday.They attempted to escape，but 2.in_vainThe authority said that such crimes were hard to tolerate and must be 3.wiped_outAt present，the police 4.have_got_down_to searching for some clues in some areas where robbers often appear.They say that they will not 5.miss_out any detail.1if引导状语从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的假设Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.【仿写】要是当初被邀请去晚会的话，她就不会去看电影了。She would not have gone to the cinema if_she_had_been_invited_to_the_party2have sth.done使某事被做In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.【仿写】我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。I usually get/have_my_clothes_washed on Sundays，but I dont wash my clothes myself.3rather than是一个并列连词，表示“而不是”The Olympic spiritthe spirit of petition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.【仿写】周末时，这个女孩喜欢出去走走而不是待在家里。The girl likes going out for a walk rather_than_staying_at_home at weekends.4sb./sth.be believed to.为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为是”Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.【仿写】袁隆平被认为是中国最著名的科学家之一。Yuan Longping is_believed_to_be one of the most famous Chinese scientists.条件句和混合条件句；表示推测的情态动词单句语法填空1If mother had_told(tell) me the truth，I wouldnt have made such mistakes.2If you had studied harder before，you would_be(be) a college student now.3I didnt hear the phone.I must have_been(be) asleep then.4I could have_worked(work) out the problem，but I was too careless.5The boy has failed again！He should_have_worked (work) harder last term. toleratevt.容忍；忍受；容许(教材P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.运动世界不能容忍使用兴奋剂，因为这是作弊的基本形式。(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.stand (sb.) doing sth.容忍/忍受(某人)做某事bear sb.doing/to do sth.忍受/容忍某人做某事put up with忍受； 容忍(2)tolerance n.宽容； 忍耐力tolerant adj.宽容的； 能耐的 I cant tolerate you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.我不能容忍你用这种无礼的方式和你母亲说话。 When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance.如果邻居想要彼此相处融洽， 他们必须要展示他们的宽容。 基础练习单句语法填空(1)Earth is letting mankind know that our waste and destruction will not be_tolerated(tolerate) any more.(2)Nobody can tolerate being_cheated(cheat), and thats why he has no friend.(3)(湖北高考)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.能力提升高考小作文(4)(广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中， 火星上的生活条件非常艰苦难以忍受。 In some experts opinion, living conditions on the Mars are_very_hard_to_tolerate seekvt.(sought，sought)寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员为寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备这样欺骗。seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物seek after/for sb./sth.寻求某人/某物seek to do sth.试图做seek ones fortune寻找出路，寻找成功或致富的机会seek out找出；寻出 (xx四川高考)Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams.你的生活足够忙于做作业、做运动、交朋友、追逐你的梦想。After seeking some useful advice from his father, he decided to bee a writer, which helped him make an amount of money.在征求了父亲的一些有用的建议后，他决定当一名作家。这一职业帮他赚了很多钱。The young man has been trying to seek out some ways to bee rich.Later，he decided to go to Hong Kong to seek his fortune.基础练习单句语法填空(1)Youd better seek advice from the doctors if these symptoms last more than a week.(2)Every year new graduates are always seeking for a job suitable for themselves.(3)(xx重庆高考)Besides，businesses seek to_appeal(appeal) to customers senses.能力提升单句写作(4)如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作， 但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。 Now a great number of college graduates are_seeking_to_get_a_highpaid_jobBut the number of posts available for them is often not enough. opposevt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(经典例句)A large number of people are opposed to the new rule in that area.那个地区的很多人反对这个新规定。(1)oppose doing sth反对做某事(2)opposed adj.反对的； 对立的be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事(3)opposite n.相反的人或事物adj.相反的； 对立的 Most pany bosses say they are opposed to employees working overtime.大多数公司老板说， 他们反对雇员加班。 基础练习单句语法填空(1)Strangely, Mr.Green, also opposed(oppose) to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.(2)Many old men are opposed to cutting(cut) down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding a shopping center.(3)(四川高考)Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite(oppose)能力提升单句写作/句式升级(4)因为很多人的反对， 政府延迟了这项新提案。The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were_opposed_to/opposed it.(5)用with复合结构改写句子With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to/opposing_the_new_proposal,_the_government_postponed_it. postponevt.推迟，延期(教材P37)I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.我决定不(像往常那样)推迟学习，并每天早上早起直接准备去学习。postpone doing sth.延缓做某事，推迟做某事postpone sth.until/to.把推迟到 The bad weather forced us to postpone our sports meeting.恶劣的天气迫使我们推迟了运动会。Lets postpone making the decision until we have more information.我们获得更多信息后再做决定也不迟。表示“推迟，延期”的单词或短语还有： delay/put off。巧学活用一句多译他们已经决定把婚礼推迟到下个月。(1)They have decided to_postpone their wedding until next month.(2)They have decided to_put_off their wedding until next month. prohibit vt.禁止，阻止(教材P38)Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止其将来再次爆发。(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事prohibit sb.s doing sth.禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n.禁止 Smoking is prohibited in all areas of the building in this city.在这个城市里，大楼所有区域都禁止吸烟。It was my family finances that prohibited me from going to college at the time. 当时是我的家庭经济状况不允许我上大学。我们学过的类似于“prohibit sb.from doing sth.”的表达法还有：prevent sb.from doing sth./keep sb.from doing sth./stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；protect sb.from保护某人不受伤害等。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)It is a rule prohibiting doctors from advertising(advertise) their services.(2)The prohibition(prohibit) order meant that the book could not be sold in this country.(3)Many firms prohibit smoking(smoke) in the office.(4)The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.(5)(xx天津高考)Please note that any prohibited(prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. declinevi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝，婉言谢绝n下降；衰退(xx广东高考)After all，many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.毕竟，很多老年人真正出现身体和精神上的衰退是在75岁以后。一词多义写出下列句中decline的词性及含义(1)I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.vt.谢绝(2)The pany reported a small decline in its profits.n下降(3)The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.vi.下降(4)Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.n衰退(1)be in decline处于下降/衰退中on the decline在下坡路上；在衰退/减少(2)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事decline by/to下降了/到 (1)表示“增加”的动词或动词短语常见的有：rise，increase，go up等；表示“减少”的动词或动词短语常见的有：fall，drop，decrease，go down，decline。(2)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)The minister declined to_ment(ment) on the accident.(2)Thankfully, this is a disease that is now on the decline.(3)Agriculture is in decline in many Third World countries.(4)(浙江高考)According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to_decline(decline) from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(5)The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% in xx to 50 million. equipvt. 使有准备；装备；配备(经典例句)Our classroom is equipped with some advanced multimedia teaching equipment.我们的教室里配备了一些先进的多媒体教学设备。(1)equip.with.用装备be equipped with装备着equip.for sth.为了而装备equip sb.to do sth.使某人准备好做某事(2)equipment n.U装备；设备a piece of equipment一件设备 The machine is equipped with security cameras and alarms.机器上安装了监控摄像头和报警器。The pany is badly in need of some new equipment.这个公司迫切需要一些新设备。基础练习单句改错(1)As far as I know, he equipped with much experience in teaching. he后加is(2)In our laboratory most of the equipments is from America. equipmentsequipment能力提升一句多译因为掌握了科学的农耕新方法， 因此， 他们比过去可以使用更少的农田进行耕种。 (3)They are_equipped_with new scientific farming methods, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(4)Equipped_with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(过去分词作状语) fortune n大笔钱财，巨款；财产；机会；运气(经典例句)Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making a fortune without hard work.现在在我们社会中， 有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。(1)make a fortune发财try ones fortune 碰运气(2)fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(3)fortunately adv.幸运地 It is said that Jack got a considerable personal fortune from his uncle.据说，杰克从他叔叔那里得到了相当大的一笔个人财产。You are fortunate indeed in having such a devoted daughter.你可真幸运，有这么孝顺的女儿。Good luck then. I hope you make a fortune.那么祝你好运，我希望你能赚大钱。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)I was fortunate(fortune) enough to have a very supportive family.(2)(xx北京高考)Fortunately(fortune)，Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.(3)Unfortunately(fortune) for him, his parents died when he was still a child.(4)It was fortunate(fortune) to escape from being injured in the accident.Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune.Fortunately he met and married his girlfriend there. votevi.表决；投票；选举n投票；票(xx江苏高考书面表达)People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for petitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher”and the “Cutest Baby”人们不仅能在网上给自己投票，还可以督促别人为像是“最美教师”和“最可爱宝宝”这样的比赛投票。(1)vote for/against投票赞成/反对vote to do sth.表决做某事(2)put.to the vote表决 China won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games because she got most votes.中国由于得到多数票而获得2022年冬奥会举办权。I thought the plan was very good，so I voted for it.我认为这项计划很好，于是我投了赞成票。I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman demurred to it.我建议对此事投票表决，但主席表示反对。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)The mittee voted to_ban(ban) alcohol from the concert.(2)To his disappointment, most of his colleagues voted against him. circumstancen环境；情形；情况(通常用复数形式)(经典例句)If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成为客观环境的受害者。in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；情况既然如此in/under no circumstances决不，无论如何都不(放句首时主句用倒装语序)in/under any circumstances在任何情况下 (xx福建高考)Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires.不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。It is amazing that they did so well under_the_circumstances.他们在那种情况下还做得那么好，真是令人惊奇。Under no circumstances will_we_agree to pull down the old house.在任何情况下我们都不会同意推倒这座老房子的。 at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何(经典例句)The young player was determined to win the match at all costs.这个年轻的运动员决定不惜一切代价赢得比赛。at the cost of以为代价at a cost of以的费用/价格at any cost(at all costs)以任何代价 He is too aggressive and we have to stop his plan at all costs.他太好斗了，我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他的计划。We are organizing a trip to London，at a cost of $15 per head.我们正在组织去伦敦的旅行，费用是每人15美元。巧学活用句型转换She saved him from the fire，but she lost her own life.She saved him from the fire at_the_cost_of_her_own_life wipe out毁掉；彻底毁灭；全部摧毁(教材P38)Epidemics can wipe out up to half of thepopulation in urban areas.流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。wipe sth.from/off.从擦去某物wipe away除掉；清除掉 We want to wipe out hunger in our country by the year 2020.我们要在2020年之前消除我们国家的饥饿问题。(xx浙江高考)Mom said, gently wiping_away my hot tears.“Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”妈妈温柔地擦去我的热泪，说，“你的篮子很特别，因为是你自己花钱买的。”The man stood up and wiped the dirt from the table.这个男的起身，把桌子上的脏东西擦掉。 at any rate无论如何；至少；不管怎样(教材P137)If trends continue the way theyre going，then in my opinion，yesin developed countries at any rate.如果趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of以的速度或比率；以的价格 They both agree with mewell，at any rate，Mary does.他们两人都同意我的意见，不管怎样，玛丽是同意的。The animals are dyingat a rate of three an hour.这些动物正在以每小时3只的速度死亡。 (教材P34)In the future，athletes who have their genes changedmight be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变基因的运动员可能在8秒内跑完100米或不到两小时就能跑完马拉松。have sth.done 中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，有时也可以用get sth.done来替换。该结构的意思是：使某事被做，请人做某事，遭遇不幸的事。have sb./sth.doing让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续)(肯定句)have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，意为：不允许某人做某事have sb.do sth.让某人做某事have sth.to do 有事情要做 It is not a good idea to have the machine running all the time.让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。I cant have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.我不允许你用一种粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。 你必须立刻向她道歉。 The man asked us to be quiet，for he had something to say.这个人让我们保持安静，因为他有事情要说。巧学活用单句改错(1)As a teacher, he cant have any of his students cheat in the exam. cheatcheating(2)Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers send to his mother.sendsent(3)They were so frightened that they had the light burn all night. burnburning(4)Ill have one of my classmates to buy some bread and drinks for us. 去掉to (教材P34)The Olympic spiritthe spirit of petition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其不如”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。 (2)other than除了or rather更确切地说)(xx浙江高考单项填空)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us. 当我们学会让我们的差异结合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就会获得很多。Are you studying any science subjects other than chemistry?除了化学， 你还修别的理科课程吗？(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)would rather从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示过去的愿望。They said the director，rather than the clerks，was responsible for the incident.他们说不是职员，而是主管要为这次事件负责。I would rather that I hadnt told her the bad news.我宁愿我没有告诉过她这个糟糕的消息。巧学活用一句多译在周日他宁愿睡觉也不愿上网。(1)He would_rather_go_to_sleep_than_surf_the_Internet on Sundays.(would rather.than.)(2)He would_go_to_sleep_rather_than_surf_the_Internet on Sundays.(would.rather than.)(3)He prefers_to_go_to_sleep_rather_than_surf_the_Internet on Sundays.(prefer to do.rather than do.)Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.分析该句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中用动名词作主语；第二个分句中although引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰those。翻译服用的这些药物叫做“兴奋剂”，虽然能增强比赛效果，但是也会导致服用兴奋剂的人在后来的生活中出现健康问题。 单句语法填空1Fortunately(fortune)，the fire was discovered soon after it broke out.2The new plan was strongly opposed(oppose) by the people at the meeting.3China and the United States have reached an agreement to import 14 extra foreign films annually(annual)4As we all know，many old people have a very limited tolerance(tolerate) to cold.5The man said that the library was temporarily(temporary) closed for repairs.6Good shoes，clothes and a backpack are the basic equipment(equip) you need for your hiking.7Under no circumstances will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man.8You could answer most of the questions now if you had_reviewed(review) the lessons last night.9He neednt have stood in a queue；he should have_got(get) the ticket from the machine.10The