2019-2020年高中英语专项突破 完形填空 同、近义或者反义辨析能力.doc

2019-2020年高中英语专项突破 完形填空 同、近义或者反义辨析能力技能考查简介普通高中课程改革英语学科教学指导意见指出：高中英课程的总目标之一是培养学生的综合语言运用能力；语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力的基础。并因此而着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力。高中英语考试说明的命题要求明确指出：“完形填空考查学生的阅读理解能力和词汇的综合运用能力，所选语言材料要有利于考生进行语篇分析，要保证本大题有较好的区分度。”因此，高考完形填空题这种题型的设置是检验课程实施效果的方法之一。该题形要求高中生必须具备快速阅读理解一篇抽去相当数量词汇文章的内容领悟能力和分析推断能力，综合运用所学语法知识、词汇辨析能力，常识和逻辑推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交际意识和能力。具体考查技能如下：词汇辨析能力：词汇辨析能力的考查主要集中在名词，动词，形容词和副词上，选项往往以同义词，近义词，反义词或拼写相近容易混淆词的形式出现。其中，由于篇章中会带有作者主观的意识，因此在形容词或者副词的考查上会出现感情色彩的辨析。同、近义或者反义辨析和感情色彩词汇辨析能力（五）同、近义或者反义辨析同、近义词或者反义词：在阅读完形填空的文章过程中，有时会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词、近义词、反义词。因此，要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断，选出正确的答案e.g. (xx福建) We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside village are 36 , one by one. Aappearing B. moving C. exposing D .expanding【解析】此题主要考查appear和 expose的近义词的辨析。根据上文but the fog is lifting now，可知雾开始消散了，得知该句的所要表达的含义为“海边的小村庄一个接着一个的显露出来。”， 可以直接排除move移动； expand 使膨胀。因expose 使暴露，一般用被动语态；appear 出现，显露，没有被动语态，得出正确答案为A。一、小试牛刀：1、He then walked_ 42_without even finishing his food.42. A. on B. around C. up D. away 2、She often sees double and cant 38 how far away things are.38. A. tellB. guessC. assumeD. predict3、That morning, however, the process didnt 20 quickly.20. A. goB. beginC. occurD. change4、“You shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, Holly,”24A. write downB. agree withC. pass on D. listen to5、She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52 is to reach level 9.52. A. standardB. rangeC. viewD. goal【答案解析】1、【解析】D。动词短语辨析。He then walked_without even finishing his food（甚至没有吃完食物，然后他就走了）walk away 走开。walk on 继续走，walk around四处走， walk up往上走，均不符合语境。2、【解析】A。动词辨析。tell辨别；判定， guess 猜测；推测； assume假设，假定；predict 预言，预测。根据上文的see double看东西都是双影，指明Lola Walter不能辨别事物的距离。A为正确选项。3、【解析】A。动词辨析。事情进展如何，常用动词go，而不用begin, occur, change。4、【解析】D。短语词义辨析。根据what people say about（人们说什么），可知是不要听，因此选项D正确。A. write sown 记下B. agree with 同意C. pass on 传递，均不符合语境。5、【解析】D。名词辨析。她的目标是达到体操九级。standard 标准； range 范围； view 视图风景；goal 目标，均不符合语境。二、基础巩固：1、 46 the hill and across the valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house.46. A. OverB. DownC. AroundD. Beside47. A. windowsB. stepsC. centerD. gate2、He was turning to leave when suddenly he 39 a hot breath about his ear. 39. A. took B. released C. felt D. drew3、Then through the hospital I was 21 to a childrens burns camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine.21A. promotedB .introducedC. reportedD. carried22A. metB. recognizedC. rememberedD. caught4、Such is Dadwhether problem he 25 , he never gives up. 25. A. meets withB. brings up C. works outD. thinks about5、When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head.13 A. hungerB .coldC. defeatsD. burns【答案解析】1、【解析】B。考查介词的辨析。A. Over 通过，B. Down 向下，C. Around，周围，D. Beside在旁边。由 “ across the valley”和“ rode tohouse”骑车得先下山，才能穿过山谷，骑回家。故答案是B。2、【解析】C。考查动词辨析。A. took 带走，B. released释放，D. drew 拉。根据本句a hot breath about his ear. 可推知本空C项felt正确。，均不符合语境。3、【解析】A。考查动词辨析。A. met 遇到，B. recognized 认出，C. remembered记起，D. caught 抓住。根据前句可知作者去了一个儿童烧伤营，所以，她在那里应该是遇到了一个女孩，因此可知选项A正确。4、【解析】A。考查动词短语辨析。 A. meets with遇见，B. brings up带大，C. works out算出，D. thinks about考虑。本句意思是：无论他“遇到”什么难题，他都不会放弃。四个选项的意思分别是：遇到，抚养，解出（难题），考虑，只有选项A符合句意。5、【解析】。考查名词辨析。A. hunger 饥饿，B .cold 寒冷，C. defeats失败，D. burns烧伤。根据a bowl full hot oil fell on my head，可知作者受的是烫伤，因此D选项正确。三、能力提高：1、By bad luck, my purse strap(带子) got 28 on a chair and the tray(托盘) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air.29. A. by B. in C. from D. out2、With my suitcase _36_ and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “ Im leaving.”36. A. packedB .returnedC. cleanedD. repaired3、She 53 and all of a sudden she saw an amazing 54 . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden.53. A. turned around B. cheered up C. settled down D. dropped in54. A. hillB. valleyC. backgroundD. sight4、I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. 36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with5、Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees tow beams.44. A. doubtB. advantageC. challengeD. program【答案解析】1、【解析】C。考查介词辨析。A. by 在.旁边， B. in在里面，C. from从， D. out在外。本题的关键词是slip“滑脱，滑掉”。句子的前半部分The tray that I was holding (我端着的托盘)，因此，本句想表达的是：托盘从我的手中滑落飞了出去。故选择C项。2、【解析】A。考查动词辨析。根据词汇的意义解题。packed“包装，打包”；returned“返回；报答”; cleaned“使干净”; repaired“修理”. pack suitcase 意为“收拾好行李箱”。3、【解析】A。考查动词短语辨析。A. turned around 转身， B. cheered up 鼓励， C. settled down 定居下来， D. dropped in拜访。根据下文提示解题。下文提到There on the other side of the valley可知这里指“小女孩转过身，回头看”，所以选择A。4、【解析】C。考查形容词短语辨析。A. curious about对好奇，B. interested in对.感兴趣，C. aware of 意识到D. careful with 对小心仔细。根据句意：活动的目的是为了让参与者更多地了解和感受残疾人所面临的问题，故选C。5、【解析】C。考查名词的辨析。doubt怀疑，疑惑；advantage 优势；有利条件； challenge 挑战； progress进步；前进。下一句提到因为她视觉有重影，会看到两根平衡木，所以，平衡木对她是最大的挑战。故选择。四、终极挑战：1、I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road 40 the Potomac River in West Virginia.40. A. atB. throughC. overD. round2、Farmer Mikes house had been a great place for the little mouse 35 the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 36 when he thought of it.35. A. although B. until C. whereas D. unless36. A. leapt B. sniffed C. trembled D. withdrew3、In my application letter, I was careful to 21 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.21. A. discussB. expressC. announceD. argue4、There are four of us now in the house, but over time Ive had nine people e in and move on to other places. Wed all be in 54 if we hadnt banded together.54. A. yards B. sheltersC. campsD. cottages5、He always puts our happiness 32 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days.32. A. after B. beforeC. besideD. under33. A. in spite ofB. in terms ofC. in control ofD. in place of【答案解析】1、【解析】C。考查介词辨析。A. at 在B. through穿过C. over 越过D. round在.周围。根据句意和搭配。作者找到了可以租赁的一个破旧房子，不过要沿着横跨波托马克河的蜿蜒山路向上行走4英里。” a winding mountain road”横跨 “the Potomac River”，over在上面,由一边到另一边，其余均不符。2、【解析】C。考查动词词义辨析。36. A. leapt跳跃，B. sniffed 嗅，C. trembled 颤抖，D. withdrew 推出。根据上文中提到了猫，本句是描述小老鼠偷粮食时的状况。可推知本空C项trembled正确。3、【解析】B。考查动词词义辨析。A. discuss讨论；B. express 表达；C. announce通知；D. argue争论。根据In my application letter（在我的申请信中），可知作者应该是表达自己的愿望，故选项B正确。4、【解析】B。考查名词辨析。A. yards院子， B. shelters 收容所，C. camps 帐篷，D. cottages村舍。 根据上文语境和语法知识解题。此处说：如果我们不团结在一起，我们都会流落到住收容所（shelters）的地步。其余三项分均不符合语境。5、【解析】A。考查介词短语辨析。A. in spite of 尽管，B. in terms of在的条件下，C. in control of在的控制下，D. in place of取代，长时间工作之后，“尽管”很累，也从不忘记在我参加比赛的时候为我打气加油。“累”和“给我打气加油”之间是转折关系，所以应该用in spite of。其它三个选项的意思，均不合句意。