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第8讲 名词性从句,考点1 主语从句 【典例】1. (2015江苏高考)_Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it. A. That B. Why C. Where D. How 【解析】选C。句意: 中国伟大诗人李白出生在哪里是众所周知的事, 但是有些人不接受。where引导主语从句。,2. (2015北京高考)_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A. Where B. How C. Why D. When 【解析】选B。句意: 我们如何理解事情与我们的感受有很大关系。本句考查主语从句, 从句中根据逻辑意义应该表示方式。,3. (2014大纲版全国卷)Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 【解析】选C。句意: 土豆具体是在什么时候引进欧洲的还不确定, 很可能是在1565年左右。根据but后面的意思可知, 前半句要说的是时间, 所以选C。,4. (2014北京高考)Some people believe_has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however 【解析】选A。句意: 有些人相信以前发生过或现在正在发生的任何事情将来都会重复发生。believe后面是宾语从句, 宾语从句中缺少主语, 只能选择连接代词。,5. (2013四川高考)_you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. What D. That 【解析】选C。句意: 你在会议上所说的描述了公司的美好未来。分析句子结构可知在主语从句中缺少宾语, 故选择C项。,【解题技巧】 1. 主语从句中几组易混连接词。 (1)what与that引导主语从句时的区别。 what引导主语从句作主语、宾语、表语或定语, 有意义。 that引导主语从句不作句子成分, 无意义。例如: What you said yesterday is right. That English is important is an undoubted fact.,(2)whether与if。 主语从句若含有“是否”意义, 且放于句首时, 其引导词常用whether。 Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question. (=It remains a question whether he will be able to come tomorrow. ) (3)“疑问词+ever”引导的名词性从句。 whatever和whichever在名词性从句中作主语、定语、宾语或表语; whoever作主语、宾语。 Whoever(=Anyone who)breaks the law should be punished.,2. 形式主语it引导的句式。 It+be+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important /certain等)+that从句。 It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句。 It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句。 It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters) + that从句。 It doesnt matter/makes no difference等+连接代词/连接副词/连接词引导的主语从句。,3. 主语从句的注意事项。 (1)要分清引导主语从句的三类连词: 从属连词that不充当句子成分, 本身无意义, 仅起引导从句的作用; 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever有意义, 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语; 连接副词where, when, how, why有意义, 在从句中作状语。,(2)看主语从句里缺少什么成分就补什么成分, 如不缺少成分用that, whether, if; 缺少主语、宾语、表语, 常用what, who, which, whom等; 缺少地点状语用where, 缺少时间状语用when, 缺少原因状语用why, 缺少方式状语用how等, 即要看从句的意思是否完整, 根据“缺什么补什么, 什么都不缺用that”的原则选用连词。,考点2 宾语从句 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate_is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. A. what B. who C. that D. whoever 【解析】选A。句意: 如果你在河里或湖里游泳, 一定要弄清楚水下有什么东西。水底下常常会藏有石头或树枝。investigate后面是一个宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, that引导名词性从句时不作句子成分, 故排除C; 根据句意, 此处不是指人, 所以B和D也不正确。所以正确答案是A, what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。,2. (2015四川高考)The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution. A. where B. why C. what D. which 【解析】选B。宾语从句中不缺主语和宾语, 故C、D两项错误; 根据句意“这个展览告诉我们, 我们为什么要采取措施来阻止空气污染”, 可知B项正确。,3. (2015北京高考)I truly believe_beauty comes from within. A. that B. where C. what D. why 【解析】选A。句意: 我很相信美丽源自内心。从句部分不缺少任何成分, 因此用that起连接作用, 也可以省略。,4. (2015福建高考)I wonder_Mary has kept her figure after all these years. By working out every day. A. where B. how C. why D. If 【解析】选B。句意: 我想知道玛丽这些年是怎么保持她的身材的。通过每天锻炼。句中I是主语, wonder是谓语, how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中作宾语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的, 所以是针对方式提问的, 故用how。,5. (2015湖南高考)You have to know_youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. what B. that C. where D. who 【解析】选C。宾语从句是一个完整的句子, 故不能用疑问代词。由句意“如果你要计划去那里的最佳方式, 你必须知道你将要去哪里”知, C项正确。,【解题技巧】 1. 宾语从句的基本用法。 (1)whether与if引导的宾语从句。 whether与if在作“是否”讲时, 一般可以换用, 但是下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if。 引导的从句作介词宾语时。 从句中直接与or not连用时。 后接动词不定式时。,(2)形式宾语it的使用情况。 动词find, feel, think, consider, take(认为), make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后面有宾语补足语时, 需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 (3)that一般不能充当介词的宾语, 但在except, in后可以。,2. 宾语从句的考查特别注意时态的对应性。 (1)若主句的谓语动词用一般现在时, 从句的谓语动词须根据需要选用相应的时态; (2)若主句的谓语动词用一般过去时, 则从句的谓语动词也应用过去的某种时态; (3)若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、真理等, 从句的谓语动词的时态不受动词时态一致性原则的限制, 仍然用一般现在时。,3. 宾语从句的否定转移。 主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等, 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时时, 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来, 其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 4. 有些动词如like, hate, appreciate, owe等, 接宾语从句时需要在从句前加it。 Id appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.,考点3 表语从句 【典例】1. (2015安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for. A. what B. whom C. why D. when 【解析】选A。句意: 船停放在港口里是安全的, 但那并非是建造船的目的。表语从句中的for后缺少宾语, 用what引导, what与for连用, 表示目的。,2. (2014浙江高考)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. ”This is_my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 【解析】选A。句意: 我妈妈过去常常告诉我“每次吃糖块时, 喝杯绿茶。”what引导表语从句, 在从句中又充当tell的宾语。,3. (2014四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats_I was born. ” A. when B. how C. why D. where 【解析】选D。句意: 奶奶指着那所医院说: “那就是我出生的地方”。根据pointed to the hospital可知是地点, 故表语从句要用where来引导。,4. (2014北京高考)The best moment for the football star was_he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 【解析】选B。句意: 这位足球明星的最好时刻是当他进了制胜一球的时候。was后面是表语从句, 由句意可知表语从句表达时间, 因此选择when, 意为“的时候”。,【解题技巧】 1. 引导表语从句的that无意义, 也不充当句子成分, 只起引导作用, 但不可以省略; if不能用于引导表语从句。 The reason is that he got up late. 原因是他起床晚了。 2. 连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时, 这些连接代词和连接副词都有意义, 并在从句中作成分, 所以不可省略。,3. 三个易混句式。,4. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 5. 在有表语从句的复合句中, 主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 The question is why he cried yesterday.,考点4 同位语从句 【典例】1. (2014重庆高考)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea_he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. A. when B. why C. that D. how 【解析】选B。句意: 迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取通知是真的吗? 是的, 但我不知道他这么做的原因, 耶鲁大学是他最喜爱的大学之一。根据后面的thats one of his favorite universities可知这里指原因, 故用why引导同位语从句用以解释idea的内容。,2. (2013浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief_you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether 【解析】选B。句意: 取得最大成功的唯一方法就是充分相信你在运动场上比其他人更好。该空引导belief的同位语从句。并且在从句中既不作任何句子成分, 也无任何意义, 只能用that。,【解题技巧】 1. that引导同位语从句的基本意义。 (1)同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容; (2)通常用that引导, 且that不能省略; (3)用whether引导同位语从句时, 不能换成if; (4)可用于同位语从句的名词有: advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。,2. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定语从句) The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (同位语从句),3. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面, 而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。 4. suggestion, order, request, proposal, requirement, command, advice, proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时, 从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式, 其中should一词可省略。 She made a request that the doctor (should) be sent for at once. 她请求立即请医生来。,【误区纠偏】 易错点1 误判定语从句与表语从句 Kunming is no longer the city_it was ten years ago. (变式)Kunming is no longer_it was ten years ago. A. where B. which C. what D. that,【点拨】 (1)题中city是先行词, 其后是定语从句。which在定语从句中常充当主语或者宾语, 而that可以充当主语、宾语和表语。故此处选D项that引导定语从句且在从句中作表语。 (2)题中没有先行词, 谓语动词is后应是表语从句。what相当于the place that, 引导表语从句, 同时在从句中作was的表语。故选C。,易错点2 误判定语从句与同位语从句 The fact_she works hard is well known to us all. (变式)The fact about_he complained to us yesterday was true. A. that B. what C. which D. where,【点拨】 (1)题中横线后的句子是对fact的解释说明, 应为同位语从句。句意: 她工作勤奋的事实为大家所知。故选A。 (2)题中complain为不及物动词, 构成complain to sb. about sth. , 故此处是一个定语从句, 对先行词fact加以修饰、限制, 因代指fact在从句中作介词about的宾语, 故可用that, which或省略关系代词。选C。,易错点3 “no matter+疑问词”和“疑问词+ever”混用 The how-to-book can be of help to_wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever (变式)_wants to do the job, the how-to-book can be of help to him. A. Who B. Whomever C. No matter whom D. Whoever,【点拨】 (1)题whoever引导宾语从句, 相当于anyone who, 从句中缺少主语, 选D。 (2)题whoever引导让步状语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 相当于No matter who。选D。,
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