2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-倒装句.doc

2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。一、全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, e, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.铃响了。2表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。In came the teacher.老师进来了。注意：上述全部倒装的句型的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he es. 他来了。3表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时用全部倒装。On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。常见的情况有：1带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not, never, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only, not once, under no condition, hardly. when, no sooner. than., not until.等。Neither will theory do without practice，nor will practice do without theory.理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。注意：当not until引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。只有当not only. but also连接两个分句时，才在第1个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only.but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜欢音乐。2表示“也；也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.Tom会说法语，Jack也会。If you wont go, neither will I如果你不去，我也不去。注意：当so引出的句子用于对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构，意为“的确如此”。Its raining hard. 雨下得很大。So it is.的确很大。3only放在句首，强调状语(副词，介词短语或状语从句等)，全句语序要部分倒装。Only in this way can you work out the problem.只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。三、as, though 引导的倒装句as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。此时应注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词；2) 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Hero as he is，he still has shortings.尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。Much as I like it，Ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。四、其他部分倒装 1so / such.that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得动都不敢动。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。2在某些表示祝愿的句型中。May you all be happy.望大家开心愉快。3在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词时，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.如果我是你，我就再试一次。高考试题每年都要涉及句法知识，特殊句式已经成为高考的热点，倒装句每年都有涉及。而对于倒装句式的考查，越来越重视，他们加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉以及句式的变化，例如倒装句中否定副词位于句首；as引导让步状语从句的倒装。【xx全国卷I 28】Only when he reached the tea-house _it was the same place hed been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize【答案】D【考点】本题考察倒装句。【解析】Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。【xx福建卷29】Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it. A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I【答案】C【考点】考查时态及倒装。【解析】never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。【xx湖南卷32】Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _a decision A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach【答案】B【考点】本题考察only前置的倒装句。【解析】Only引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的had discussed判断出是过去时间，故选B；句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。10江苏Is everyone here? Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!A. e B. es C. is ing D. are ing答案A考点倒装句解析谓语动词根据后面的主语10四川If you have a job, yourself to it and finally youll succeed. A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting答案A考点考查谓语动词的强调及 “祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。解析此处应是祈使句, 又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do, 故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作, 付出努力去做它, 最后你定能成功。”10四川We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work. A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think 答案D考点考查倒装。解析seldom为否定副词放句首, 用部分倒装, 故选D。句意为 “我们因笑话而笑, 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”100陕西John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl答案D考点考查特殊句式。解析Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选D。10江西Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun答案A考点考查倒装。解析not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin发生在left之后或同时发生10重庆At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 答案A考点考查倒装。解析表示方位的地点状语提前, 句子完全倒装, 所以选A项。10湖北Only if people of all the countries are united _（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)答案will we be able to solve/can we solve.考点倒装句解析only位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。根据 “主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是“will”, 或者使用情态动词“can” 09安徽 a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains答案D考点考查There be句型。解析对于这个项目的实际价值人们依然还有怀疑。(09福建For a moment nothing happened Then all shouting together. A. voices had e B. came voices C. voices would e D. did voices e答案B考点解析副词then位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选B。09海南The puter was used in teaching. As a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was saved D. was saved teachers energy答案B考点考查倒装解析句意为：计算机应用于教学。结果, 不仅教师节省能量, 而且学生对课程更感兴趣。考查 “not only.but also.”, 放在句首作状语, 句子则进行部分倒装。前一部分倒装, 后一部分不倒装。09山东So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 答案C考点考查倒装解析so .that., such .that.的句子结构中, 若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首, 实行部分倒装, 又sudden是形容词, 作表语, 所以选C。09陕西Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 答案A考点考查倒装解析little是具有否定意义的词, 位于句首时句子用部分倒装句, 选A。09四川Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 答案B考点倒装语序的用法。解析not until 位于句首时要用半倒装的句型, 把助动词did提到主语Mum的前面。所以答案为：B 09重庆Unsatisfied _with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though 答案B考点倒装语序的用法。解析as, though等词引导让步状语从句时, 常将表语提前置于句首, 其后跟连词和正常的主谓语序。08江西It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted答案C考点此题考查部分倒装结构解析句意为：据宣布, 只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。that从句中only引导的时间状语从句位于句首, that从句需用部分倒装结构。08重庆Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.A.I realizedB.I had realizedC.had I realizedD.did I realize答案D考点考查部分倒装。解析 “only+状语”放于句首时主句用部分倒装。首先要看到倒装的标志词only, 然后再看when引导从句表示过去, 所以主句也用一般过去时态。08辽宁 Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neither B. neither was IC. I was either D. either was I答案B考点本题考查倒装。解析句意为：Bill对Jason耽误了报告的事不高兴, 我也是（我也不高兴）。表示 “某人也不时”, 应该用 “neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”。08江苏 you eat the correct foods be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A.Only if;will youB.Only if;you willC.Unless;will youD.Unless;you will答案A考点本题考查倒装。解析句意为：只有吃适当的食物, 你才能够保持, only if位于句首时, 主句应用部分倒装形式。07全国If Joes wife wont go to the party, .A.he will either B.neither will heC.he neither will D.either he will答案B考点此题考查neither引导倒装句解析neither引导倒装句, 表示前者不做某事, 后者也不做。07上海How was the televised debate last night?Super!Rarelyso much media attention.A.a debate attractedB.did a debate attractC.a debate did attractD.attracted a debate答案B考点本题考查倒装。解析否定副词置于句首时, 谓语动词要用部分倒装结构。07安徽Littlethat we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.A.he realizedB.he didnt realizeC.didnt he realize D.did he realize答案D考点本题考查倒装。解析否定副词little提前, 主句用部分倒装。07陕西that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A.So successful her business was B.So successful was her businessC.So her business was successful D.So was her successful business答案B考点本题考查倒装。解析so+ adj. /adv. 置于句首时, 其主句需用部分倒装。07辽宁I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom so lonely as now.A.have I felt B.I had felt C.I have felt D.had I felt答案A考点本题考查倒装。解析将现在与以前相比较, 故用现在完成时, 当否定副词置于句首时, 句子要用部分倒装形式。句意为：但我很少感觉到像现在这样孤独。07江苏My room gets very cold at night.A.So is mine B.So mine is C.So does mine D.So mine does答案C考点本题考查倒装。解析 “so+助动词+主语”表示前面陈述的情况也适合于后者。06天津Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no soonerthan it happened.A.had she goneB.she had goneC.has she goneD.she has gone答案A考点本题考查倒装。解析no sooner.than.为固定结构形式, 表示 “刚就”, no sooner后常接 “had+主语”这一倒装结构。06浙江by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other panies.A.Only B.Just C.StillD.Yet答案A考点本题考查倒装句。解析根据句子结构可知, 本句使用了倒装句, 在给出的4个答案中, 只有only+状语放于句首时, 句子用倒装语序。06福建homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.A.So much B.Too much C.Too littleD.So little答案A考点本题考查倒装。解析以 “so+形容词”开头的句子要倒装。句意为：有这么多家庭作业要做, 因此我们没有时间休息。06福建 Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes.yesterday.A.So was it B.So it was C.So it is D.So is it答案A考点本题考查倒装。解析So was it yesterday.意为 “昨天也是这样。”；So it was yesterday.意为 “昨天的确这样。”这需要与上文主语一致, 从句意来看应选A项。06江西 I reminded you not to forget the appointment.A.So you did B.So I do not C.So did you D.So do I答案A考点本题考查 “so+助动词+主语”与 “so+主语+助动词”的意义区别。解析so+与前句相同的主语+助动词, 表示赞同, 意为 “确实”。