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2016高考导航适用于全国卷,专题3 动词的时态和语态,专题3 动词的时态和语态,1(2015高考全国卷，语法填空，节选)This cycle_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 2If it_(turn) cold again，theyll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.Last，how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter?,考点一 一般时,goes,turns,3The boy_(open)his eyes for a moment， looked at the captain，and then died. 4(2015河南高考适应性模拟)If I hold it for a minute， thats not a problem.If I hold it for an hour，I_ (have) an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，youll have to call an ambulance.,opened,will have,1一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式(be动词的一般现在时用am/is/are)构成。 My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends at 3：30 pm我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。,(2)如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，if和unless引导的条件状语从句及让步状语从句中，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示将来的动作或状态。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。,2一般过去时 (1)常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性的动作。 (2015高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)Is Peter coming? 彼得要来吗？ No，he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 不来了。在最后时刻接了一个电话后他改变了主意。,(2015高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I asked，“What do you wish me to do now？” 当我问：“你现在想要我做什么？”的时候，我掩饰不住内心的渴望之情。 (2)有些句子，虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect，want等。 Edward，you play so well.But I didnt know you played the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。,3一般将来时 “shall/will动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 (2015高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. 杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。 All right.I will call him later. 好的。我稍后给他打电话。 I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party. 我希望你在晚宴上表现得大方得体。,单句语法填空 1Years ago，when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries，I_(live) in the heart of a city. 2(2015山东日照二模)Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only_(provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.,lived,provides,3(2015河南考前质量检测二)Man changes his living habits in order to adjust to climate，but climate_ (change) as well，though more slowly.By learning more about his climate，man will find a way to adapt to or control it and live a more comfortable life. 4(2016安徽安庆五校联考)I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday. I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you_ (be) a bigger man.,changes,will be,1He_(look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day. 2(2015高考陕西卷，语法和词汇知识，改编)Marty _(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday. 3(2015龙口模拟)McDonalds _(work) hard to get its customers back now.In January，the company ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl.,考点二 进行时,was looking,has been working,is working,1现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行着的动作或存在的状态。 I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like? 我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？ Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind. 哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。,(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，move等词，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。 The ship is leaving for New York soon. 这条船很快就要开往纽约。,2过去进行时 (1)表示过去某时正在发生的动作,或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作;也可表示过去某个时间段内一直在进行的动作。 I walked slowly through the market，where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. 我慢慢地走过一个市场，人们在那里销售各种各样的水果 与蔬菜。我认真地研究了它们的价格之后，买了些我所需要 的。,(2)短暂性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排要做的 事。 I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。,3将来进行时 表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。 Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? 今天下午两点我给你回电话可以吗？ Im sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing.How about five? 对不起，那时我正飞往北京，五点钟怎么样？,单句语法填空 1(2015河南顶级名校5月模拟)“I_(eat) with my wife and children，”he said，“when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.” 2(2015临沂模拟)Alice and her classmates_ (enjoy) their holiday this time next month. 3(2015山东师大附中模拟)They have lit our dinnertime，the bedrooms and now I_(sit) by one in the kitchen.,was eating,will be enjoying,am sitting,1(2015潍坊高考模拟) At last firefighters have put out a big forest fire in California.Since then，they_(set) about finding out how the fire began. 2(2015滕州5月模拟)One Friday afternoon，after she had finished shopping and had taken all the things to her car，she found that she_(forget) to buy some sugar. 3(2016山东邹城一中月考)That was the first time I_(be) to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.,考点三 完成时,have set,had forgotten,had been,一、现在完成时 1表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成了影响或结果，常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。 Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前为止，工作进展得很顺 利，我们确信一定会按时完工。,2表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? 我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ Sorry，I havent played the piano for years. 抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。,二、过去完成时 1表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成，即“过去的过 去”。或表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的 动作或状态，这一动作或状态可能一直持续到过去这一时 刻，也可能将继续下去。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。,2有时可表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，常用于该用法的动词有intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等。 He had intended to speak，but time did not permit. 他本想发言，可是时间不允许。,三、完成进行时 完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动 作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行，具有持续性和未完成性。该时态多用于延续性动词。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am从上午9点开始，经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。 In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.为了找到那个失踪的孩子，过去的五小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。,四、将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来的某一时间之前将会完成的动作，并往往对将来的某一时间产生影响。由“shall/willhave过去分词”构成。 By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.等史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。,名师指津 常用完成时的句型,单句语法填空 1(2015淮安二模)Global oil prices_(fall) since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily. 2(2015高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)In the last few years，China_(make) great achievements in environmental protection.,have been falling,has made,3(2015浙江杭州一次质检)Mr.White_(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 4(2015聊城模拟)By next Thursday，they_ (complete) the construction of the new school.,had worked,will have completed,1(2015高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but _(hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 2After everything_(do) and just after he left the barbers，he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.,考点四 被动语态,was held,was done,3(2015日照模拟)Have they got our car repaired? I dont know.But it_(repair) when I called them yesterday. 4(2015江西鹰潭二模)If you so desire and cannot afford one，a lawyer_(appoint) without any charge before any questioning.,was being repaired,will be appointed,1被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化列表如下：,am/is/are过去分词,am/is/are being过去分词,have/has been过去分词,was/were过去分词,was/were being过去分词,had been过去分词,shall/will be过去分词,should/would be过去分词,shall/will have been过去分词,Dont worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid later in life. 不要担心，你现在的努力工作在以后的生活中会得到回报 的。 In the spoken English of some areas in the US.，the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped. 在美国一些地方的口语中，单词结尾的“r”的发音通常被省 略掉了。,2主动形式表示被动意义 以下形式常用主动形式表示被动意义：,smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn等后接形容词作表语时。,表示主语的属性、特征或功能的词，如read，write，sell，wash等，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用时。,表示“开始”、“结束”的词：如begin，start，finish，end等。,Your suggestion proved quite effective.你的建议已被证明是很有效的。,This pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。,The party finished with a song.聚会以一首歌曲结束。,need，want，require(需 要)，deserve(值得)等后 接doing时。,The clock needs winding once a week. 这只闹钟需要每周上一次发条。,在beadj.(difficult，hard，heavy，dangerous，pleasant，comfortable等)to do结构中。,Its difficult to see how more savings can be made. 看到如何进一步节约是很难的。,单句语法填空 1(2015山东省实验中学二模)She_(elect)to the New York State Assembly.In 1968 she announced she would run for the United States Congress. 2(2015江西九江三模)To the customers satisfaction，teas of the same high quality_(serve) in each shop every day. 3What a pity！I missed The Voice of China last night. Dont worry.It_(broadcast) again this weekend.,was elected,are served,will be broadcasted,技法1 先“时间”后“选体”，确定时态 (1)考生在做有关时态的试题时，首先要确定动作发生的时间：根据句中明确的时间状语或是时间标志词来确定时间；根据上下文语境，挖掘其隐含信息，弄清时间的先后顺序，确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是将来。 (2)对应不同的时间要根据以下几点确定时态的“体”：动作是否已完成、是否反复出现、是否是正在发生或进行中以及是否是按计划和安排要做的事情。,(2015临沂模拟)The girl has a great interest in sport and_(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 【解析】 句意：这个女孩很喜欢运动，在过去的三年里，她一直坚持每周上两次羽毛球兴趣班。根据句中时间标志短语over the last three years可知，应用现在完成进行时，故填has been taking。,has been taking,技法2 分析主谓的逻辑关系，确定语态 根据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态。被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外，还有特殊用法，如主动形式表示被动含义。,(2015高考湖北卷，完成句子，改编)The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project _(finish)by the students independently. 【解析】 根据主句中的was delighted to find可知，其后从 句表示的“三分之二的工程已经被完成了”应用过去完成时 的被动语态。,had been finished,
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