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专项六 动词和动词短语,一、动词词义辨析 动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指： 1. 词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat 等。,Part,规律印证 考 点 落 实 ， 步 步 为 “ 赢 ”,边 做 边 悟,2意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish 等。 3动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass, past 等。 4意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain, say；discover，invent；uncover，find 等。 5某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如： ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear 等。 6某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up 等。,(2013新课标全国卷) 那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。 The watch was very good, and he _ 20 percent down for it. (2013福建卷) 米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。 Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students. (2013湖北卷) 按照该法律，所有的外国人在到来的两周内必须在当地警方登记。 According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival., (2013江苏卷) 这座城市太美了。我非常喜欢。 我也是。这个城镇的特色保留得很好。 The town is so beautiful! I just love it. Me too.The character of the town is well _. 答案 paid involves register preserved,二、动词短语辨析 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点： 1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (1)动词 副词 (不及物) Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left. (2)动词 副词 (及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。 She gave them away.,(3)动词 介词(及物) You should learn to care about others. 注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 (4)动词 副词 介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 注意：“动词 介词”、“动词 名词 副词”、“动词 副词 介词 ”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。 In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after.(不能漏掉 after),2熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。 hear from 收到的来信 hear of 听说 look after 照料 look at 看 look for寻找 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。 ring back 回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up 打电话 put away 放好，收起 put on 穿上；上演 put up挂起；举起,(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。 look for 寻找 ask for请求 wait for 等候 send for派人去叫 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。 break out 发生；爆发 carry out 进行；开展 go out 熄灭 hand out 分发 let out 放出 look out 当心 sell out 卖完 set out 出发 take out 取出 work out 算出 break down坏了 come down落下来 get down 下车 take down 取下 write down 写下,(2013新课标全国卷) 在最后的时刻，汤姆决定添加一个新人物，以使故事显得更真实。 At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely. (2013新课标全国卷) 你今晚愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？ Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight? (2013湖北卷) 在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。 In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleep pure and simple.,(2013江苏卷) 团队领导必须确保所有的成员克服他们本能的欲望以避免因犯错而带来的尴尬。 Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 答案 put in come along set aside get over,1【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 解析 连系动词无被动语态。 2【误】 After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane took over her job as a doctor in the country side. 【正】 After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside. 解析 对 take up 的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事”。,考 点 警 示,3【误】 He cant be at home now，for I saw him work out in the gym just now. 【正】 He cant be at home now，for I saw him working out in the gym just now. 解析 不能正确的区分用作宾语补足语的非谓语形式。此处根据语境应选择 see sb doing 结构。 4【误】 They have become friends since they met in Shanghai. 【正】 They have been friends since they met in Shang hai. 解析 不能区分延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用特点 since 主句的动词必须是延续性的。,5【误】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained sticking abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 【正】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 解析 不能正确掌握动词 remain 的使用特点。此处 remain 用作系动词，接过去分词作表语，表示主语所处状态或已经发生的被动动作。,1熟词生义及词性转化 Parents and children should communicate more to _ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. 答案 narrow 句意：为了缩小代沟，进而增进彼此间的理解，父母同子女之间应该多交流。根据句意及gap(代沟)可知填narrow(使变窄)。,易 错 防 范,2动词短语搭配意义混淆 OK, Ive had enough of it.I give up. You cant _ your responsibilities. 答案 run away from 句意：好了，我受够了。我放弃了。你不能逃避你的责任。,3相似短语搭配意义混淆 Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long. 答案 picked up 句意：你的弟弟学习俄语学得如此快，真是令人惊讶他还没在那儿住多长时间。,
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