2019-2020年高三上学期第一次五校联考英语试题 含解析.doc

2019-2020年高三上学期第一次五校联考英语试题 含解析【试卷综评】本试卷以新课标为指导，既重基础又注重综合能力的提高。围绕时代内容设计基础能力题，旨在考查学生的基础知识掌握情况。阅读理解选材具有时代性，紧密联系生活实际，选项设计灵活合理，注重考查学生的阅读理解能力。信息匹配主要考查学生的阅读能力，书面表达以介绍学生熟悉的零花钱为题，考查学生的英语实际运用能力，读写任务概括题考查学生的语言综合概括能力。总之，本次试卷，是一份质量较高的试卷。注意事项：1、本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共11页。答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考号填写在答题卡及答题卷上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上将相应的考生号信息点涂黑。2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应的题号的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。I . 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）【题文】第一节：完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将对应的该项涂黑。When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves，many put friends ahead of homes，jobs，clothes and cars.A true 1 carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a 2 we should prove it. 3 ，the better friends you are，the more probably youll have disagreements. And the 4 can be what you dont want an end to finish the relationship. The good news is that most troubled friendships can be 5 .First，dont let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when 6 are brought out in the open. Second，_7_when youre wrongeven if youve been 8 . Over the course of friendship， 9 the best people make mistakes. Sometimes，it may be best if the wronged person 10 the lead and apologizes. When you apologize，give your friend a 11 to admit that he has been wrong. Third，see things from your 12 point of view. And 13 accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Making friends can sometimes seem 14 . The hard part is _15_the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion：Consider friendship an honor and a gift，and worth the effort to treasure and nurture(培养)1A.friendship Blove Crelationship Dcare2A.wealth Bgold Cjewellery Dtreasure3A.Personally BNaturally CUnfortunately DLuckily4A.result Bpace Cfuture Dminute5A.finished Bmended Cchanged Dprevented6A.discussions Bquestions Cdifferences Dinterests7A.admit Bpunish Cflee Dapologize8A.blamed Bwronged Cpunished Dpraised9A.still Beven Cyet Dever10A.takes Bgives Cgets Dmakes11A.reason Bcause Cchance Dtime12A.brothers Bfathers Cenemys Dfriends13A.properly Bfinally Creally Dmerely14A.difficult Bhard Ceasy Dlikely15A.keeping Bletting Cproving Dremaining【答案】【知识点】B3 议论文 【文章综述】本文是议论文。作者主要讲述了如何保持朋友之间的友谊，宽恕对方能让友谊保鲜。【答案解析】1A名词辨析。根据前文的friend和下文的keep us connected判断选A。2D名词辨析。A财富；B金子；C珠宝；D珍品。句意：它是值得不幸地我们证明它的一份珍品。故此处选D。3C副词辨析。A个人地；B自然地；C不幸地；D幸运地。根据句意选C。4A名词辨析。A结果；B步伐；C将来；D分钟。根据前文此处应是结果。故选A。5B动词辨析。A完成；B修补；C改变；D制止。根据前文应是修补朋友关系，故选B。6C名词辨析。A讨论；B问题；C不同；D兴趣。句意：我们中的大多数都能在开诚布公，接纳异议时才能宽恕对方，故选C。7D动词辨析。根据前文的forgive和下文的wrong判断。A承认；B惩罚；C逃走；D道歉。故选D。8B动词辨析。A责备、责骂；B委屈、诽谤；C惩罚；D表扬。根据上文wrong判断应选B。9B 副词辨析。A更；B甚至；C也；D曾经。根据句意：甚至最优秀的人也会犯错，故选B。10A动词辨析。take the lead领头，带领，故应选B。11C名词辨析。句意：当你道歉的时候，你就给朋友一次机会承认他错了。A原因；B根源；C机会；D时间。故选C。12D名词辨析。根据句意：从朋友的角度考虑事情。故选D。13B副词辨析。A合适地；B最后地；C真地；D仅仅。句意：最后，接受友谊随着我们生活方式和需要而改变，故选B14C形容词辨析。根据句意：交朋友有时很容易。A困难的；B困难的，坚硬的；C容易的；D可能的。故选C。15A动词辨析。 A保持；B让；C证明；D遗留、逗留、仍然在。根据题意“最困难的部分就是保持这份友谊浓厚”。故选A。【题文】第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷标号为16-25的相应位置上。A farmer once organized a petition between his dog and his rabbit. He dug a hole in one of his biggest fields, and hid a carrot and a bone in it. He wanted to see 16 animal would find them first.The 17 (cheer) and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot, 18 (dig) here and there, totally convinced that he would find it. But the dog, after sniffing around for a bit, 19 (lie) down and began to plain about how difficult it was to find one bone in such a big field.The rabbit dug 20 hours, and with every new hole the dog plained even more about how difficult this was, even for the rabbit. 21 the rabbit thought that each hole dug was one hole less that needed to be dug. When there was no place in the whole field 22 (leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to 23 the dog had been lying all the time. There he found the carrot and the bone.This is how the dog lost the game. He had e to 24 right place at the very beginning but failed to find the bone 25 he only plained and didnt try at all.II.语法填空：【答案】【知识点】V2.语法填空（二）【思路点拨】语法填空，必须读懂全文，根据上下文灵活应用语法知识，同时要注意名词单复数，动词人称，形容词和副词的变化。【答案解析】16.which 考查宾语从句，从句中animal前缺少定语，故填which。17.cheerful 考查形容词。cheerful与optimistic两个形容词并列作rabbit。18.digging 考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作伴随状语。19. lay 考查时态。lie的过去式与began并列作谓语动词。20.for 考查介词。for + 时间段。21.But 考查连词。前后分句是转折关系，故用but。22.left 考查非谓语动词。left作place的后置定语，place为left的动作承受者。23.where 考查宾语从句。从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。24.the 考查冠词。place前缺少限定词，此处应特指，故填the。25. because /since/as 考查状语从句。空后分句是前一分句的原因，故填because等引导原因状语从句。II. 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将对应的该项涂黑。【题文】AA primary school in UK has banned Valentines Day cards because of concerns that young pupils spend too much time talking about boyfriends and girlfriends.Ashbe Primary School in WestonSuperMare，Somerset，has told parents that cards declaring love can be“confusing” for children under the age of 11，who are still emotionally and socially developing. In this months newsletter(通讯)，Peter Turner，the head teacher，warned that any cards found in school would be confiscated(没收)He wrote：“We do not wish to see any Valentines Day cards in school this year. Some children and parents encourage a lot of talk about boyfriends and girlfriends. We believe that such ideas should wait until children are mature enough emotionally and socially to understand the mitment involved in having or being a boyfriend or girlfriend.”Mr.Turner said any families wanting to support the Valentines Day idea should send cards in the post or deliver them to home addresses by hand.His views were endorsed by Ruth Rice,46，who has twins Harriet and Olivia at the school. She said，“Children at that age shouldnt really be thinking about Valentines Day，they should be concentrating on their schoolwork.”They are at an age when they are impressionable(易受影响的)and most parents including myself are with Mr.Turner. “She added that the cards cause” too much petition. If someone gets a card and another doesnt，then someone will be disappointed.However，Rajeev Takyar,40，who has two children Jai,11，and Aryan，five，at the school，said he was “outraged”He said，“There are schools that have banned conkers(栗子游戏)and snowballs，and now Valentines Cards.”I think banning the cards stops children from having social skills. How are they going to learn about relationships otherwise？Its ridiculous. Alec Suttenwood，father of three children，said of the ban：“Its totally ridiculous. Young children just send the cards to each other as friends and to their parents. Its just a bit of harmless fun. There is no difference between this and Mothers or Fathers Day.”26Which of the following is the best title?ABan on Valentines Day cards at school is well received.BBan on Valentines Day cards at school causes argument.CBritish children spend too much time talking about love.DA British high school bans Valentines Day cards.27The underlined word “endorsed” means_.Acriticized BquotedCdisapproved Dapproved28What do you know about Harriet and Olivia?AThey will send Valentines Day cards this year.BThey are strongly against the schools decision.CThey are of the same age.DThey are the children of Rajeev Takyar.29According to Rajeev Takyar，_.Asending Valentines Day cards helps develop childrens social skillsBbanning Valentines Day cards will benefit childrenCthe cards cause too much petition among childrenDchildren are too young to talk about love30The newsletter by Peter Turner probably appeared on_.AFebruary 22 BFebruary 6CMarch 18 DAugust 1【答案】【知识点】C5 文化教育类 【文章综述】本文主要讲述小学的孩子也开始过情人节，文章就儿童在情人节互送方面提出了正反两个方面的观点。【答案解析】26. B。解析：大意题，通读全文，文章是就情人节卡片问题而引起的争论。27. D。解析：推断题，根据第二段的Turner所表述的自己观点We do not wish to see any Valentines Day cards in school this year.和第三段的Rice的观点Children at that age shouldnt really be thinking about Valentines Day，they should be concentrating on their schoolwork.可知他们都不赞成孩子们过情人节，故选D。28. C。解析：细节题。根据第三段的who has twins Harriet and Olivia at the school可知选C。29. A。解析：推断题。根据文章最后一段中的I think banning the cards stops children from having social skills可知Rajeev Takyar认为情人节卡片能帮助提高孩子们的交往能力。故选A。30. B。解析：推理题。根据文章的第二段的In this months newsletter(通讯)，Peter Turner，the head teacher，warned that any cards found in school would be confiscated(没收)可知该节目应该情人节2月14前的刊物上出现的，故选B。【题文】BA black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.Because no light can get out, people cant see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earths galaxy. Earths galaxy is called the Milky Way.The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.31. The gravity of a black hole may bee so strong that light cannot get out when _. A. the star is going to die B. special tools are used on it C. other stars e close to it D. it is seen from the space telescopes32. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy. B. The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center. C. Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes. D. Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.33. Which can be inferred from the passage? A. Every galaxy must have a black hole. B. A galaxy is the center of the universe. C. A galaxy consists of a large group of stars and planets. D. Earths galaxy is called the Milky Way.34. What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest? A. Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole. B. There is only one supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. C. The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed. D. There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”.35. The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _. A. what a black hole is B. how black holes form C. how big black holes are D. how scientists know about black holes【答案】【知识点】C8 科普知识类 【文章综述】本文主要讲述太空黑洞的形成原因和科学家们如何了解黑洞现象的。【答案解析】31. A。解析：推断题，根据文章的第一段，特别是关键句This can happen when a star is dying可知黑洞是因为星星的损落造成的。故选A。.32. C。解析：推断题，根据文章的最后一段When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light可知科学家们观察高能量的星星是通过望远镜和卫星观察的，不是用肉眼观察的，故选C。33. C。解析：推断题。根据第五段的Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center可知选C。34. D。解析：推断题。根据文章倒数第二段和第三段推断。故选D。35. D。解析：大意题。文章的最后两段都在说明科学家们是怎么样了解黑洞现象的，故选D。【题文】CThe puter keyboard helped kill shorthanda system of rapid handwriting, and now its threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of xx, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive(草写字母). The rest? Block letters.And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesnt affect their grades.There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting bees a lost form of munication, does it matter?It was at University Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真实性) can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive(认知的) opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts bettera lifelong benefit.It doesnt take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince Georges County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological(神经系统的) writing, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.36. What is the author concerned about after xx Sat exams? A. Keyboarding. B. Shorthand. C. Handwriting. D. Block letters.37. A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to _. A. prove how valuable handwriting is B. explain what a famous poet he is C. show how unique his poem is D. stress how fascinating the documents are38. The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that _. A. the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting B. the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed C. it doesnt take much to teach better handwriting skills D. the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one39. According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting? A. Kindergarten. B. Primary school. C. High school. D. College.40. What is the authors attitude towards this debate? A. Devotion. B. Encouragement. C. Critical. D. Objective.【答案】【知识点】C5 文化教育类 【文章综述】本文主要讲述书法对孩子们成长的影响，作者客观地分析了书法教育的重要性和必要性。【答案解析】36. C。解析：推断题，根据文章的第一段的When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of xx, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive(草写字母)可知作者担忧的是书写问题。故选C。.37. A。解析：推断题，根据文章的第五段Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真实性) can be confirmed.可知好的书法是如何重要，故选A。38. C。解析：推断题。根据文章倒数第二段的It doesnt take much to teach better handwriting skills.可知选C。39. B。解析：细节题。根据文章倒数第二段They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade可知学书法的最好时间应是在小学。故选B。40. D。解析：判断题。通读全文可知作者对加强书法教育是非常客观的，故选D。A决心；B鼓励；C批评的；D客观的。【题文】DMost young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some formsfootball, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we pare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.41. What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage? A. Soccer and golf. B. Skiing and skating. C. Cycling and hockey. D. Mountaineering.42. The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _. A. strong emotion B. good way C. better feeling D. enough affection43. Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_. A. it has man-made rules B. it is too dangerous for climbers C. it cant bring people joy or leisure D. it is free for climbers to use their own methods44. We know from the passage that _. A. mountaineering has no appeal for people B. physical quality is more important than m