2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 9 Technology 人教版大纲第一册.doc

2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 9 Technology 人教版大纲第一册I单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1agree 2absolute 3dependent；dependence 4behave 5obedience 6emergent 7pa rticularly8negstion 9electricaI/electric 10wonderful 11peace 12success；successful高考须掌握的短语：1to 2up 3of/about 4in 5for 6in 7to 8over 9down 10in 11by考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1disagree vi不同意；不一致 eg： I disagree with you about this对于这件事我跟你意见不同。相关链接：disagreement n不一致；分歧agree vi同意 agreement，n一致；协定 用法拓展：disagree/agree with表示“不同意/同意某人的意见想法，分析解释等”，还可表示“天气食物等不适合/适合某人”。 disagree/agree to表示“不同意/同意某项建议计划办法等”。 agree on表示“就：”达成一致协议/取得一致意见”。 disagree/agree to do sth表示“不同意/同意去做某事”。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1 (典型例题 分 ) The climate here doesnt agree some of us. - I agree you on this point. A. with; with B. to; with C. to; about D. on; with考题1-2 (典型例题)I agree with most of what you said. but I dont agree with A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 考题11点拨；答案为A。这两个句子中都运用了词组agree with，前一句中agree with表示“气候(食物等)适合某人”后一句中的agree with表示”同意某人的意见；想法，分析，解释等”。 考题12点拨：答案为A。句意为：“我同意你所说的大部分，但并不是同意一切。” 2depend vi依靠；依赖eg： I havent a carI have to depend on the buses,我没有汽车只能靠公共汽车。用法拓展：depend oriupon依靠；由而定取决于；从属于；依赖维持eg： That depends/ll all depends口要看情况而定。 Y0u may depend upon it口肯定无疑；放心好了。考题2Will you go skating with me this winter vaca-tion?” It . A, all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending考题2点拨：答案为B。It all depends/That depends表示“看情况而定”。3should该估计，按理应当表示可能性，推测或推论 eg：The report is written after careful investigationso it should be reliable这份报告是经过周密调查写成的所以该是可靠的。相关链接：must/1may也可用于表示推测 must表示肯定的推测意为“一定准是”不能用于否定和疑问句；can表推测时一般用于疑问句和否定句用于肯定句时表示“有时会”；may表示可能的推测。 eg：The light in his room is onso he must be at home now他房间的灯亮着他肯定在家。 The light in his room is OUtso he cant be at home now他房间的灯已熄灭他肯定不在家。 He is absent todayHe may be ill今天他没在，他可能病了。用法拓展：should have done本应该做 shOUldnt have done本不应该做 must have done肯定发生过某事 cant have done一定没发生过某事 may have done可能发生过某事 need have done本需要做 neednt have done本不需要做考题3-1 (典型例题 分)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you it. A. mustnt have done B. wouldnt have done C.mightnt have done D. neednt have done考题3-2 (典型例题 分 ) It was playing puter games that cost the boy plenty of time that he doing his lessons. A. might have spent B. must have spent C. ought to have spent D. could have spent考题3-3 (典型例题)-I saw Jim at the meeting yesterday. Did. you? I think he have attended, for he is an expert. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. couldnt 考题3-4 (-典型例题) Well done. Jack! -Thanks. But given more time, I it better.A. shouldnt have done B. could have done C. migh,t not do D. could do考题3-5 (典型例题) Im told that John had another car accident this morning. -I believe not, he so careless. A. shouldnt have been B. wouldnt have beenC. couldnt have been D. mustnt have been考题3-6 (典型例题分)Research findings show we spent about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we during the day. A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done考题31点拨：答案为D。句意为：“你洗刷完了真是太好了。但你本没必要干这些活的。”考题32点拨：答案为C。句意为：。就是玩电脑游戏浪费了这个男孩本应花在学习上的大量时间。”考题33点拨：答案为A。neednt have done本没有必要做。考题34点拨：答案为B。句意为：“给我更多时间，本来可以做得更好。”考题35点拨；答案为c。从I believe not可看出，说话者不相信John会如此粗心，与之对应，用Couldnt have done表示对过去事情的否定推测。考题36点拨：答案为D。may have done对过去情况的可能性推测。句意为：“研究表明不管我们白天做过什么，每天晚止有两个 小时的时间在做梦。” 4add vt增加；添加；补充说vi加；加起来；增添 eg：Add up these ftgures，please请把这些数字加起来。 I should“ke to add that we are pleased with the test result我还要补充说一下我们对测试结果表示满意。用法拓展：addto把加到上 add to增力日；加强add up加起来 add up to总计；总共有考题4 (典型例题分)We are havirrg a class. she said. it was a newly open kindergarten sponsored by the church. A. added that B. adding that C. has added D. and adding that考题4点拨：答案为B。add在此句中用作及物动词，“补充说”，add与主语she是主动关系，因此用现在分词表达。51atest adj最近的；最新的eg： This toy robot is the Iatest craze a11 over the world 这种玩具机器人最近风靡全世界。相关链接：latest adj强调时间上最近的最新的Iate adjadv晚迟到 later adv1ate的比较级表示“后来”：1ately adv最近(=recently)用法拓展：at(the)latest副词词组“最晚最迟” the latest名词词组“最新的新闻；最新的发展发现；最新式样”。考题5 (典型例题) I have. seen so little of Mike . Is he away on business? -Oh, no. He just es very A. later; lately B. later; later C.lalely; late D. latest; late考题5点拨：答案为c。前一句话中latelyrecently表示“最近以来”与完成时连用，后一句话用late用作副词修饰动词conle。 句意为：。我最近很少见到迈克,他因公出差了吗?”“噢，不，他只是来得很晚而已。”6remind t，提醒；使想起 eg：The film reminded him of what he had seen in China这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。用法拓展：remind sbof slh提醒某人某事 remind sb10 do sth提醒某人去干某事 remind(sb)that提醒(某人)考题6 (典型例题)May I that a plan should.be made for this terms study? A. remind you of B. remind you with C. remind to you D. remind you考题6点拨：答案为D。考查句式remind sbthat提醒某人。7dare vt敢；敢于面对/尝试eg：I didnt dare to move我不敢动。 vand胆敢竟敢(常用于否定/疑问/条件句中) eg：If you dare speak to me likc that againyoull be sorry如果你敢再跟我那样说话你会后悔的。用法拓展：dare用作实义动词时后面的to有时可省略。 eg： He doesnt dare(to)answer他不敢回答。特别提醒：dare用作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，但有过去式,即 dared；I dare say是固定表达“我揣测；可能”。考题7 I wonder how he that to the teacher. A: dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say考题7点拨：答案为D。dare用作情态动词此句表示时过去事实的陈述，故用dared say来表达。8defeat vt击败；战胜n失败；败北eg： They were defeated in the football march他们在足球赛中输了。 The fOOtball team suffered a defeat该足球队被击败了。相关链接：defeat表示“战胜/打败对方”； beat也可表示“战胜/打败对方”，还可表示“难倒/使困惑”； win作及物动词表示“赢得(比赛/奖品等)”或作不及物动词表示“赢”。 eg： I defeated/beat my elder brotIler in playing chess我下棋赢了哥哥。 The problem beat most of the students in the class 这个问题使班里大部分同学困惑。 They went on struggling，and at last they won他们不断斗争，最后赢了。特别提醒：win表示“赢得”时，后面的宾语不可以接sb而接sth。考题8 (典型例题)-What made him so happy? _ A. His winning Tom in swimming B. His beating Tom in swimming C. He won Tom in swimming D. He beat Tom in swimming考题8点拨：答案为B。此题答语回答了what的提问，故C、D排除；win作及物动词时后接sth不接sb因此选B用动名词的复合结构作主语。 二、重点短语 9take over接管，接替；把从一地带到另一地 eg：Was it in 1948 that thc government took over the rallways in Great Britain?英国政府是在1948年接管的铁路吗?考题9-1 The lecturer spoke so quickly that it was impossible to everything he said. A. take away B. take off C. take over D. take down考题9-2 - Im not feeling well, doctor. Youll get better soon. A. Think it over B. Take it easy C. Yes, you are D. Be carefulHe took me over to the island in his smai1 boat他用小船把我带到了那个岛。用法拓展：takc sb/sthaway拿去使离开 takc a seat坐下 take(an)interest in对有兴趣 takeas 把看作/认为 take back收回(诺言话语等)take for(错)当作,以为是 take it easy不要紧张；慢慢来takc notes做记录做笔记 take off脱下；起飞 take place发生举行 take down写下记下考题91点拨：答案为D。take away带走；take off 脱下，起飞；take over接管；take down记下，写下。考题92点拨：答案为B。Take it easy别紧张；不要紧。是医生安慰病人的话。 1Ohy force通过武力eg： Thcy COUldnt be beaten by force他们是不能用武力打败的。相关链接：force可用作动词“强制迫使”可构成以下常用词组： forcsbto so sth 迫使某人干某事；(= torce sbinto doing sth)force sb/sth+形容词/副词/介词短语 force ones way 强行前进或进入用法拓展bc in fore 生效 e/go into force生效 put in /into force使生效考题10-1 Karl Marx was to leave his country for political reasons. A. forcing B. forced C. force D. being forced考题10-2 The door was forced by that man with bad manners. A. to be opened B. open C. opened D. opens考题101点拨：答案为B。force sbto do sth“迫使某人干某事”，其被动式Ibe forced to do sth。考题102点拨：答案为B。force sth十adj的被动式be forced+adj。句意为：“门被那个粗鲁的人踹开了”。三、重点交际用语 11which one sells the best in your class?在你们班哪个卖得最好? seil表“卖得如何”不用被动。相关链接：writereadwash等都有类似用法。 eg： The pen wrtes welI这笔写起字来很好用。 T11e poem reads well这首诗读起来不错。 The coat wasles well这件外套很好洗。考题11(典型例题Does this coat SUit me? CertalnlyBetter stillIt well Ais washed Bwashes Cis washing Dis being washed考题11点拨：答案为B。wash表示“(衣服等)洗起来”用主动形式表示本身具有的特点。句意为：“这件外套适合我吗?是 的。更好的情况是它很容易洗。”四、重点句型 12in ease万一以防”引导状语从句 eg：In case he arriyes before l get back please ask 11im to wait如果我回来之前他来了的话，请让他等我一下。相关链接：in case单独使用，可用作状语意为“以免，以防”。 eg： l1l take some of these unused in case 这些不用的东西我要留一些以防万一。用法拓展：in case of是短语介词意为“万一发生”；in no case决不(置于 句首句子用倒装)；in any case无论如何不管怎样；in this/that case如果 这样/那样的话考题12-1(典型例题1 w1l stay in the hotel there is some news about the missing girl Ain case Bin case of Cif onlv Duniess考题12-2(典型例题 was advised to arrange flor insurance l needed medical t reatment AaIthough Bin case Cso that Dif only考题121点拨：答案为A。in case万一，以防”，引导状语从句。句意为：“我要呆在宾馆，以防有那个走失女孩的消息。”考题122点拨：答案为B。句意为：“我被建议作保险，以防需要医疗治疗。”13no matter+特殊疑问词引导让步状语从句。 eg：No matter what he did， she always trusted him不管他干什么她总是信赖他。 No matter how you e。youd better arrive on time 不管你怎么来你最好按时到达。相关链接：no matter when=whenever不管何时 no matter wherewher ever不管哪里 no matter hOWhowever不管如何 no matter whowhoever无论谁 no matter whichwhichever不管哪一个特别提醒：no matterq-疑问副词一疑问副词+ever引导让步状语从句：no matter+疑问代词引导址步状语从句 疑问代词+ever既可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句。 eg：Whoever(=No matter who)es firsthe can get my helD 不管是淮第一个来。他都能得到我的帮助。 I Will help whoever(不能换作no matter who)es first我要帮助第一个来的人。考题13-1 (典型例题These wild flow- ers are so special that I would do I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever考题13-2 (典型例题分) diffi-culties we may e across, well help one an-other to overe them. A. Whenever B. Whatever C. However D. Wherever考题131点拨：答案为A。句意为：“这些野花是如此特别，我要做我所能做的一切来挽救它们。”考题132点拨：答案为B。whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。句意为：“不管我们可能遇到什么样的困难，我们将互相帮助共渡难关。” 五、词语辨析 14as many as，aS much as 二者皆可表示“同一样多”。但as many as用于修饰可数名词的复数形式，as much as用于修饰不可数名词；另外，as much as还可单独使用表程度。 eg： You may try as many times as you can你喜欢试多少次都可以。 I harent got as much money as I thought 我没有得到原来想的那么多钱。考题14 ( 典型例题 分 ) Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many考题14点拨：答案为D。more than修饰了倍数twice，后面用了as many一as句型。语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余被动语态(三)现在进行时的被动语态 该语法强调一个被动的动作现在或现阶段正在-进行，其结构为：be(am/is/are)+being+P过去分词。 eg： The Iife of the milu deer is being studied at present当前麋鹿的生存正在被研究。 The question is being discussed at the meeting这个问题正在会上被讨论。 The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and childten这些法律(条文)正在被修订以保护妇女和儿童的权利。考题点拨：答案为A。没有搬入新居的原因是“房间正在被粉刷”。考题 ( 典型例题 分 ) Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. the rooms A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being paintingIV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：专题详解： 一般来说，科普文章属于说明文，因此在阅读科普文章时不仅要按照说明文的阅读方法进行阅读，而且还要结合自己已有的各种知识和常识进行理解。这是因为：有时原文提供的信息本身无法满足解题条件，而理解方式又不能抛离原文对文体知识性的解答。以典型例题读为例。 Do you want to live another 100 years or more? So.me experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生 ), said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. I think by 2075 we will see it and thats a conservative estimate( 保守的估计). At the conference in San Francisco. Donald Louria, a profes- sor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术 ) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years, he said. Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years. However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubt- ful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less dis- eass, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could yoube healthy enough to have good quality of life? said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center.At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all. 1. By saying we are knocking at the door of immortality, Mi-chael Zey means A. they believe that there is no limit of living B. they are sure to find the truth about long living C. they have got some ideas about living forever D. they are able to make people live past the present life span2. Donald Lourias attitude toward long living is that A. people can live from 120 to 180 B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live C. the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future3. The underlined it (Paragraph 4) refers to A. a great push B. the idea of living beyond the present life span C. the idea of living from 200 to 300 years D. the conservative estimate4. What would be the best title for this text.? A. Living Longer or Not B. Science, Technology and Long Living C. No Limit for Human Life D. Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living整体把握：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对寿命是否可以延长的不同看法。阅读题答案：1c点拨：本句暗含科学家在理论上推断出人有可能活得更长。A、B、D太绝对不合文章的意思。2D点拨：第三段最后一句“Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could tive to 200 or 300 or 500 years” 说明，Donald Louria认为将来人们的寿命会更长。3B点拨：由第三段可知：it指people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years”。4A点梭：文章主要讲述人有可能长寿，但能否实现却是未知。故A为最佳标题。文章提及B、D，但没有主要讨论。c太绝对。 V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试考点12 (典型例题分)I always take some thing to read when I go to the doctors I have to wait. A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as it1A 点拨：in case引导的状语从句。句意为：。当我去看病时。总是带上读的东西，以防等待(时好用得上)。”回顾2 测试考点 3 (典型例题e have ple- ted his work, otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant2B点拨：must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测。句意为：“他肯定完成工作了否则，他不可能在海边玩得那么愉快。”回顾3 测试考点 6 (典型例题n our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table man- ners. A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed. D. hoped3B 点拨：remind sbto do sth“提醒某人千某事”的被动形式。 回顾4 测试考点3 ,( 典型例题 分 ) My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would4c 点拨：could have done用于疑问句中。表示对过去情况的可能推测。回顾5 测试考点 3 (典型例题I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere. A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped5B 点拨：must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测。回顾6 测试考点 3 (典型例题There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ? A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they6D点拨：must have done的反意疑问句中如果没有表过去的时间状语，借助于havehas进行反意疑问；如果有表示过去的时间状语，借助币did进行反意疑问。2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机 一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1：口语It/That(all)depends 预测根据：交际用语是每年高考中必考的一个内容，口语It/That(a11)depends“这要看情况而定”，是交际用语中使用频率较高的一个重点句型，也是高考中近几年经常考查的要点。命题角度预测：此交际用语通常会在听力测试或单项选择中进行。如果出现在听力测试部分，造成的干扰性会更大，因为它表达了说话者实际上没有当场作出结论的意思。预测2：辨析：should have done，shouldnt have done 预测根据：情态动词+have+过去分词的用法，表示对过去发生情况的一种表达，是高考语法考查的重点。should have done表示“过去本应该干某事而实际上没做”和shouldnt have done表示“过去本不应该干某事而实际上却做了”，是考查的一个热点。 命题角度预测：此要点通常会在单项选择中出现，会在一定语境的基础上，要求考生判断出选择的项与所给语境的融合统一。预测3：表示某人/某物本身具有某特点，用动词的主动形式。 预测根据：动词的时态与语态是高考考查的重点，也是一个难点。有些动词，如open，write，wash，sell等，表示某人/某物本身具有的特点时，不用被动形式，是考情预测 年高考题中可现性较高的一部分内容。 命题角度预测：此要点在单项选择、完形填空中出现的可能性大，务必掌握好此类动词的此种用法。 预测4：no matter+特殊疑问词引导状语从句 预测根据：状语从句是高考语法的一个重要组成部分，no matter+特殊疑问词引导的状语从句，是近几年高考对状语从句考查的热点之一。 命题角度预测：此句型的考查通常会在单项选择中出现，设项通常会有特殊疑问词，连词，no matter+特殊疑问词等，干扰性很大，务必要搞清楚要表达的意思及句子中所缺少的成分。预测5：话题预测 本单元的话题是“科技”，因此与此话题有关的阅读理解也许会出现，这属于说明文，也是科普类的文章，需要考生从原理及如何运用某产品等方面去了解此类文章，这也是考生在做阅读理解方面的一个难点。二、考题预测 备考1测试考点2 -Will you e to my birthday party this weekend? -It A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending1B点拨：lt aIl depends看情况而定。 备考2测试考点 1 They havent reached any agreement the plan. A. on B. to C. for D. with2A 点拨：reach any agreement on就达成协议。 备考3测试考点 3 -I heard they went skiing in the .mountains last winter. -It true because there was little snow there.A. must not be B. wont be C. eouidnt have been D. mustnt have been3c 点拨：表示对过去情况的否定推测，不用mustnt而用couldnt。 备考4测试考点4 What you said my stress.A. added B. added up C. added to D. added up to4c 点拨：add加；补充说；addp合汁；add t0增加；add up to合计达。句意为：“你所说的增加了我的压力。” 备考5测试考点13 I saw him. he was always smiling.A. When B. Whenever C. What D. Whatever5B点拨：句意为：“不管何时见到他他总是微笑着。” 备考6测试考点 2 He is always late for work. You can never his arriving on time. A. depend on B. depend C. dependence D. dependent6A点拨：depend 0n依靠指望其他选项词性和搭配都不符合句意。 备考7测试考点6 It me France when I listen to the song.A. reminds; in B. remind; of C. reminds; of D. reminded; in7c 点拨：根据句子时态可知remind需变单三形式，remind sbof sth提醒某人某事。 备考8测试考点 12 It may rain, youd better take an umbrella just it does.A. in case B. in any case C. in this case D. in.no case8A点拨：in case万一，其他选项不合句意。