2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题04动词及动词短语精品教学案（含解析）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题04动词及动词短语精品教学案（含解析）【xx考纲解读】动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。其考点主要包括：1考查动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。2考查动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨 析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break， cut，e，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold， fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take等。高考对动词、动词短语的考查，除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光， 磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申); sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说，嗤之以鼻(引申); stir移动，搅拌(本意)煽动(引申); break down发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申)，同时还有“恸哭”之意； look into向里面看(本意)调查， 研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意； work out的基本意思为“解决， 算出， 制订出”，较生意思为“锻炼”。3.考查系动词、半系动词用法。动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, bee, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, e, fall, stand, lie, exist等。此外，一些无被动语态形式的“个性”动词(短语)也是学习的重点，如belong to(属于)，witness(见证，目击)等。xx年高考命题仍然会坚持结合语境考查考生对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用能力，尤其是动词短语的新义、动词的一词多义等。【重点知识梳理】考点一：高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2beat，hit，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”hit表示对准目标打一下，强调击中strike表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat(beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。3adopt，attach，adapt，adjustadoptvt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养attachvt. 把附(在上)；重视attach much importance to. 非常重视adaptvt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于adjustvt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。考点二：高考常考的动词短语辨析1breakbreak away from. 脱离，奋力挣脱break down 出故障，累垮，分解break in 打断，插话，强行进入break into. 闯入，破门而入break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break through 突围，冲破，突破break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.如果你继续像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。2bringbring about 引起，导致，使发生bring in 引进(技术)，赚钱，带来(收入)bring up 抚养，培养，哺育bring down/up (the price) 使降低，减少，降价/提价比较：(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。3callcall at (someplace) 访问(某地)，拜访(某地)比较：call on(sb.) 拜访(某人)，访问(某人)call back 回电话call in 请来，召集call off 取消call on/upon 号召call up 给打电话，使人想起call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。4ee about 发生，产生e across 偶然相遇e on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快e out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发(芽)，(花)开e up 被提出，上来，走近，上升，长出来e up with. 提出，想出(主意)，找出(答案)，赶上e into being 形成e into use 投入使用If you e across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。5getget away from 逃脱，逃离get away with 做了坏事而未受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事get in 进入，收割，达到get over 克服，恢复get across 理解，(使)渡过get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)After that，he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。6givegive away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发give in 投降，让步，屈服give back 归还，送回give off 释放，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give up 放弃，辞去He said he wasnt disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave himself away.他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。7gogo against 违反，违背go over 复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去go out 熄灭，出去，外出go without 没有也行，没有也能勉强应付go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。8holdhold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out 维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up 使耽搁hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)hold together 团结一致hold on to 保留，抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。9looklook back on. 回顾，回忆look on 旁观，观望look into. 往里面看，浏览，调查look out 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询The authorities will look into the case further before they can e to a conclusion about it.官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。10makemake the best of 充分利用make up for 补偿，弥补make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑make up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of 充分利用make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。11putput away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存put down 扑灭，镇压，记下put forward 提出，建议put off 延期，拖延put on (戏)上演，穿上，戴上put out 扑灭，熄灭，出版，生产put up 挂起，张贴，搭起，建立put up with 忍受，容忍Why do we have to put up with Susans selfish behavior? We have to teach her to care for others.为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。12setset about doing sth.set out to do sth. 着手/开始做某事set aside 留出，搁/放在一边set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起，引起set out (for.) 动身去()set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起The couple set aside some money every month for their future use even though their ine can only make ends meet.这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用，尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。例1、（xx湖北，26)In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleeppure and simple.Aset aside Bset down Cset off Dset up13taketake in 吸收，接纳，欺骗take on 呈现，雇用take over 继承，接管，接替take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去(时间、空间、地位等)take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。14turnturn down 拒绝；调低turn in 上交turn out 结果是，证明是turn over 移交，交给turn up 出现；调高turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn away 走开turn to 求助于；翻到You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.你看上去很伤心，怎么了？我的建议再次被拒绝了。考点三：动词的熟词生义很多动词都有些平时考试中很少考到的用法，往往在此处设陷阱。1address vt. 向发表演说；直接向说话(熟义：n.地址 v. 写地址)It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。2act vi. 起作用(熟义：行动)It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.药物需要几分钟起作用。3drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义；驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal.饥饿迫使她偷窃。4escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v. 逃跑；逃脱)His name escapes me for the moment.此刻我忘记了他的名字。5fail v. 不足，缺乏；忽略；衰退(熟义：失败，不及格)Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。6introduce v. 以开始(熟义：介绍，引进)He introduced his speech with a joke.他的演讲以一个笑话开始。7knock vt. 批评，说不好(熟义：敲，打)The critics knocked his latest play.评论家抨击了他最近的戏剧。8labour vi. 费力地行走，干苦活(熟义：劳动)They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill.他们艰难地穿行于茂密的森林，攀登于峻峭的山岭。9admit vt. 允许进入，容纳(熟义：承认)The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.仆人打开门，并请我进去。The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个剧场只能容纳一千人。10back vt. 支持(熟义：n.背，后面)Many of his friends backed his plan.他的许多朋友支持他的计划。11count vi. 重要；vt. 认为 熟义：数(数目)Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的妻子。12cover v. 走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；涉及；报道(熟义：覆盖)Here is 5; that should cover all your expenses.这儿有5英镑，应该够你的费用。13develop vt. 染上，冲洗，开发(熟义：发展)The year she was born her father developed a rare disease called lupus.她出生的这一年，她的父亲得了一种称为狼疮的罕见疾病。14employ vt. 使用，采取(熟义：雇佣)The country employed a new policy.这个国家采取了一种新的政策。15freeze v. 不许动，停止走动(熟义：冻结，冻冰)Freeze! Drop your arms!不许动，放下武器！16figure v. 认为，想像(熟义：n.数字；雕塑，人物)She figured that she would be next.她认为她可能就是下一个。17fine v. & n. 罚款(熟义：adj. 好的，晴朗的)He was fined $200.他被罚了200美元。18head v. 动身去(熟义：头)The ship was heading for Shanghai.这艘船开往上海。19jump n. & vi. (大幅度)上涨(熟义：跳)Last week the price of goods jumped.上周物价急剧上涨。20lay vt. 向提出；制定(熟义：放，摆设，生蛋)The prisoner laid an escape plan.那个囚犯制定了一个越狱计划。【高频考点突破】考点一、考查动词辨析例1（xx新课标全国卷） Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A. check Ballow Cstop Dhelp 【变式探究】（xx浙江卷）When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to_ it with important points. A. conclude Blead C. avoid Dhold 【变式探究】（xx江苏卷）The town is so beautiful! I just love it. Me too.The character of the town is well _Aqualified Bpreserved Cdecorated Dsimplified 【解析】B句意：“这座城市如此美丽啊！我喜爱它。”“我也是。这座城市的特征得到了很好的保存。” preserve意为“保护，保存”，符合题意。qualify有资格；decorate装饰；simplify简化。考点二、考查动词短语辨析例2、（xx江西卷）She _ the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.A. connected Bfitted C. equipped Dmatched【变式探究】（xx福建卷）Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _in disasters.A. turn down Bturn outC. break down D. break out【变式探究】（xx江苏卷）Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook over Ctake over De over考点三、近义动词或形近动词辨析例3. Those who want to say anything more _ your hand and then _ to speak.Aarise; raise Braise; riseCraise; arouse Drise; raise【解析】B句意：谁还想说？请举手立刻起立。raise your hand“举手”；rise“起立，起身”。【经典考题精析】 【xx高考真题精选】（xx新课标I卷）30. At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off （xx新课标I卷）28. The drive wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _ . A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not （xx新课标I卷）23. Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A. check B. allow C. stop D. help 【答案】D 【解析】解题关键：考生需掌握短语more than one can help的意思 “尽量不，绝对不”，故正确答案是D。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。【考点定位】本题考查动词词义辨析。（xx新课标卷)2. Would you like to with us to the film tonight?A. e alongB. e offC. e acrossD. e through（xx浙江）17.Bears_ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.A.pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up答案：B解析：（xx浙江）12.A good listener takes part in the conversation,_ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A.realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding答案：C解析：（xx浙江）9.When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to _it with important points.A.conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold答案：A解析：（xx大纲卷）22. Would you like to with us to the film tonight?A. e alongB. e offC. e acrossD. e through【答案】A解析：（xx福建卷)24.Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.A. enjoysB. involvesC. practicesD. suggests（xx湖北卷)24. According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A. associate B. dispute C. negotiate D. register（xx湖北卷)25. Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.A. carry on B. feed on C. put on D. focus on【答案】B【解析】句意：蝴蝶吃由花产生的甜的液体，这种液体是由蜜蜂和其他昆虫的收集的。carry on“进行，开展，经营” ；feed on“以为食”；put on“穿戴，上演，举办，播放”；focus on“致力于，使聚焦于，使直射于，(使)集中”。【考点定位】考查动词短语的意义。（xx湖北卷)26. In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleeppure and simple.A. set aside B. set down C. set off D. set up（xx湖北卷)22. Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is being warmer.A. difference B. parison C. connection D. barrier（xx江苏卷)33. With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.A. shareB. chanceC. turnD. lead（xx江苏卷)29. Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A. get overB. look overC. take overD. e over【答案】A【解析】句意：团队领导必须保证所有的成员都能克服天生的欲望去避免因错误而产生尴尬。“get over” 克服；恢复；熬过；原谅；“look over”忽略，俯视；“take over”接管；“e over” 过来；顺便来访；抓住。【考点定位】考查动词词组。（xx江苏卷)23. The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too. The character of the town is well _.A. qualifiedB. preservedC. decoratedD. simplified（xx江西卷)27.Mother always plains that children _ their shoes very quickly.A. find outB. wash outC. wear outD. set out（xx辽宁卷)31.Hard is feeling unfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.A.could drink B.should drink C.would have drunk D.must have drunk（xx安徽卷)30. David is animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.A. curious about B. allergic to C. satisfied with D. food of（xx安徽卷)26. Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they on their life jouney. A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off【xx高考真题精选】 【xx江西卷】30We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.AmakeBturnCtakeDhave【xx全国II】12. We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down【考点定位】考查动词短语的含义。【xx浙江卷】15.Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_ preparing your business plan.A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up【xx浙江卷】12.According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to_from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A. differB. shrinkC. failD. decline【xx湖北卷】21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to _ our schools campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years agoA. sponsorB. launchC. organize D. plan【答案】A【考点定位】考查动词辨析。难度中等。【解析】该句意为：两位律师捐赠了5，0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动A项意为“赞助”，符合句意；B项意为“发射，开办”，C项意为“组织”，D项意为“计划”，都与句意不同。故A项正确。【xx湖北卷】22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and ments on my paper and _ every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded【xx湖北卷】23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up【xx湖北卷】24. Im so glad youve e here to _ this matter in person.tick to /look fore to _neutralA. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to【xx江苏卷】26. OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up.You cantyour responsibilities.A. run off with B. run up against C. run out ofD. run away from【xx安徽卷】28. The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up 【2011高考真题精选】（2011山东卷,25They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out（2011江苏卷,30You look upset. Whats the matter？ I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down【答案】D【考点定位】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？我的建议又遭到拒绝了。”turn over翻身，翻转，把移交；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋；turn off关掉（电器、水龙头等），使厌烦；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝。根据句意选D。（2011江苏卷,28Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.AdenyBrefuseCrejectDdecline（2011福建卷,28Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve（2011安徽卷,21As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops（2011湖北卷,27The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult【答案】A【考点定位】考查动词的辨析。【解析】negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说：我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。（2011湖北卷,28Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate（2011辽宁卷,22What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre to be asleep. ,A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered（2011辽宁卷,24You are old enough to your own living.A.win B. gain C. take D. earn（2011全国卷,26I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.A. e up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to【答案】B【考点定位】考查短语动词的辨析。（2011天津卷,8She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across（2011福建卷,31Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back（2011安徽卷, 34If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. e acrossB. care aboutC. look forD. focus upon（2011浙江卷,6The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose Ill just have to _it,A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with（2011湖北卷,29The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down（2011辽宁卷,26The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away（2011江西卷35You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.【答案】C【考点定位】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】run out 耗尽；break out 打破；work out 算出，实现；put out 扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。