2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 17 Great women 人教版大纲第一册.doc

2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 17 Great women 人教版大纲第一册I单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1inspiring/inspired 2admiration 3generosity 4storm 5threat 6regretful 7valuable 8Graduate高考须掌握的短语：1around 2down 3terms考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1inspire vt鼓舞；激励；启示eg： I was inspired to work harder than ever before 我受激励后比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。相关链接：inspired adj受鼓舞的；有灵感的 inspiring adj激发灵感的；鼓舞人心的inspiration n灵感用法拓展：inspire sthin sb(一inspire sbwith sth)使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情 inspire sthinto sb把某种思想灌输给某人案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1 (典型例题)Greatly , the students made up their minds to work harder at English. A. inspiring B. inspired C. having-inspired D. to inspire考题1点拨；答素为B。主句中的主语与inspire之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。句意为：“学生们受到极大鼓舞，决定曼努力地学习英语。” 2mesh adj卑鄙的；吝啬的eg：He is very mean with money他对钱非常吝啬。 That was a mean trick!那是卑鄙的伎俩!相关链接：mean v意思是，意味着；意欲，打算eg： The new order will mean working overtime新订单意味着加班加点。 l didnt mean to hurt you我并不想伤害你。 means n方式，方法meaning n意义，意思，含义 meaningful adj有目的的；有意义的用法拓展：mean sth/doing sth意味着某事/做某事 mean to do打算做某事be meant to必须；得要考题2 (典型例题)I _ you earlier but I had no time. A. had meant to see B; meant to see C. had meant seeing D. meant seeing考题2点拨：答案为A。首先应是mean to do句式表示打算/意欲做某事，所以排除c、D项，再者表示“本来打算早一些去看你”，所以用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法。3regret n遗憾；后悔；抱歉yr为感到遗憾；后悔eg：I regret spending so much money on a car我后悔在一辆小汽车上花了这么多钱。 I regret to say I cannot e很抱歉，我不能来了。 He told me with regret that he COt/ld not e to the party 他很抱歉地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。 一用法拓展：regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔(已做) regret to do对要做的事遗憾(未做) have no regrets没有遗憾 I regret(to say)that我很遗憾；很抱歉 It is to be regretted that使人遗憾的是；真可惜考题3 (典型例题 分)-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done考题3点拨：答案为D。regret doing sth表示“对做过的事情遗憾、后悔”，regret to do表示“对要做的事遗憾”，根据“你在会议上提出反对意见真是太勇敢了”，说明已做过，所以选D。4promise n&v承诺，允诺，答应；有的征兆/可能eg： He promised me a quick answer他答应我从速答复。 made a promise that if anyone set me free，I Would make him very rich我许下诺言，如果谁把我释放了，我会使他很富有。 The dark clouds promise a henvy rain乌云是下大雨的征兆。用法拓展：keep/hold ones promise遵守诺言 break ones promise违背诺言 give/make a promise许诺promise sbsth答应某人某事 promise(sb)to do sth答应(某人)做某事promise(sb)that从句考题4(典型例题The heavy snow a harvest new year. A. advises B. suggests C. promises D. permits考题4点拨：答案为C。advise建议; suggest建议，表明；promise在此句中表示“有的征兆/可能”，permit许可。句意为：“瑞雪兆丰年。”5value vt重视；估价；评价n价值；价格eg： How do you value him as a writer?你如何评价他作为一个作家? I value your frlendship very highly我非常珍惜你的友谊。 we must reaIize the vaIue of the boo k我们必须意识到这本书的价值。用法拓展：good value for money口(钱)花得值，值得买of no value没有价值的 put/set little value on/upon对评价不高；不怎么重视 put/set much/a high value on/upon对给予高度评价 value oneself on/upon以自豪；以夸耀自己 we never know the value of water tIll the welIis dry谚井干方知水可贵。考题5 ( 典型例题 分 ) Youll find this book of great in help-ing you to go over your lessons. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness考题5点拨:答案为c。of great valHe很有价值。句意为：“你将发现这本书在帮你复习功课方面很有价值。”二、重点短语 6keep doing sth继续做某事，不断地做某事eg： The teIephone kept ringing until I answered电话铃声一直响着，直到我去接才停。用法拓展：keep on doing继续做某事(强调决心和反复性) keepdoing sth让继续做某事keepftom doing sth不使/不让/阻止做某事考题6 (典型例题)His valuable ad- vice kept me making a serious mistake. A. / B. from C. in D. on考题6点拨:答案为B。his valuable advice表示出他的建议对我有好处，所以用keep sbfrom doing“使某人避免做某事”句式。句意为：“他的有价值的建议使我免于犯下严重的错误。” 7die down变弱；平息；消失 eg：It took a long time for the exeitement to die down兴奋的情绪很久才平静下来。用法拓展：die out灭绝，绝迹die of死于疾病、饥寒、情感等内因 die from死于意外事故等外因die away(尤指风、光线、声音)渐息、渐弱考题7 (典型例题)The fire is Please get more coal. A. dying down B. died down C. dying away D. died away考题7点拨：答案为A。die无被动式，可排除B、D项；die down表示变弱，dieaway指风、光线、声音等渐弱。句意为：“火快灭了，请多加点煤。”8e；to terms with甘心忍受(不愉快的处境)；妥协eg：Mary has e to terms with the fact that she has failed in the exam玛丽已接受了她考试失败这一事实。用法拓展：bring to terms使就范(即同意某条件) e to terms/mflke terms达成协议 in no uncertain terms直截了当地；毫不含糊地 in terms of就而论 od good/bad/friendly terms好/坏/友好的关系考题8 terms of money they are quite rich, but not of happi-ness. A. On B. For C. To D. In考题e点拨：答案为D。in terms of就而论。句意为：“就钱来说，他们很富有，但论及幸福就不行了。”三、重点交际用语9Theimpression shemakes nleis她给我留下的印象是。 这是在口语中表达对某人评价时常用的一句交际用语，活用了make an impression on sb(给某人留下印象)句型。考题9 What do you think of her? -The _ she makes on me is that she is very clever. A. idea B. opinion C. impression D. attitude 考题9点拨：答案为C。The impression sbmakes on sbis某人给某人留下的印象是。四、重点句型10sbis about to do sth某人正要干某事。 eg： I was about to leave when she called up她打电话过来的时候我正要离开。特别提醒be about to do表示马上要做，立刻要干某事，不可与时间状语连用，如考题10考题10 (典型例题The Smiths leave in two days, so ld like to visit them and say good-bye to them. A. is about to B. are about to C. is to D. are to考题10点拨：答案为D。the Smiths指史密斯一家人或夫妇两人，用复数谓语动词，可排除A、C项Ibe about to do不与时间状语连用be to do表示计划或安排做某事。 五、词语辨析11be known as，be known for，be known to be known as作为而著称be known for因为而闻名 be known to为所熟知 eg：Kunming is known to us as“Spring City”for its pleasant climate昆明作为“春城”因为它宜人的气候而为我们所熟知。考题11 (典型例题分)As we all know,F Charlie Chaplin was known for his silent films than his sound ones. A. much B. well C. more D. better考题11点拨:答案为D。根据than his sound ones可断定构成了比较级，可排除A、B项;well-known的比较级为better-known，最高级为bestknown。语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余主谓一致 谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致中要注意语法一致，意义一致和就近原则。注意以下情况：1两个作主语用的名词或代词由eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut(also)连接时，谓语动词应与后l一个主语的人称和数一致。 eg：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it学生们和教师都不知道这件事。 Either he or I am wrong不是他错就是我错了。 Not only the students but(also)the teacher is active in sports and games不但学生，就连老师都积极参加体育运动。2两个并列主语由as well as，with，together with，like，but，except等连接时，谓语动词由第一个名词的单复数决定。 eg：Tom as well as his classmates likes pop music汤姆和他的同学们一样喜欢流行音乐。3作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词可用单数，若就其中各个成员来考虑，谓语动词则用复数。 eg： My family enjoy sports and games我们全家人都喜欢体育运动。 My family has moved into a new house我家已搬进了新房子。4表示数目、时间、金额的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数。 eg：Two hours is enough for us to finish the experiment我们做完这项实验，两个小时就够了。 Ten dollars is too cheap for this pair of shoes这双鞋10元钱太便宜了。5两个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念谓语动词用复数，如果表示同一概念谓语动词要用单数。 eg： Wu Dong and Wu xi are twin brothers吴东和吴西是孪生兄弟。The singer and dancer es from Guangxi那位歌舞演员来自广西。(同一人)6each，either，neither或由some，any，no，every构成的合成代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 eg：Nobody wants to go there没有人愿意去那里。 Each of us has read the book我们每个人都已经看过这本书。 Neither of them is interested in English他们两人都对英语不感兴趣。考题1( 典型例题 )-Is there anybody in the classroom? -No, the teacher as well as the students to the playground. A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone考题2 (典型例题)Thirty per-cent of the cattle thin, but the rest fat. A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is Either of the stories is interesting这两个故事中的任何一个都有趣。 Somebody is waiting for you at the gate of the school有人在学校大门口等你。 7none作主语时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。 eg：None knows(或knoW)a greatdeal about this experiment没有一个人对这项实验知道得很多。8peopk，police。cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数。 eg： The people in the city are very friendly那个城市的人很友好。 The plice are searching for the murderer警察正在寻找杀人犯。 The cattle are grazing near the river牛在河边吃草。 9用“every/each/no/many a/a great deal of+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数， 而“a great many/a great mumber of等+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词则用复数。 eg：Many a student and teacher is watching the football match许多学生和老师正在观看足球比赛。 Every man and woman attends the meeting男的、女的都参加这次会议。 A great deal of our time was spent on this test我们很多时间花费在这项试验上。 A great many people have moved into new houses许多人搬进了新居。 10有些名词只有复数形式可根据谓语单复数来判断其主语所表示的事物的实际单复数。eg：The steel WOEks in the country produce more steel than those in that country这个国家的钢厂比那个国家的钢厂生产的钢要多。 The steel works was butIt in the 1950s这个钢厂是20世纪50年代建的。 11 “There be+并列主语”句型中谓语应就近一致。 eg： There is a pen and two b00ks on the desk桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。 There are two books and a book on the des k桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。 12 “the+形容词/-ed分词”这一表示一类人的结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 eg： The injured have been taken to a hosplita1伤员已被送往医院。 The young are required to respect the old年轻人应该尊敬老年人。 考题1点拨：答案为c。as well as连接并列主语时，由第一个名词的单复数确定谓语动词，可排除A、D项；用完成时强调对现在状况的影响。考题2点拨:答案为A。cattle是个集合名词，“牛的总称”，百分之，乙/几分之几修饰名词时，由of后的名词单复数来确定谓语动词因此第一个空应是复数形式are；the rest作主语，谓语动词由其指代的内客确定，在此指代“其他的牛”，因此第二个空也应是复数形式are。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究： 专题详解： 情态动词的语法特征有：1情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2情态动词除ought和have外后面只能接不带to的不定式。3情态动词没有人称和数的变化。4情态动词没有非谓语形式即没有不定式、分词等形式。考题 -Shall I book a table for the dinner.? The restaurant wont be full this evening. A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustnt C. No, you dont have to D. ld rather not考题点拨：答案为c。dont have to=neednt，表示“没有必要”。根据后文“餐馆今晚不会满座”可知c为正确答案。V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试语法 ( 典型例题 分 ) The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be1A 点拨with连接并列主语，由前者决定谓语动词的单复数。回顾2 测试考点5 (典型例题l 分)You will find this map of great in helping you to get around the city.A. source B. sense C. favour D. value2D 点拨:value价值。A来源，B感觉，c赞成、利益，都与题意不符。回顾3 测试语法 (典型例题Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working3c 点拨:along with连接并列主语，由前者决定谓语动词的单复数。 回顾4 测试语法 (典型例题Nowadays, a large numberof women, especially those from the countryside, in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked4c 点拨a large number of+复数名词+复数谓语动词。句意为t。如今有好多妇女，尤其是来自农村的妇女，在服装加工厂上班。”回顾5 测试语法 ( 典型例题 ) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are .being washed away5D 点拨 large quantities of可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，用复数谓语动词；earth与wash away之间是被动关系，因此D项正确。2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1：表示数目、时间、距离、金额的复数名词作主语 预测根据：表示数目、时间、距离、金额的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这是主谓一致中易考查的一个重点，也是考生容易和汉语表达弄混的一个盲点。 命题角度预测：此结构通常会在单项选择或短文改错中出现。eg：Ten dollars too cheap for this pair of tshoes Aare Bis Cwas Dwere 本题的最佳选项是B，ten dollars作为金额作主语，用单数谓语动词，且指目前的这双鞋子，用一般现在时态表达通常的状况。预测2：what/who/which/all/most等作主语 预测根据：代词what/who/which/all/most等作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数主要由它们所表示的意义决定。 eg： All have seen the film(所有的人都看过这部电影。) All that glitters is not gold(闪光的不全是金子。) 这是容易出错的问题，也是高考考查的重点。 命题角度预测：此要点的考查会在单项选择或短文改错中进行。考生务必要根据语境判断出这些代词指代的意义，决定用单数还是复数谓语动词。预测3：be about to do sth 预测根据：be about to do sth表示“马上/立刻要干某事”，句式本身就含有时间的概念，无需再加时间状语。这一点是许多考生容易忽视的地方，在与其他表将来的句式辨析使用时，容易出错。这一点也是高考设题的一个热点。 命题角度预测：此句型的考查会置于单项选择中进行，考生务必清楚be about to所表达的含义，切不可与时间状语连用。预测4：辨析：regret to do，regret doing 预测根据：regret to do表示“遗憾地干”，regret doing表示“后悔干了”。二者的辨析是高考的一个重点和热点，也是考生容易混淆的一个问题。 命题角度预测：regret to do/regret doing这一要点考查可以在单项选择、完形填空及短文改错中出现，考生务必要分清各自表示的意思，根据所提供的语境作出正确的选择。特别注意regret doing相当于regret to have done。预测5：话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“著名(杰出)女性”，话题涉及“妇女独自南极探险”，“美国电视著名黑人女主持人奥普拉温弗丽的故事”等，语言技能和语言知识都围绕中心话题而设计。高考题中可能会在完形填空、阅读理解或书面表达中体现此中心话题，形式可以是介绍一位杰出女性的不平凡事迹及精神，也可以要求考生给自己崇拜的偶像写一封短信，考查考生对人物的描述能力。二、考题预测 备考1测试考点 1 We were by his speech. A. inspired; inspired B. inspiring; inspiring C. inspi.ring； inspired D. inspired; inspiring1D 点拨inspired受鼓舞的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。备考2测试考点 3 I tell you that you have failed in the exam. A. regret to B. regret C. regretted D. regretted to2A 点拔：regret to do对要做的事表示遗憾/抱歉。备考3测试考点 5 -What do you think of the coat I boughty；sterday? Well，its good for money Aprice Bcharge Cvalue Dthing3c 点拨good value for money表示“物有所值”。备考4测试考点7 The wind had by dusk Adied out Bdying out Cdied away Ddying away 4c点拨，句意为：“黄昏时分风停了。”die out灭绝，消失，die away指风、光线、声音等渐息、渐弱。本句为过去完成时，故选C。 备考5测试语法 一Will you go to his birthday party this Saturday evening? 一It AaIl depepd Ball depends Cis all depended Dis all depending 5B 点拨It aIl depends这要看情况而定。备考6测试语法 A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered6A 点拨with连接并列主语，由前者确定谓语动词，a library 与offer之间是被动关系，放选A。备考7测试语法 Either you or the headmaster the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting Ais handing out Bare to hand out Care handing out Dis to hand out7D点拨eithero r-连接并列主语，谓语动词就近一致Be to do表示计划或安排干某事。备考8测试语法 All the employees except the manager to work online at home Aencourages Bencourage Cis encouraged Dare encouraged8D点拨except连接并列主语，由前者决定渭语动词的单复数；主语与encourage之问是被动关系，故选D。备考9高考新题型：阅读填空 阅读短文，在下面表格内的横线上填写正确信息： The largest and most dangerous animals you might meet in Canada are bears. There are three maintypes: the grizzly bear is the one you may have heard about. This bear is found on the higher slopes(斜坡)of the Rocky and Selkirk Mountain in British Columia, Alberta and the Yukon. The grizzly is a very big animal and can be up to 275cm tall when standing up- right. To make matters worse, its a fast animal. The only good thing about the grizzly is that it cant climb trees. But the grizzly bear is unpredictable( 难以预料的) and easily angered, so be warned. The black bear is found in all regions of Cana- da. Its quite a bit smaller than the grizzly. Its active during the day and unfortunately, it can climb trees. The Polar bear is also very large, up to 680kg in weight, and has thick yel- lowish-white fur. Its a kind of protected species and can move quickly on land and can swim along the distances between coasts and ice floes(浮冰). G=Grizzly bear B=Black bear P=Polar bearBear can-be easily seenB Bear can easily get angry(1)Bear can i：limb trees(2)Bear can move quickly(3)Bear may have large bodyG&P9(1)G (2)B(3)G&P