2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 非谓语动词模拟和真题解析精品教案10.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 非谓语动词模拟和真题解析精品教案10动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语,所以叫做非谓语动词。现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。(一)动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard, to play table tennis。1. 动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building被 动to be buildto have been build2. 动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.(2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up 为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。(3)作宾语: 作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.; 作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.; 动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street.(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I dont think it right to do it that way. (6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语: 目的状语: Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。 too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式,表示“足能”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3. 复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.4. 疑问词 + 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5. 动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如:Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6. 动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:I am sorryto have kept you waiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7. 动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.(二)动词-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。1. -ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2. -ing形式的基本用法。(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.(3)作宾语: 作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much; 作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York; do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? 作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics; 作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. (5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。(6)作状语: 时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因状语:Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. 4. 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:The truck being repaired there is ours.5. 被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6. -ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going there first.7. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today.8. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9. -ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to e again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。10. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.(三)过去分词:1. 过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, pleted, covered等。(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。(4)作状语:过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词,如:Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语。)独立主格:上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语,这种独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定,如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注:The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 独立结构中的being或having been常可省去,如:The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替,如:She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2. -ing形式与过去分词的区别:(1)语态不同:-ing形式表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说;the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。(2)时间关系不同:现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如:The changing world正在发生的世界;the changed world已经起了变化的世界。重难点剖析:1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enterB. to enter C. enteringD. entered陷阱:容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。分析:其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:(1) They did what they could to fort her. 他们尽量安慰她。(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:(4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hope C. hopingD. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A,其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。(5) He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practiseB. to practice C. practising D. practised此题答案选 C,这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关,即 spend (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整,即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _D_ his oral English.A. improve B. to improve C. improvingD. to improving此题答案选D,注意两点:一是 devote to 是固定搭配,意为“把贡献给”;二是其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to do C. being doingD. to be done陷阱:容易误选B,根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。分析:其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题,答案也是 B:She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to clean C. cleanedD. being cleaned再请看以下试题:While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuadeB. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded此题应选C,句中的 cant help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析:此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:(1) devote 意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用 devoteto或be devoted to,其中的to 是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。(2) 选A错误:若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。(3) 选B正确:all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。(4) 选C错误:因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。(5) 选D错误:若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。请做以下类似题(答案均选A):(1) All the preparations for the project _, were ready to start. A. pletedB. have been pleted C. had been pletedD. been pleted(2) Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him.A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supportingD. is, to support比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:(1) All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start. A. pletedB. have been pleted C. had been pletedD. been pleted(2) Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him.A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supportingD. is, to support4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make陷阱:容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。分析:其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but,not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people. A. provide B. to provide C. providingD. provided5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied陷阱:容易误选B。分析:最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:Anyone _ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police. A. finds B. found C. being found D. will find答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are wele to see a case _.A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguingD. being argued(2)The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _.A. turnedB. having turned C. to be turned D. being turned6. Remind me _ the medicine tomorrow. A. of taking B. taking C. to take D. take陷阱:容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。分析:最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:remind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)请看两个例句:I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。 My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?7. Once your business bees international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flight C. flightD. flying陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析: 最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A,you fly 是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。8. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do陷阱:容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。分析: 正确答案为B,因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的 to 也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事object to doing sth反对做某事stick to doing sth 坚持做某事get down to doing sth 开始做某事take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事admit to doing 承认做了某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事,能胜任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样9. Both of my parents insisted _ a puter for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying陷阱:容易误选B,误认为insist后不能接不定式,但可以接动名词。分析:答案应选C。其实,动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为insist 通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词 on或upon,即用于 insist on upon (doing) sth;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句,而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如:He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。10. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typingB. to be typed C. typed D. to type陷阱:容易误选D,根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。分析:最佳答案是B。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如 I have some clothes to wash等,即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系,但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是,这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同,即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较:Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海,我随身要带很多东西去。11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. putB. to put C. puttingD. having put陷阱:容易误选B或C,误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。分析:正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词,其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A):I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station.A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid但是,下面一题稍有不同:Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened此题答案选B,leaving 在此表结果,lying open 与其前的动词leave有关,leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语,表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well.A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doing D. was, to do陷阱:容易误选B。分析:其实正确答案是A。分析如下:(1) 第一空填 be,是因为insisted 后接that从句,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should也可省略。(2) 第二空要填to do,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则是 should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of to do sth (利用做某事)这一结构。另外,还有 make the most of (尽量利用),make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子:(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station.A. to build B. building C. build D. built此题答案选 A,不是 B。为便于理解,可先考虑以下结构:make use of every part of the materials to build the power station由此可见,make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials,其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。(2) Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense?A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry outD. to carry out陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。 分析:答案选A。此句结构较复杂,现分析如下:(1) that they would like to see _ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系,故填过去分词 carried out。请做以下类似试题:(1) Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have goB. to have to go C. to have goneD. having to go在确定答案之前,我们先来看看下面这个句子:I think Id like to have a boy go with me. 句中的 go 要用原形,这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中,假若对名词a boy 提问,便可得出:Who do you think youd like to have go with you?对照上面一题,答案很显然是A。(2) Who did the boss _ his car this time?A. make washB. make to wash C. make washingD. making to wash在做此题之前,也请先看看下面这个句子:The boss made Jack wash his car this time.假若对句中的名词Jack 提问,便可得出:Who did the boss make wash his car this time?由此可知上面题答案为A。(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _ your house all by myself.A. foundB. finding C. to findD. for finding此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has e B. to have e C. to having e D. has e陷阱:几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析:其实正确答案是A。大家知道,短语 look forward to意为“盼望”,其中的 to 是介词,而不是不定式符号,所以后接动词要用动名词,许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是,句中介词 to 的宾语不是have e,而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是:the holiday为句子主语,we have been looking forward to
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