《环境能源技术》PPT课件.ppt

确认能效潜力和节能机会：技术信息和对标 Identifying Energy Efficiency Potential and Savings Opportunities: Technical Information and Benchmarking 重点耗能企业最佳节能实践国际研讨会,Motivation 促动因素,Industry consumes 36% of global primary energy 工业部门消耗了36的全球一次能源,The Environmental Challenge环境挑战,High levels of industrial production and energy use can have serious environmental consequences including: 大规模的工业生产和高能耗造成了严重的环境污染 air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 industrial waste 工业废物 greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global warming 温室气体排放带来的全球气候的变暖 Untapped potential energy efficiency improvements also represent economic losses不挖掘提高能效的潜力也相当于造成经济损失 Improved energy efficiency will reduce many of these emissions and save money 能效的提高将减少污染物的排放和节约成本。,Informational, estimator and management tools 信息、预测和管理工具 Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR for Industry 环保署的工业能源之星 Department of Energy Industrial Technologies Program Tools DOE工业技术项目工具 Case Studies and Best Practices 案例研究和最佳实践,Outline,Benchmarking and benchmarking tools 对标和对标工具 Overview回顾 Examples of Benchmarking Around the World 世界对标范例 Different methods of benchmarking and examples of each 不同方法的对标和范例 Norways IEEN Program 挪威IEEN项目 EPAs Energy Performance Indicator (EPI) 环保署的能效指标 The Netherlands Benchmarking Covenants 荷兰对标契约 LBNLs Benchmarking and Energy Savings Tool (BEST) LBNL对标和节能工具,Outline概要,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环保署,ENERGY STAR 能源之星,Voluntary U.S. government program that helps manufacturers protect the environment through superior energy efficiency 美国政府部门的自愿项目，旨在通过提高能效，帮助生产商保护环境 Over 450 partner companies in a wide range of industries 超过450合作公司，涉及工业各个领域,http:/www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industry,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环境署,Provides energy management resources for energy managers 为能源管理者提供能源管理信息 Promotes sharing of ideas, networking & recognition 促进信息共享、网络和共识 Energy Guidebooks - technical opportunities assessment report for plant and energy managers (next slides) 能源指南为企业和能源管理者提供技术评价报告 Energy performance indicator for enterprises to “benchmark” energy efficiency (discussed later) 企业能源性能指标，以同能效进行对标,ENERGY STAR 能源之星,http:/www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industry,Energy Guides (1) 能源指南（1）,Industry overview 工业概况 Process description 工艺描述 Energy use summary 能耗概要 Energy efficiency opportunities 提高能效机会 Brief overview of technology or practice 技术或实践的简要概述 Limitations on applicability (if any) 应用的局限性（如果有） Typical energy savings 典型的节能量 Typical simple payback period 典型的简单回收期 Case study data from real-world industrial applications 工业实际应用的案例数据 References to further information in the public domain 出版物未来信息的参考,http:/www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industry,Energy Guides (2) 能源指南（2）,Written specifically for plant and energy managers 主要为企业和能源管理者提供书面的材料 Reviewed by industry professionals and experts 由工业专业人员和专家评审 Goals of the guides 指南目标 Reduce information barriers 减少信息障碍 Quantify energy and savings 能源和节能量化 Checklist of potential efficiency opportunities to be evaluated 评价提高节能潜力机会的清单 Starting point for more detailed analysis of selected measures 成为所选择的措施进行更详细分析的起点 Support in “making the case” for energy and water efficiency measures within an organization 为节能和节水措施“制造案例”提高支持 Highlight industry success stories 突出工业成功的案例 save energy, money and the environment,http:/www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=industry.bus_industry,U.S. Department of Energy Tools 美国能源部的能源工具,AIRMaster+ Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Fan System Assessment Tool (FSAT) MotorMaster+ NOx and Energy Assessment (NxEAT) Process Heating Assessment and Survey Tool (PHAST) Quick Plant Energy Profiler (PEP) Steam Systems,http:/www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html,AIRMaster+ 热电联产 风机系统评价工具 电机 氮氧化物和能源评价 工艺热评价和调查工具 快速了解企业能源概况 蒸汽系统,U.S. Department of Energy Tools 美国能源部能源工具,Model the supply-side of a utility systems to identify efficiency improvement opportunities Use plant-specific data Evaluate the operational costs for various equipment configurations and system profiles Provide estimates of potential savings gained from selected energy efficiency measures and calculates the associated simple payback periods,http:/www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html,电力系统需求侧管理模式，以确定提高能效机会 使用工厂自己的数据 评价不同设备和系统状况的运行成本 提供预测的不同能效措施的节能潜力和计算相关的简单回收期,U.S. Department of Energy Tools 美国能源部能源工具,Quick PEP Uses basic information about major energy-consuming systems, entered by the user, to create a report that profiles plant energy usage. Identifies specific targeted ways to economically save energy and help reduce environmental emissions associated with energy production and use.,快速了解企业能源概况 用户只要输入有关主要耗能系统的用能基础情况，就可以生成企业用能情况的报告 确认具体的、有针对性的、经济可行的节能措施，有助于减少与能源生产和利用相关的环境排放。,Description of where a commercially-available technology or measure has been put in place in industry Provides data on Typical energy savings Costs Simple payback period,Case Studies Illustrate Best Practice 以案例说明最佳实践,描述在企业使用过什么样的商业可行的技术或措施 提供以下的数据 典型的节能量 成本 简单投资回收期,For example, a metals extrusion company in the UK replaced 5 motors with high efficiency motors. 例如：英国一家金属挤压公司利用高效电机替代5个电机 Savings = 11,660 kWh/year 节约 11,660 kWh/年 Costs = $2015(1992 US $) 成本 $2015(1992 US $) Payback period = 1.6 years 投资回收期1.6年 From the CADDET database 来自CADDET数据库,Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Measures for Industry 工业能效技术和措施,US EPA Energy Star for Industry Program (with # of measures for each) 美国EPA能源之星的工业项目 Auto assembly: 93 汽车装配：93 Breweries: 45 酿造：45 Cement: 40 水泥：40 Corn Refining: 95 玉米加工：95 Food processing: 150 食品加工：150 Glass: 114 玻璃：114 Petrochemicals: 100 石化：100 Petroleum refining: 90 石油炼制：90 Pharmaceuticals: 102 医药：102 Pulp and Paper (ongoing) 纸浆和造纸（在进行中）,Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Measures for Industry 工业能效技术和措施,US DOE Industrial Technologies Program 美国能源部工业技术项目 90 new technologies “for today” for aluminum, chemicals, forest products, glass, metal casting, plastics, mining, petroleum refining, steel 约有90新技术可以运用到铝、化工、森林产品、玻璃、金属铸造、塑料、开采、石油炼制、钢 Energy-efficient technologies for industrial systems (motors, steam, compressed air, etc.) 工业系统能源技术 (电机、蒸汽、空压等),Australias Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program 澳大利亚能效最佳实践项目http:/www.industry.gov.au/ The European Unions Managenergy Program 欧盟管理项目 International Energy Agencys Center for the Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy Technologies (CADDET) database 国际能源署中心的能源技术示范分析和推广数据库 http:/www.caddet.org/ Japans Energy Conservation Center (ECC) fact sheets with data 日本节能中心的数据表 http:/www.aseanenergy.org/projects/promeec/td.php?link=td&page=industry Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE)/ Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) 加拿大自然资源能效办公室/加拿大工业节能项目 http:/oee.nrcan.gc.ca/cipec/ieep/index.cfm,Examples of Case Studies and Best Practices (1) 案例例证和最佳实践（1）,The Netherlandss SenterNovem Agency for Energy and Environment 荷兰能源环境署（SenterNovem） http:/www.senternovem.nl/mja/energie_efficiency/energiebesparende_maatregelen/index.asp UKs Carbon Trust http:/www.carbontrust.co.uk/energy 英国碳基金 U.S. Department of Energy Office (DOE) of Industrial Technologies Best Practice Program http:/www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/ 美国能源部工业技术最佳实践项目 U.S. DOE Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) database 美国能源部工业评价中心数据库http:/www.iac.rutgers.edu/database/,Examples of Case Studies and Best Practices (2) 案例例证和最佳实践（2）,Benchmarking Tools: Overview 对标工具：概述,Tests the perception of efficiency at an enterprise Assess energy or emission reduction potentials and cost savings Experience with benchmarking programs worldwide have shown increased attention for energy efficiency, emission reductions and performance,检测企业能效情况 评价能源或减排潜力和节约成本 提供对标项目的国际经验，以增加对能效、减排和运行的关注。,Benchmarking Tools: Overview 对标工具：概述,Methods of comparison: Peers National or regional best practice International best practice Benchmarking can lead to Target-Setting: determining a long-range goal for improvement Based on assessment of plant energy efficiency and emissions reduction potential Common approach in industrialized countries,比较方法 同等水平 国家或地区最佳实践 国际最佳实践 对标可导致目标的制定：确定长期的目标 基于企业能效和减排潜力的评价 工业化国家的一般方法,Benchmarking Tool Examples 对标例证,Private Sector Tools like the Solomon Index (peer to peer) NRCans Canadian Industrial Programme for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) (peer to peer) UKs Best Practice Program (peer to peer and temporal) Norways IEEN Program (peer to peer) US EPAs Energy Performance Indicator (EPI) (regional best practice) The Netherlands Benchmarking Covenants (international best practice) LBNLs Benchmarking and Energy Savings Tool (BEST) (international best practice),私营部门工具 Solomon 指数（对等） 加拿大工业节能项目（对等） 英国最佳实践项目 挪威IEEN项目 美国EPA能效指数（地区最佳实践） 荷兰对标契约（国际最佳实践） LBNL对标和节能工具（国际最佳实践）,Methods of comparison: 比较方法,Peers National or regional best practice International best practice,对等 国家或地区最佳实践 国际最佳实践,Benchmark plants in several industries against each other 不同工业部门内企业之间对标 Based on annual company reports 基于公司年度报告,Dairy industry specific energy consumption 乳制品行业单耗,Norways Industrial Energy Efficiency Network (IEEN) 挪威工业能效网络,Peers National or regional best practice International best practice,Methods of comparison: 比较方法,对等 国家或地区最佳实践 国际最佳实践,EPI: Environmental Performance Indicator 环境指数,Ranks an enterprises energy performance within the US industry normalized to the enterprises configuration Based on US Census data Also based on product outputs or to other factors beyond control of plant manager, for example: Specific type or mixture of products 产品具体类型或结构 Other factors that correlate with energy use, e.g. labor hours, weather Basis for awarding the ENERGY STAR label for a plant,Compares enterprise efficiency relative to those of its industry 同相关行业的企业进行能效比较,在美国同等企业规模范围内，就企业的能效情况进行排队 基于美国的普查数据 同时也基于产品产量或基于企业管理者不可控制的其他因素，例如： 产品具体类型或结构 同能耗相关联的其他因素，例如：工时，气候 成为为企业授“能源之星”标识的依据,EPI National level ranking；国家水平排序,Methods of comparison: 比较方式,Peers National or regional best practice International best practice,同等 国家或地区最佳实践 国际最佳实践,The Netherlands Covenants 荷兰契约,Goal is to become world leaders Companies evaluate their distance from “best in the world” through studies that are overseen by SenterNovem Expert 3rd party determines international best practice energy efficiency: Top region (in terms of energy efficiency) outside The Netherlands that is comparable in terms of size and plants. Average of that region is the benchmark Ranking comparable plants outside The Netherlands and taking the top 10% as the benchmark Best operating plant worldwide. Benchmark is set at 10% below the best plant,目标是成为世界领先者 通过开展对SenterNovem监督项目的研究，评价本公司同“世界上最好水平”的距离 专家第三方确定能效国际最佳实践 荷兰之外的，企业规模和类型可比的地区（能效方面）。这个地区的平均水平就是对标的水平 荷兰之外可比企业的排序，排序最前的10作为对标 世界运行最好的企业。对标水平定在小于10的最佳企业,BEST: Benchmarking and Energy Savings Tool 对标和节能工具 （BEST）,BEST provides a benchmark score for each facility indicating its distance from international best practice in terms of energy BEST为每个设备提供了对标的核心，以表明在能效方面同国际最佳实践的距离 Compares only energy to best practices, keeping other variables the same. 只比对能源情况，其他变量不变 For example for cement , the best practice enterprise produces the same amount of cement, the same grades of cement and uses the same input raw materials but it (or they) uses the most efficient energy technologies to do so 例如：最佳实践的水泥企业生产量同等，同样标号的水泥，使用同样的原材料，但使用高效技术。 BEST allows for development of an efficiency improvement plan and target-setting BEST制定提高能效计划和目标制定,BEST,Global best practice 全球最佳实践 No issues with proprietary data 没有数据所有权的问题 Takes into account factors specific to enterprise evaluated 考虑到所评价企业的具体因素 We heard this: “my industry is different. You cannot benchmark my industry because there are too many variables raw materials are different, we produce different products, big facilities are different than small facilities, location affects energy use” 我们听说过:“我们的行业不同。你们不能同我们行业进行对标，因为其中存在许多不定因素原材料不同、生产不同的产品、大设备不同于小设备和能源利用受当地环境影响” We created BEST 我们创立了BEST Provides additional energy efficiency menu for target setting and energy management为目标的制定和能源管理提供进一步的能效菜单 Allows low-cost and easy evaluation of potential 低成本和易评价的潜力,Advantages of BEST BEST的优势,BEST Energy Efficiency Index BEST的能效指数,EEI = energy efficiency index 能效指数 n = number of products to be aggregated累计产品数量 EIi = actual energy intensity for product I 产品l实际能耗 EIi,BP = best practice energy intensity for product i产品i最佳能耗 Pi = production quantity for product i.产品i质量 Etot = total actual energy consumption for all products 所有产品的实践总能耗,Example boundary of analysis for cement,Establishing Boundaries and Identifying Energy-Intensive Processes: Cement 建立边界和确定高耗能工业：水泥,Input Sheet 输入表,Production Data 生产数据 Raw materials input 原材料的投入 Kiln Type 窑型 Clinker output 熟料产量 Cement output 水泥产量 Grades of Cement 水泥型号 Energy Data 能源数据 Amount (kWh and tce) by process step 工序用能 Costs (yuan/kWh or tce) 成本(元/度或tce),Benchmarking Results 对标结果,Energy Intensity Index (EII) 147 能源强度指数,Detailed Results 具体结果 Potential for Efficiency Improvements 节能潜力 Electricity (kWh saved/year) 电 6,300,000 Fuel (kgce saved/year) 燃料 5,580,000 Primary Energy (kgce saved/year) 一次能源 5,600,000 Cost Reduction 成本节约 Electricity ($/year) 电 350,000 Fuel ($/year) 燃料 200,000 Total ($/year) 总计 550,000 Carbon Reduction Potential 减碳潜力 Total (metric ton CO2/year) 总量 19,000,Hypothetical Benchmarking Results 假设的对标结果,Energy Efficiency Opportunities 节能机会,Extensive menu of energy-efficiency or carbon emission reduction measures that could be implemented 可实施的能效或减排措施清单 Cross-cutting: motor systems, fans, compressed air, lighting 跨行业：电机系统、风机、空压机、照明 Process-related: all major process technologies (kiln upgrades, blending) 同工艺相关：所有主要的工艺（窑炉升级，混磨） Each measure措施 Typical energy savings per ton product (clinker or cement) 产品单耗（熟料或水泥） Cost of implementation 实施成本 Typical payback period 投资回收期 Once options for implementation are selected, BEST calculates new, potential EEI for plant 一旦实施方案选定，BEST计算企业新的潜力 Facilitates “scenario playing” 协助“方案” 的实施 Provides a roadmap for improvement 提供改进路线图,BEST: Target-Setting BEST：目标制定,Hypothetical Benchmarking Results 假设对标结果,Hypothetical Benchmarking Results 假设对标结果,Conclusions 结论,Many case studies and other information on best practices in energy efficiency for industry are available around the world While there is value in peer to peer or regional level benchmarking, benchmarking to international best practice assures goals are set to the highest standards for energy efficiency Obtaining a score is only a first step, providing enterprises with information on opportunities for their plants is essential to helping them achieve their potential,世界上有许多现成的工业能效最佳实践的案例和相关的其他信息 同等水平或地区的对标具有重要性，但同国际最佳实践进行对标可以带来最高的能效标准 获得成绩只是刚开始，重要的是为企业提供相关信息帮助他们实现潜力。,For Further Information 联系信息,Christina Galitsky (CGalitskylbl.gov) Lynn Price (LKPricelbl.gov),LBNL Industrial End Use Analysis Website: http:/industrial-energy.lbl.gov/ LBNL China Group Website: http:/china.lbl.gov BEST Website: http:/industrial-energy.lbl.gov/node/100 Publications: http:/industrial-energy.lbl.gov/publications,Backup Slides备份材料,U.S. Department of Energy Tools 美国能源部能源工具,NOx and Energy Assessment Tool (NxEAT) 氮氧化物和能源评价工具（ NxEAT） Analyzes the effects of NOx reductions methods and energy efficiency practices by providing equipment inventory and configuration information. 分析减少Nox排放措施的效果，以及分析通过提供设备清单和结构信息而实施的能效实践的效果 The tool targets specific systems, such as fired heaters, boilers, gas turbines, and reciprocating engines to help identify the NOx and energy savings potentials associated with each option. The tool also provides calculators that aid in comparisons between options. 本能源工具是针对具体的系统， 例如燃烧炉、锅炉，燃气透平和往复式发动机，其目的在于帮助确认与措施选择相关的Nox减排和节能潜力。此能源工具也成为便于进行措施之间比较的计算器。,http:/www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html,BEST History BEST的历史,BEST was developed as part of a pilot policy development program in the iron and steel industry in China BEST的开发是作为中国钢铁行业进行政策开发示范项目的一部分 to help set targets for a Voluntary Agreement program 帮助自愿协议项目制定目标 assess performance of two participating steel plants 评价两个参与钢厂的能源指标 BEST-Steel was built on data input format typically used by Chinese iron and steel plants to report energy data BEST-Steel数据输入格式是中国钢铁企业的能源报表通常使用的格式 BEST-Steel has been tested and used by two medium-scale integrated iron and steel plants in Shandong province BESI-Steel 已在山东两个中型钢铁联合企业中应用并得到验证 BEST has also been developed for the winery industry and used by a number of wineries in California BEST也被开发成能够应用到造酒行业，并应用到加州许多的造酒厂,Preliminary list of Energy Efficiency Options for the Cement Industry 水泥行业能效措施初步清单,Energy Efficiency Options for the Iron and Steel Industry 钢铁行业的能效措施,Energy Efficiency Options for the Wine Industry造酒行业的能效措施,BEST Steel BEST钢厂,Developed for evaluating energy efficiency potential of two steel mills in Shandong Province, China (article in press)开发的目的是为了评价中国山东两个钢铁企业的能效潜力 Used to set energy efficiency targets as part of negotiated energy efficiency agreements (also called voluntary agreements)使用的目的在于制定能效目标，已作为能效协议谈判的一部分 Funded by Energy Foundations China Sustainable Energy Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (information used as background for tool)由能源基金会中国可持续性能源项目和美国环保署支持,BEST Winery BEST-酿酒行业,BEST: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool for Wineries for:造酒行业的对标和节能工具 Energy use 能源利用 Water use 水利用 Development, demonstration and training at wineries in California 在加州酿酒行业开发、示范和培训 Partnered with Fetzer Vineyards, a leading company in sustainable practices in the wine industry 同Fetzer Vineyards公司合作，在酿酒行业开展可持续实践的主要公司 Funded by California Energy Commission Food Industry Energy Research (FIER) program 由加州能源委员会的食品行业能源研究项目资助,Wine industry is an important economic sector in California 酿酒行业是加州重要的经济部门 Over 1100 wineries (of which 140 over 20 employees) 超过1100酿酒厂 Shipments over $5.5 Billion, making it the second largest food industry in the State 货运超过55亿美元，是加州第二大食品行业 Wineries are second largest electricity consumer in the CA food industry, consuming over 400 GWh/year 在加州食品行业中，酿酒业是第二大电力消费者，年消耗超过400GWh,BEST Winery (completed May 05): BEST酿酒行业（2005年5月完成） Benchmarks energy intensity and water intensity in a winery 就酿酒业的能耗和水耗进行对标 Includes an assessment of all cost-effective energy and water efficiency opportunities (Defined as those with an energy payback of 3-4 years, plus those commonly used in wineries) 包括能源和水效机会全成本有效性的评价（能源回收期34年) Is applicable for smaller and medium sized wineries 适用于中小型酿酒厂 LBNL and Fetzer Vineyards developed test version and several wineries beta-tested it.LBNL和Fetzer Vineyards 合作开发测试版并在一些酿酒厂使用 Final product was introduced to wineries at 3 regional workshops (workshops co-funded by Pacific Gas and Electric with help from the Wine Institute) 最终产品介绍给三个地区的酒厂车间,Preliminary data show scores ranging from about 130 to over 400! 最初数据表明，范围大概在130到超过400,BEST Winery BEST酿酒行业,Future Development of BEST BEST的未来开发,Development of integrated modular tool for selected sectors 为选择的部门开发综合模块工具 Potential additional sectors 未来潜在部门 Cement 水泥 Canning 罐头食品 Aluminum铝 Dairies 奶制品 Iron and Steel 钢铁 Greenhouses 温室 Additional cost information and cost calculation tools附加的成本信息和成本计算工具 Internal rate of return 内部收益率 Simple payback period (as in BEST Winery) 简单投资回收期 Additional environmental information 附加环境信息 Emissions (other than CO2) 排放信息 Water use (as in BEST Winery) 耗水 Waste 废物,Energy Use for Cement Manufacturing 水泥烧成能耗,Wide variation in energy consumption depending upon technologies used 能耗的变化要依使用的技术而定,Worrell, E., Price, L., Martin, N, Hendriks, C. and Ozawa Meida, L., 2001. “Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Global Cement Industry, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 26:303-329.,CIPECs Benchmarking in the Glass Sector 玻璃行业的CIPEC对标,The Netherlands Covenants 荷兰契约,契约中包括了管理投资率的标准。公司一开始必须采用最成本有