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第6讲 非谓语动词,1. （2013安徽高考）_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：这所建于20世纪初期的学校一直激励孩子们对艺术的热爱。本句主语是the school，与found之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故选C。,2. （2013北京高考）_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定选一门水平稍低的课程。find与主语she之间是主谓关系，且“发现”这一动作与句子谓语动词动作几乎同时发生，故使用finding。,3. （2013湖南高考）The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. having bathed 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。the sun与 bathe构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用v. -ing形式作状语。bathe沐浴，使沐浴。,4. （2013湖南高考）_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来给炉火添柴。to stay为不定式在句中作目的状语。,5. （2013北京高考）Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。题干中已经有谓语动词gives，故A选项change动词谓语形式不能选，只能选非谓语形式，chance后往往接of doing sth. 或to do sth. ，即give sb. a chance to do sth. /of doing sth. 给某人做某事的机会。,6. （2013江苏高考）Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：里奥内尔梅西曾在一年内创造最多得分记录，因此他被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。由句子谓语动词is considered可知此题考查非谓语动词形式, 主语与set之间为主谓关系, 且表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 故用现在分词的完成式形式。,7. （2013辽宁高考）Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ for her. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：Laura离家去巴黎待了一周多。当她回家时，有一大堆邮件在等着她。mail和wait之间是主谓关系，故用v. -ing形式作后置定语。,8. （2013新课标全国卷）They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：他们写作课上可能还剩下一个名额，你可以去碰碰运气。leave在此处表示“剩下”，和被修饰词place之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。left经常作后置定语，表示“剩下的”。,9. （2013山东高考）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in the corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：除了有一个立在角落里的书架，这个房间是空的。整个句子是主系表结构，except for a bookshelf _ in the corner属于介词短语作状语，所以空格处应是非谓语动词作定语，并且bookshelf与stand之间是主谓关系，所以选A。,10. （2013北京高考）When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到道路被雪阻断了时，我们决定在家度假。road和block之间是被动关系，故用block的过去分词作宾语补足语。,11. （2013陕西高考）Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些需要帮助的人们明白，我们会竭尽全力去帮助他们。let意思是“使，让”，用法是“let sb. do sth. ”，in need 是those的后置定语，故选B。,12. （2013江苏高考）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受大规模的地震和损失之后不久，那个城市就呈现出了崭新的面貌。and为并列连词，连接after后的两个宾语suffering from. . . 和being reduced to. . . 。be reduced to (doing) sth. 使沦为, 固定结构, 故选C。,13. （2013福建高考）_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：知道基本的急救技术将会帮助你对紧急情况快速作出反应。由句式分析可知本句缺少主语，且不强调动作的时间对比及被动，故用动名词的一般形式作主语。,14. （2013浙江高考）_ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：听到别人对你刚读过的书的反应会增添一份喜悦。该句的谓语动词为creates，you have just read是修饰book的定语从句，空格处需要的是句子的主语，该动作又是一个主动的动作，所以该主语应该用动名词短语充当，故选A。非谓语动词短语的动作和主句谓语动作几乎同时发生，C项完成形式的时间与句意不符。,15. （2013重庆高考）The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：发动机无法启动。看起来它出了些问题。sb. /sth. seems加不定式，为固定句式，常指“似乎发生了什么”。而此处故障已经发生了，故使用seem to have done，选。,热点考向 1 非谓语动词作状语 1. 主要考点：（1）不定式作状语。不定式作状语通常表示：(a)原因 (多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(b)目的 (可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(c)结果(常表意想不到的结果，常为only to do)。 We were very excited to hear the news. (原因) To get there on time I got up very early. (目的) He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. (结果),（2）分词作状语。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知该做什么，他去找他父母帮忙。 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。,部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，他没有听到那个声音。 2. 突破技巧： （1）把握前后主语一致性，区别现在分词与过去分词； （2）不定式作结果状语为意想不到的结果；分词作结果状语为顺理成章的结果。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子 （2012全国卷）Tony lent me the money, _（hope） that Id do as much for him. 托尼把钱借给我，希望我也会为他做同样多的事情。,hoping,热点考向 2 非谓语动词作定语 1. 主要考点：不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语以及区别。 2. 突破技巧： （1）把握不定式表示未来，动名词作定语表示用途，现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成； （2）注意不定式to be done形式、过去分词和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别。,【真题变式】翻译下面句子 （2012江西高考）John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. _ _,约翰的确得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供给他工作,的正式信函。,热点考向 3 非谓语动词作补语 1. 主要考点： 常见的需接非谓语动词作补语的结构： （1）“5看2听1感觉”的感官动词 “5看”包括see，watch，observe，notice，look at “2听”包括hear，listen to “1感觉”包括feel （2）make，have，get等使役动词后,（3）特殊动词、词组、句型： leave，catch，keep，find advise/allow/ask等动词+sb. to do sth. Sb. +be said to do sth. 中的不定式作补语。 2. 突破技巧： （1）注意作补语的三种形式（to） do/doing/done形式之间的区别。把握动作的主动、进行和被动； （2）注意宾语补足语与主语补足语的区别； （3）把握补语一般由不定式表示未来（不用to的不定式表示动作全过程）；现在分词表示进行、过去分词表示被动、完成。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子 （2012四川高考）I looked up and noticed a snake _ （wind）its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.,winding,热点考向 4 非谓语动词作宾语 1. 主要考点： （1）只能跟不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有： 碰巧希望作决定（happen, hope/wish, decide）； 准备同意和答应（prepare, agree, promise）； 假装没能安排好（pretend, fail, arrange/plan)； 学会拒绝难提供(learn, refuse, offer)； 决心设法想得分(determine, manage, intend/expect/want)； 一往无前任我行。,（2）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有 否认错过避逃亡(deny, miss, avoid, escape)； 承认推迟被禁止(admit, delay, forbid)； 考虑建议准完成(consider, suggest, finish)； 介意冒险乱想象 (mind, risk, imagine)； 答应继续去训练(allow/permit, keep, practise)； 设想原谅得欣赏(fancy, excuse/pardon, enjoy/appreciate)。,（3）特殊动词及短语跟不定式与动名词作宾语的不同,（4）动词allow，advise，permit，forbid后面不出现宾语时直接跟动名词作宾语 I allowed going to the park. 我准许去公园。（没有明确宾语） （5）动词need，want，require主语为物时后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意思，相当于不定式的被动形式，在句子中均为宾语 The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗子需要擦了。（意思为被动） 2. 突破技巧：（1）牢记口诀，记熟用法；（2）把握特殊词。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空 （2012安徽高考）I remembered _（lock）the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.,to lock,热点考向 5 非谓语动词作主语、表语及独立主格结构 1. 主要考点： （1）动名词与不定式作主语： 动名词表示泛指、抽象、反复、习惯；不定式表示具体、一次、打算、未做的动作。 Its no use crying over spilt milk. （规律性）覆水难收。 To go swimming this night is my opinion. （具体、未做）我的建议是今天晚上去游泳。,（2）现在分词、过去分词、不定式、动名词作表语： 现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征，意思“令人”，一般是物作主语；过去分词作表语说明主语的心理状态，主语是承受者，表示的是被动。动名词、不定式作表语与作主语是一样的，可以表语、主语互换。 Teaching is my job. =My job is teaching.,（3）独立主格结构中的分词和不定式 如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，要在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句或定语从句；有时也用with复合结构（with+宾语+宾语补足语）作状语。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。,The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。,2. 突破技巧： （1）分析句子的主谓语是否一致，如果不一致就可以用独立主格结构； （2）弄清独立结构中宾语与后面补语的关系，然后用相应的形式，尤其是不定式和分词形式。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空 （2012陕西高考）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _（meet）an even greater challenge.,to meet,【命题小试】 请根据以下内容命制一道考查非谓语动词的题目 The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting. 【参考答案】The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. permits C. permitted D. to permit 【解析】选A。根据前后主语不同可推知用独立主格结构；weather与permit之间是主动关系，应该用permitting。,易错点 1 误用逻辑主语 （母题）To rescue the villagers in Yaan in time, _ for them. A. the army brought a lot of food B. a lot of food was brought C. the villagers got a lot of food D. the villagers brought a lot of food,【解析】选A。句意：为了及时营救雅安的村民，军队给他们带来了许多食物。根据非谓语动词特点，用非谓语动词简化句子必须保持前后主语一致性。此处用不定式，发出rescue动作的是“军队”，由此可知答案A合适。,（变式）The army brought a lot of food for them, _ the villagers in Yaan in time. A. rescuing B. to rescue C. rescued D. being rescued 【解析】选A。句意：军队给雅安的村民带来了许多食物，结果及时把他们救了。the army与rescue之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺承的结果。,【误区点拨】 把握前后主语的逻辑关系，防止前后主语不搭配，动作发出者有矛盾的现象。,易错点 2 误用分词被动形式 （母题）Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 【解析】选A。句意：迫于父母的压力，同时自己也意识到已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电子游戏。连词and连接的成分是非谓语动词作状语，但主语与press是被动关系，与realize是主动关系，由此可知答案。,（变式）_ from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. Being pressed B. Pressing C. To press D. Pressed 【解析】选D。句意：迫于父母的压力，同时自己也意识到已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电子游戏。根据主语与press的关系为被动推知用过去分词。,【误区点拨】 正确分析主谓关系； 辨析过去分词表示“被动、完成”；现在分词的进行时表示“主动、进行”的区别。,1. （2013宁波模拟）Most of us manage our physical health better than our emotional health, _ problems to cause real harm. A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left 【解析】选B。考查动词-ing作状语。句意：我们中的多数人管理我们的身体健康要比我们的情绪健康好得多，结果留下的问题引起了真正的损害。根据语境“留下”为上面的管理所造成的结果，故用动词-ing形式表示顺理成章的结果。,2. Brendan hurriedly got to the airport, only _ the plane had taken off. A. to find B. to finding C. to be finding D. to have found 【解析】选A。考查不定式作状语。句意：布伦丹匆忙到达机场结果发现飞机已经起飞了。此处为结果状语，并且表示一种“预料不到，不愿意看到的结果”，用only+不定式构成。,3._ the good results of the exam, he jumped with joy, _ with a smile on his face. A. Heard; satisfied B. On hearing; satisfying C. Hearing; satisfied D. Hearing; being satisfied 【解析】选C。考查现在分词和过去分词。句意：听到考试的结果，他高兴得跳了起来，脸上带着满意的微笑。此处主语为he，可以发出hear动作，用现在分词表示时间状语；he与satisfy的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系, 用过去分词，故选项C合适。,4. （2013杭州模拟）The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 【解析】选C。考查过去分词作定语。句意：在19世纪竣工的市政厅是那个时期最著名的建筑物。此处“完工”与“市政厅”为动宾关系，并且作定语，故答案为C。,5. This is the first time that Apple has changed the size of the iPhones display, _ 4 inches since the original one was released in 2007. A. measured B. measures C. measure D. measuring 【解析】选D。考查现在分词作定语。句意：自2007年苹果发行首款手机以来，这是第一次改变屏幕尺寸，现在是4英寸。measuring作定语，修饰display。,6. （2013宁波模拟）In the reading room, we found him _ at a desk, with his attention _ on a book A. sitting; fixing B. to sit; fixed C. seating; fixing D. seated; fixed 【解析】选D。考查过去分词作补语和with复合结构。句意：在阅览室，我们发现他坐在桌子旁，精力集中地在看书。此处seated为过去分词作him的补语，并且与宾语him为动宾关系，所以用过去分词seated=sitting；attention与fix为动宾关系，用过去分词。,7. （2013温州模拟）Our director is out. Ill have her _ you on the matter when shes back. A. to contact B. contacting C. contact D. contacted 【解析】选C。考查不定式作补语。句意：我们主任出去了。当她回来时，就这件事情我让她联系你。此处为have sb. do sth. 句型，have为使役动词，补语前的不定式“to”可省略。,8. （2013杭州模拟） I can hardly imagine the difficulty she had _ enough evidence to prove that she was innocent. A. collected B. to collect C. to have collected D. collecting 【解析】选D。考查动名词作宾语。句意：我无法想象在收集足够的证据证明她是无辜的方面她有的困难。根据句式have difficulty (in)doing sth. 可知此处为省略介词in的宾语，she had为定语修饰difficulty，故答案为D。,9. Global warming has led to many rivers and lakes _ these years. A. drying off B. drying up C. to dry off D. to dry up 【解析】选B。考查动名词作宾语。句意：全球变暖导致了许多河流和湖泊的干枯。动词短语lead to中的to为介词，后面many rivers and lakes doing. . . 为动名词的复合结构，故答案为B。,10._ merely on what the average is, and youll remain average. A. Focusing B. Focused C. Focus yourself D. If you are focused 【解析】选C。考查祈使句式。句意：如果你仅仅把精力放在一般水平上，那么你就会保持一般水平。根据句式此处由连词and连接前后句子，故排除分词和带连词的从句形式，选项C合适。,
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