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111Words and expressions:1. celebrate vt. 举行庆祝We New Year /Christmas / ones birthday / a wedding anniversary / success /a victory with a party.Tomorrow is his birthday, so were going to it. 赞扬，赞美，歌颂Its a poem that_ the joys and friendship.赞颂友谊之欢乐的诗歌The names of many heroes （celebrate） by the poets.辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate后常接物（仪式，典礼，生日等）; 而congratulate后常接人congratulate sb. on / upon sth. / doing sth.表示为某事而祝贺某人。Congratulate you on your marriage.=Congratulations on your marriage.I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished. 私自庆幸We him on having passed the examination.All the citizens, young and old, walked and sang, beautifully dressed in new clothes of all kinds, to the success of their football team. 2.take place vi.发生英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about , go ontake place (尤指按计划,安排)发生，举行The film festival takes place in October.happen(尤指偶然)“发生”= occur =come aboutShe pressed the button but nothing happened.happen to do / to be“碰巧” He happened to be out when we called.=It happened that she was out when we called.occur “发生 ，出现”（偶然地）When exactly did the incident occur?occur to “想起”An idea / thought occurred to sb. It occurs to sb. that.某人想起。It didnt occur to her to ask for help.她没有想到请人帮忙。come about (偶然) “发生” Can you tell me how the accident came about?how does it come about +that-clause 怎么会？go on发生。普通用语，相当于take place或happen。Things are going on much as usual 一切如常。In 1919, the May 4th Movement in China. 1919年，中国爆发了五四运动。It happened （rain）that day. 那天恰好下雨。The traffic accident / on Wednesday.How does it that you were caught by the police? 你怎么会被警察抓去的？用法拓展take the place of取代，代替take sb.s place坐某人的座位；代替某人的位置give place to sb./sth.让位于；被代替3. starve v饿,饿死to death饿死搭配starve for sth. 渴望获得；缺乏 sb. of sth. 因得不到某物而受苦 sb. into doing sth.因饥饿使某人做某事The woman is starving herself trying to lose weight._They tried to starve the army into giving in._They got lost in the desert and starved to death._starvation n.My parents lots of food and money to make sure I dont starve; so starving is of my worries. A. do leave; the most B. did have left C. do have left; the least D. did leave; the least eg. Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数以百万计的人挨饿至死. 2) to feel very hungry 感觉很饿. (仅用于进行时态) eg. When will the dinner be ready? Im starving. 晚饭什么时候做好?我快饿死了.4origin n. C, U 起源，开端 The origin of his being denied was his several mistakes.他被否定的起因是他犯的几个错误 U 血统，出身，来历Though she was a woman of humble origin, she achieved a great success.尽管出身卑微积累：original adj. 原先的，最早的， 最初的 ；n. 原物，原件 originally adv.最初， 最先， originality n. 创造力，独创性 originate v 起源于，来自5. in memory of / to the memory of : 纪念He set up the charitable trust in memory of her father.慈善基金会，以纪念 链接：to the memory of 为了纪念 speak from memory凭记忆讲 in praise of 赞美，歌颂 in honor of 为了向表示敬意 in face of 面对 in want of 需要= in need of 需要in celebration of 庆祝in favor of 赞成in (the) hope(s) of 希望in possession of 拥有in support of 支持in search of 寻找We are all _the reform.我们都支持这项改革。The third Sunday in June is observed in the United States_ fathers.父亲节是在六月的第三个星期天，美国用来纪念父亲。6feast n. & v（宗教的）节日， 盛宴Christmas is an important feast for Christians.基督教徒的重大节日The king invited the honored guests to a feast.邀请贵宾参加盛宴。The art exhibition was a feast the eyes.看艺术展示是一件赏心悦目的事情。 vi. 款待，宴请，大吃大喝，享受美食 feast sb. on sth.搭配:： feast on sth.He said he would feast us _turkey.We all evening on the best food and drink.整个晚上我们美食佳肴，大吃大喝。7. dress (oneself) up 盛装， 打扮The Children tried to dress (themselves) up as monsters._We dressed up for the wedding._8. award n奖；奖品；奖金；奖给的东西vt.授予；判定；给予award sb. sth.award sth. to sb.奖给某人某物She showed us the athletics_ she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。She _a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而获得奖章。易混辨析award, prize与rewardaward指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少，多指奖状或其他表彰物。prize指赢得比赛所获得的奖金或有价值的东西。reward指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、报酬。He won the award for the best student of the year.他获本年度优秀学生奖。A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。He received a medal as a reward for his courage.他得到了一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。Three university departments have been _ $600 000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.ApromotedBincluded Csecured DawardedIt is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _.Arewards Bprizes Cawards Dresults9. admire v. 赞赏,羡慕某人(某事物) admire sb/sth (for sth),etc. I really admire your enthusiasm.热情I dont agree with her but I admire her sticking to her principles.赞赏她恪守原则赞美,夸奖某人(某事)express admiration of (sb/sth) 赞美,夸奖某人(某事)The school is widely for its excellent teaching.远近称誉积累：admirer n.赞赏者,追求者 admiring adj. 赞赏的10.custom n习俗；风俗Social _vary greatly from country to country.国与国之间的社会习俗有很大差异。The celebration of Christmas is a custom._ 易混辨析custom，practice与habitcustom指一个社会或团体许多人长期的习惯，即风俗、习俗.practice指“惯例；习俗；做法”时，既可以指许多人，也可以指一个人长期做的某件事。如：He makes a practice of taking a bath in the morning.他习惯清晨洗澡。habit只指一个人的习惯、习性。如：I smoke out of habit not for pleasure._Foreigners should follow the _in a foreign country they are visiting.AhabitsBcustoms Ctraditions DpracticeIt is the_ to hug your guests when you meet them.Ahabit Bperformance Ccustom Dtrick11have fun (with sb.)玩得开心We had lots of fun at the fair today.我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴。用法拓展for fun为了高兴，为了好玩make fun oflaugh at取笑，开的玩笑Im learning to cook, just_.我正在学做饭，做着玩而已。Its cruel _people who stammer. 嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情。have fun的同义短语是_单项填空Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, having _.Aa funBthe fun Cfunny Dfun12hold ones breath 屏息The audience held their breath as the acrobat(杂技演员) walked along the tightrope.杂技演员走钢丝时，观众们都屏住了呼吸。用法拓展get ones breath (again/back)恢复正常呼吸lose ones breath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气out of/short of breath呼吸急促；喘不过气来；上气不接下气take sbs breath away使某人吃惊或惊奇After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely _.爬完这么长的一段楼梯后，她已完全喘不过气来了。单项填空His heart condition makes him _ breath.Ashort ofBfull of Cshort in Dfilled with13keep ones word守信用，履行诺言I promised to buy my son a bike. I must keep my word.我答应给儿子买一辆自行车，我必须信守诺言。用法拓展in other words 换句话说 in words 用语言in a word 总之 keep ones word 守信break ones word 失信，食言 eat ones words 收回前言，承认说错have a word with sb. 和某人说句话 have words with sb. 同某人吵架word for word 一字不差地，逐字逐句地Word came that. 有消息传来Words fail. 说不出话来Do not _if you want to help.如果你想帮忙，就不可言而无信。He came back to_ me.他回来跟我说两句话。_came that I was needed at home.有信儿来说家里需要我。特别提醒keep ones word短语中的word不能用复数形式。We Chinese people always _ our _.Ahave; wordBkeep; word Chave; words Dkeep; words14look forward to盼望；期望They are looking forward to her visit. 他们在期待着她的来访。用法拓展动词介词to构成的短语：lead to通往，导致pay attention to注意stick to坚持get down to开始认真于 belong to属于refer to谈到，涉及，参阅单项填空During these days I am looking forward to_my mother，for I miss her very much.Ahear Bhearing Chear from Dhearing fromThe letter he had been looking forward_this morning.Ato arriving Bto arrived Cto received Dto receiving15turn up出现；到场； If she doesnt turn up before 8，we will go without her.如果她八点前不来，我们就自己去了。We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。用法拓展turn up除了表示“到场”外，还有“开大一点；找到；朝上翻”等意思。I cant hear the music. Please turn the radio_.我听不到音乐，请把收音机开大点。Im sure your watch will _one of these days.我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。He _his coat collar against the chill wind.他竖起了大衣的领子来抵御寒风。turn是非常活跃的动词之一，可与介词或副词构成很多短语，常见的有：turn against背叛turn out生产，证明是，结果是turn in上交 turn to转向，求助于turn off关上 turn down拒绝，关小turn on打开 turn round转过身turn into变成 turn over翻阅；翻过来He would rather die than _t his motherland.他宁愿死也不背叛祖国。They were very disappointed to find their suggestions _at the meeting.他们非常失望地发现他们的建议在会上被拒绝了。If the day _wet we may have to change our plans.万一下雨的话，我们要改变计划。After she finished her homework，she _the computer.做完作业后她打开了电脑。The teacher _and looked at me seriously.老师转过身，严肃地看着我。We have waited for her for half an hour，but she hasnt_.Aturn down Bturn in Cturn up Dturn onWhat did they think of your plan?Not practical. It was _at the meeting.Aturned out Bturned down Cturned around Dturned back16. apologise /apologize vi.道歉，辩白apologize for sth./doing sth.=apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth.He apologized to the boss for his mistakes.I do apologize for giving you so much trouble while Im here.You .应该为你的迟到向老师道歉。apology n. 道歉make an apology to sb. for doing sth.accept / refuse sbs apology17. It is obvious that-clause 很明显It is obvious that he did not do it by himself.积累：It is right / wrong / easy / difficult /hard /good/ bad (for sb.) that It is +adj.+ for sb. to do sth.It is +adj. +that-clauseIt is + necessary/ important /natural/ strange+ that sb. (should) doIt is important for you to keep your promise.It is important that you (should) keep your promise.It is said / reported/ believed / supposed/ thought/required that-clause+to have done sth.It is said that he has studied in America.=He is said to have studied in America. It is necessary that (同学们知道急救的方法).111
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