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111Unit 4Earthquakes教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._n地震2_n事件；大事3_n民族；国家_adj._n国籍4_n污垢；灰尘_adj.5_n苦难；痛苦_vt. & vi.遭受；受苦6_n&vt. & vi.休克；打击；(使)震惊_adj.震惊的_adj.令人震惊的7_n. & vt.援救；营救8_n电；电流；电学_adj.电的；用电的_adj.发电的9_n祝贺；(复数)贺词_vt.祝贺10_n骑自行车的人_vt.骑自行车11_vt.(使)惊吓，吓唬_adj.受惊的；受恐吓的_adj.令人恐惧的12_vt.表示；表达_n.13_adj.极度的_adv.14_adj.无用的；无效的_opp.15_adv.真诚地；真挚地_adj.短语回顾1._away立刻，马上2_an end 结束；终结3dig_ 掘出；发现4think_of 考虑的少，满不在乎5_hope 失去希望6_if 仿佛；好像7in_ 严重受损；破败不堪8_(great)number of 许多，大量的9tens_thousands of 数以万计的10be_of 以而自豪句型背诵1.What_ _ _ will happen before an earthquake?你认为地震前会发生什么事？2Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost _ _ _ _ _ _ shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。3_ _ _ _the world was at an end!似乎是世界末日到了！4_hope was_lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5Workers built shelters for survivors _ _ _ _ _.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。自我诊断单词拓展1earthquake2.event3.nation，national，nationality4dirt，dirty5.suffering，suffer6.shock，shocked，shocking7rescue8.electricity，electric，electrical9.congratulation，congratulate10.cyclist，cycle11.frighten，frightened，frightening12.express，expression13.extreme，extremely14useless，useful15.sincerely，sincere短语回顾1right2.at3.out4.little5.lose6.as7.ruins8.a9of10.proud句型背诵1do you think2.as strong as the first one3.It seemed as if4.All；not5.whose homes had been destroyed考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入用法拓展bury sth. in.把埋到里bury ones face in hands双手掩面bury (oneself) in埋头于；专心于be buried in朝着于；专心于be buried alive被活埋The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。He had learned to bury his feelings.他学会了掩饰内心的情感。He walked slowly, his hands a buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。Since she left, he has buried himself in work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。She sat there, buried in thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。即境活用单项填空_deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.ABuryingBBuriedCTo bury DHaving buried答案：B2everywhere副词，作连词引导地点状语从句，意为“的所有地方”。Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.凡我所到之处，均发现相同的事情。用法拓展能引导状语从句的副词和短语还有：immediately/instantly/directly刚刚；立刻；马上every/each time每次the moment/minute/instant一就the first/last/next time第一/最后/下一次Immediately shed gone, I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。Every time I hear that song, I feel happy.每次听到那首歌我都感到很愉快。Next time you are here, lets have lunch together.下次你到这里来，咱们一起吃午饭。The moment I saw him, I recognized him as the famous director.一看见他，我就认出了他是那位有名的导演。即境活用单项填空Do remember to return the book to our English teacher.OK. I will give it to him _ I see him.AbeforeBuntilCunless Dthe moment答案：D3ruin n&vt.(使)破产，毁灭，崩溃，废墟，遗迹The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.地震毁灭了整个城镇。Gambling was his ruin/the ruin of him.赌博是他堕落的原因。用法拓展in ruins成为废墟，破败不堪ruin oneself毁掉自己come/fall/go to ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产易混辨析damage，destroy与ruin三者都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思。damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复”。如：The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”。如：That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。ruin现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。如：He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。即境活用翻译句子(用destroy；ruin和damage)吸烟毁坏了他的健康。_地震摧毁了整个城市。_那建筑物已成为断壁残垣。_答案：Smoking damaged his health.The earthquake destroyed the whole city.The building is in ruins.4injure vt.伤害，损害He was/got slightly injured in the accident.他在意外事故中受了轻伤。Smoking will injure your health.吸烟会损害你的健康。易混辨析injure，hurt和woundinjure伤害，特指意外伤害。hurt是受伤的一般用词，既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害。(vi.“感到疼痛”。)wound通常是指武器的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指战场上的伤害。There were two people injured in the car accident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤。What really hurt was that he never answered my letter.真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.在这次攻击中，约有50人受重伤。即境活用单项填空So seriously_in the accident that she was sent to hospital at once.Ashe was woundedBwas she hurtCshe was injured Ddid she hurt答案：B5damage n损坏，毁坏；(pl.)赔偿金v.损害，毁坏The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for the damage caused by misuse.因使用不当造成的损坏，生产厂家不负任何责任。He was ordered to pay damage totalling 30,000.他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.洪水毁坏了大量农作物。Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损坏了。用法拓展do/cause damage to sth.损害，伤害This could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.这可能对国家的经济造成了严重破坏。易混辨析damage, ruin和destroydamage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种操作可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果。也可以是非暴力的长期损害的结果。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的。也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。destroy表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对物体进行完全的毁坏。The fire badly damaged the town hall.火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house.这棵树向那边倒下了就会把那所房子压坏。即境活用单项填空Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.Ahave damaged Bare damagingCdamaged Dwill damageHe didnt take part in the sports meet yesterday because he had _ his leg.Adamaged BhurtChit Dstruck答案：BB6congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达我的祝贺。Congratulations on your marriage.恭贺你喜结良缘。用法拓展congratulation to sb. on sth.意为“因某事向某人祝贺”。congratulate vt.可用于短语congratulate sb. on doing sth.意为“因某事向某人祝贺”。congratulate yourself on(为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪。We congratulated him on his birthday.我们向他祝贺生日。The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.向创作出这么一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。I congratulated myself on my narrow escape.我庆贺自己死里逃生。You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。易混辨析congratulate与celebratecongratulate意为“祝贺；道贺”，其宾语常常是接受祝贺的人；celebrate意为“庆祝”，其宾语只能是生日、节日等表示事件的名词，不能是人，名词为celebration，可构成短语in celebration of.意为“为了庆祝”。I congratulated them all on their results.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。All the teachers and students have got everything ready to celebrate the 50th anniversary of our school.全校师生为我校的50年庆典做好了一切准备。The old couple held a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.这对老夫妻为了庆祝他们金婚纪念而举办了一个晚会。即境活用单项填空Guess what！I have passed my driving test last week._！ACongratulations BCelebrationsCGood luck DAll right答案：A7event n事件；大事；(运动会的)项目；一场比赛；一场胜负用法拓展course of events事件发展的过程at all events不管怎样；无论如何in any event不管怎样；无论如何in the event结果；到头来in the event of/that倘若发生的情况an athletic event运动竞赛项目特别提醒event通常指重要、有意思或不寻常的事件。易混辨析event，matter与affairevent指“大事”。the chief events of the year一年中的大事a historical event历史事件matter事件；(pl.)事态；matter还可用作不及物动词，意为“有关系，要紧”。It doesnt matter.没关系。the matter麻烦Its a matter of importance.那是一件重要的事情。Unfortunately，there is nothing we can do to improve the matters.很遗憾，我们无力改善目前的状况。affair(小)事；(pl.)事务，要事；恋事a very small affair极琐碎的小事a private(public)affair私事(公事)a love affair风流韵事the affairs of state国事，政务即境活用用event，affair，matter填空Theres nothing the _with the TV.The railway accident was a terrible_.Britain agreed to support the US in the_of war.答案：matteraffairevent8shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊用法拓展be shocked at.对感到震惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊be shocked that.对很震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的It shocks you when something like that happens.发生这样的事使人感到难以置信。The news of his death came as a shock to us all.他的死讯传来，大家都感到震惊。We were all shocked at the news of his guilty.听到他的罪行，我们深感震惊。I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in the area.竟有这样的暴力行为发生在这个地区，邻居们大为惊骇。What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it.她的行为太过分了，我简直无法形容。特别提醒shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。即境活用单项填空Everybody felt _ the moment a police officer entered the classroom. You could hear a pin drop.Adamaged BfrightenedCshocked Dterrifying完成句子我们在国外时常会遇到文化冲击。We often _ _ _ when we are in a foreign country.答案：Csuffer culture shock9honour n&vt.尊敬，敬意，荣誉，给以荣誉We should honour our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。It is a great honour to be invited.承蒙邀请，十分荣幸。She is an honour to her profession.她是同行的光荣。用法拓展do sb. an honour; do sb. the honour(of doing sth.)给某人以特权；使某人有特殊的荣幸in honour of sb./sth.; in sb.s/sth.s honour出于对某人/某事物的敬意honour sb./sth. (with sth.)向某人/某事物致敬；表扬某人；给某人以荣誉be honoured for因受到尊敬for the honour of为了的荣誉即境活用翻译句子我得到您的信任，感到十分荣幸。_两位消防员因为勇气而受到尊敬。_答案：I feel highly honoured by your trust.Two firefighters have been honoured for their courage.10frighten vt.使害怕；吓唬用法拓展be frightened at听/看到吓了一跳be frightened away/off被吓跑frighten sb. into(doing)sth.吓得某人做某事frighten sb. out of doing sth.吓得某人不做某事be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事Dont stand so near the edge, youre frightening me!不要站得那么靠边，你要把我吓坏了！The lawyer frightened the old lady into signing the paper.那位律师恐吓着那位老太太在文件上签了字。即境活用完成句子The _ _(受惊吓的男孩)was speechless after he saw the terrible scene.She _ _ _(看到吓一跳)the traffic accident.答案：frightened boywas frightened at11judge v断定；判断；判决；n.裁判员；法官；评判员用法拓展judge sb./sth. from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong判断是非as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为judging by/from从上看，根据判断judgement n判断，审判，意见，判断力in ones judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法Judging from (by) his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是一个南方人。He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被判定今年年度最佳男演员。特别提示judging from/by表示“从上看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。即境活用单项填空_ from his accent, he is possibly from Korea.AJudgingBTo judgeCJudged DBeing judged答案：A重点短语1.a (large) number of许多的，大量的用法拓展a large/great number of许多的，大量的，相当于large/great number of，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。a small number of少量的an equal number of相同数量的in number在数量上number.among/with/as.把看做A great number of students find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.许多学生发现毕业以后找一份合适的工作不容易。He has collected large numbers of photos of different kinds of birds.他已经收集了大量的不同鸟类的照片。用法拓展表示“数量”的词语还有：a lot of/lots of许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a great/big deal of许多；很多(修饰不可数名词)an amount of/amounts of大量的(修饰不可数名词)a quantity of/quantities of很多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a little一些(修饰不可数名词)a bit of一些(修饰不可数名词)a great many很多(修饰可数名词)many a许多(修饰单数可数名词)They spent a great deal of money on this project.他们在这个项目上花了大量的钱。We have had an enormous amount of help from people.我们得到了人们的大力帮助。Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.大批量购货较便宜。A good many students in our class are fond of pop music.我们班里很多学生喜欢流行音乐。易混辨析a number of与the number of(1)a number of意为“若干；许多”；number前可用good, great, large, small等词修饰，其后必须接名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。(2)the number of意为“的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式。A small number of people have applied for the job.只有少数人申请这份工作。The number of the students is increasing very fast.学生数量正在迅速增长。即境活用单项填空The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ not seen at the meeting.Awas; wereBwas; wasCwere; was Dwere; were答案：A2one third三分之一用法拓展分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。分数或分数修饰名词作主语时谓语动词的数根据其含义或其后的名词而定。Two thirds of the students in our class are boys.我们班三分之二的学生是男生。Five sixths of the land in this area is polluted by this factory.这个地区六分之五的土地被这家工厂污染了。用法拓展(1)百分数的表达：percent与具体的数词连用，percentage可与large, small, high, increasing等词连用。(2)年龄的表达：表示“在某人岁时”用in ones整十的复数形式。(3)年份的表达：表示“在年代”用in the年份(后加s或s)。(4)倍数的表达：A谓语倍数比较级thanBA谓语倍数as原级asBA谓语倍数the名词(size, length, height等)ofBA谓语倍数thatofBA谓语倍数what引导的名词性从句Eighty percent of the students have gone to university this year.今年百分之八十的学生考上了大学。An increasing percentage of the population own their own homes.自己有房子的人占的比例越来越大了。He set up the company in his thirties.三十几岁时，他成立了这家公司。This happened in the 1920s.这件事发生在20世纪20年代。He earns three times more than her.He earns three times as much as her.He earns three times the money that she does.The money he earns is three times that of hers.He earns three times what she does.他的收入是她的三倍。即境活用单项填空With too many trees cut down, _ of the farmland in that district _ become desert in the past 50 years.Atwo seventh; hasBtwo seventh; haveCtwo sevenths; hasDtwo sevenths; haveWhen he moved to Germany in _， he was already in _.Athe fifties; his sixty Bfifties; his sixtiesCthe fifties; his sixties Dfifty; sixtyMuch to his surprise, he invited only twenty friends to the dinner, but _ came.Atwice as many asBas many as twiceCtwice as manyDtwice more than答案：CCC3at an end结束，终止Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last at an end.我们想寻找一幢便宜些但要大些的房子的事终于有了结果。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。The war was at an end.战争结束了。用法拓展end in以为结果at the end of到的尽头by the end of到末come to the end结束，告终make both ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出put an end to sth.结束某事，终止某事；消灭某事stand on end竖立，直立即境活用翻译句子我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。_他们失了业，还要养活两个小孩，无法维持起码的生活。_答案：My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.Being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make ends meet.4right away毫不迟疑，立刻He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。The storm will blow over right away.暴风雨很快就会平息。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。用法拓展“立刻，马上”表达一览：at onceon no timeright nowwithout delayimmediately易混辨析right away与right nowright away意为“毫不迟疑，立刻”，而right now意为“现在”。即境活用完成句子Its an important thing, do it _！_ its summer vacation and Im helping my dad on the farm._ he is doing an operation on the patient, please dont disturb him.答案：right awayRight nowRight now5give out分发，发出(气味、热等)，发表，用尽，精疲力竭He has refused to give out any information on the matter.他已拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息。After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。The fire can be compared with the sun, and both all give out light and warm up.火可以与太阳相比，两者都发光和热。用法拓展give away泄露，揭发，赠送，分送；颁发give in屈服give off放出；散发出give up放弃 give back归还give for牺牲；交换即境活用翻译句子请帮我分发这些试卷。_我决不屈服。_他终于戒烟了。_答案：Please help me give out these test papers.Never will I give in.Finally he gave up smoking.6too.to.太以至于不能Hes far too young to go on his own.他太小了不能自己去。Its too cold to go in the sea yet.天太冷还不能下海。Its too long a journey to make in one day.路程太远，一天之内到不了。用法拓展(1)too后是表心情的形容词，如：happy，pleased，willing，thankful，anxious，eager，easy，kind，good等时，too意为“非常”，不再带有否定意义。如：She is too kind to help others.她非常乐于帮助别人。(2)too.to前有否定词时，too.to表肯定。如：It is never too late to study.活到老，学到老。(3)tooadj.for sb.(to do sth.)表示“太以至于不能做”。如：The question is too difficult for me to answer.这问题太难了，我回答不了。即境活用翻译句子这篇课文对他们来说太难了。_她非常乐意去帮助他。_箱子太重，我提不动。_答案：This is too difficult a text for them./This text is too difficult for them.She is too willing to help him.The box was too heavy for me to carry.7as if意为“仿佛；好像”He behaves as if he had no common sense.他的言行就好像没有常识似的。He quickly ran home，looking as if there was something wrong with him.他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对劲。用法拓展as ifas though引导的从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词一般用were。若表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大，通常不用虚拟语气。Its my birthday.It seems as if you didnt know!今天是我的生日，你好像不知道似的！If a pen is partly into the water，it looks as if it were broken.如果把钢笔的一部分放在水里，它看上去像断了似的。He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.他吓得直哆嗦，就好像看见了鬼一样。It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。温馨提示as if/as though后面除了可以跟句子外，还可以跟动词不定式、介词短语、过去分词、动词的ing形式。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起了手，好像要摘下帽子。The boy looked around as if in search of something.那孩子环视四周，好像在寻找什么东西。The man was lying on the ground as if hurt.那个人躺在地上，好像受了伤。The girl sat at her desk quietly as if listening to the teacher.那个女孩静静地坐在桌子旁，好像在听老师讲课。即境活用单项填空The boy still remembers the accident exactly as if it_yesterday.Awas happeningBhappensChas happened Dhappened答案：D8instead of代替用法拓展作“代替、取代”讲的有：instead of/instead/in place of。instead of除作“代替”讲之外，还意为“而不，而没有”。这时，不能与in place of替换，但可与rather than替换。They went there by bus instead of(rather than)on foot.他们乘车去那儿而不是步行。若要点明“被代替的人或物”，instead之后须加of；若不需要具体点出来“被代替的人或物”，则不加of。If you cant go，hell go instead(of you)如果你不能去，他将代替你去。特别提醒instead用作副词，一般放在句末，否定上文提到的事物，而instead of为介词短语，一般放在句首或句中，否定of后的宾语。Well have tea in the garden instead of in the house.Well not have tea in the house.Instead，well have tea in the garden.我们不在屋子里喝茶，而要在花园里喝茶。即境活用单项填空_buying them in the shops，she prefers making her own clothes.AInstead BInstead ofCMore than DRather thanMr. Li is ill so I will have this English class with you_him.Ainstead Btake the place ofCinstead of Dtaking place of答案：B句意为：她更喜欢自己制作衣服，而不喜欢在商店中购买。由句意排除C项，A项为副词，其后不接宾语；D项后一般不跟动名词，故选B。Cinstead of“代替”，在此符合句意也符合语法结构，若用动词短语则应该用taking the place of形式。重点句式1.It seems as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！用法拓展表示“好像”的几种表达：It seems/looks/appears as if/though.看起来好像It always seemed as though they would marry in the end.久而久之，看来他们终归得结婚。It seemed as if the end of the world had come.好像世界末日已经来临。It looks like rain./It looks as if its going to rain.好像要下雨了。Sb./Sth. looks as if/though/like.(不用seem/appear)That photograph doesnt look like her at all.那张照片看上去一点都不像她。This looks to me like the right door.依我看就是这个门。You look as if you slept badly.看你那样子仿佛没睡好觉。There seems/appears(to be).(不用look)There appears to have been a mistake.It appears that there has been a mistake.看起来好像是个错误。It seems so.So it seems.看来似乎是这样。易混辨析seem，look与appear这三个词都可用作系动词，都可以译作“似乎”或“看上去”。(1)seem所表示的“似乎”或“看来”是以客观的迹象为依据的。例如：A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一
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