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111一、 现在完成时1、 构成 _2、用法I表示_发生的事对_具有影响。1） Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.2） The boy is happy. He has caught a bird.II表示_开始的动作一直延续到_或者_。1）I have not seen Justin since Last Friday night.2) Daniel has lived in Beijing since he came to China. III表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。此时下列词汇经常和现在完成时连用：already, ever, never, for, just, lately/ recently, since, yet。1） The boy has already come home.2） I havent heard anything from him yet.其中，for + 一段时间，since + 某个时间点。e.g. We havent seen him for two days. We havent seen him since last Monday.IV表示到现在为止的一段时间内_的动作。1） Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.2） I have advised him to give up smoking many times, but he just wont listen to me.V 现在完成时还可用于下列句型中：This/It is the best/ finest/ most interesting + that- clause, This/It is the first/ second time + that- clause, that 从句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时。It is/ has been a period of time since + 一般过去时1） This is the best book that I have read.2） It is the first time that I have seen the film.3） It is/ has been a long time since I came to Wuxi.3、注意1）现在完成时不和明确的表示时间的词连用，如yesterday, last week, in 1976等。2）表示短暂意义的动词，如begin, leave, arrive, return, stop, open, go, come, die等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。* Read the following sentences and say T or F .(1) He has come to Beijing since last year.(2) He has been here for three years.(3) He has joined the army for three years (4) He has been a solider for 3 years.(5) It is 3 years since he joined the army.(6) He has joined the army.二、 现在完成进行时1、 构成 _e.g. I havent been sleeping well since I returned home.2、用法表示动作从_开始一直延续到_，可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。1）- Sorry, Im late. Have you been waiting long? - Yes. I _ (wait) for an hour.2) She is very tired. She _ (work) all morning.3) The man started working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now. The man _ (work) in the field for half an hour.4) The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now.The boy _ (have) dinner since five minutes ago.3、注意现在完成进行时多用持续性动词，如do, live, learn, lie, stay, wait, stand, study等，常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等表示现在之前这一段时间的状语以及since和 for引导的时间状语或从句连用。e.g. He has been watching television all day. I have been learning English for three years. Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. This whole week, he has been training some new employees. He has been smoking too much recently. 三、 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较1、现在完成时表示到现在为止_，强调结果；而现在完成进行时强调_，强调“一直”，往往表示动作_。I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。（书不一定看完）I have read two novels. 我已读过两本小说。（动作已完成）I have been writing letters. 我一直都在写信。I have written three letters. 我已经写完三封信了。2、有些动词如study, work, live用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。I have lived here since 1990. / I have been living here since 1990.They have studied the problem for quite some time. / They have been studying the problem for quite some time.3、有些动词动词本身表示一种持续的状态，一般不用现在完成进行时，如be, know, love, remember, understand, see, like, last。Ive known him for many years.They have not seen each other for a long time.The war has lasted for a long time.动词填空1. How long _ you _ (do) this work?2. There you are. I _ (wait) for an hour.3. Why are your clothes so dirty? What _ you _ (do)?4. There _ (be) two world wars in the past hundred years.5. He _ never _ (drive) a car before.6. We _ (marry) for three years.7. - _ you _ (find) your dog? - No.8. I _ (not see) Lucy since last Friday night.9. We _ (fish) all afternoon, but we _ (not catch) any fish yet.10. This is the most interesting film I _ (see).巩固练习1. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C had waited D. would wait.3. The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had4. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _ ?A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking5. He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned6. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left7. Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left8. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused9. My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far.A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing10. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed11. - Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. - Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone12. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. will show C. has shown D. is showing13. - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left14. Unfortunately, when I got there, she _, so we had only time for a few words.A. just leftB. had just left C. has just left D. was just leaving15. The weather makes so much trouble. It _ every day so far this week.A. will rain B. rainsC. has rainedD. rained16. The last time I _ Jane, she _cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking17. Ann _ me her address but Im afraid I _ it.A. gave; have lostB. had given; have lost C. gives; lost D. had given; lost18. You may find the key to the maths problem on page 10.Ah, its so simple. I wonder why I _ of that.A. hadnt thoughtB. haven t thought C. didnt thinkD. wouldnt think19. I heard the peasants here _ very poor in the past.Yes, but there _ great changes in the past few years.A. have been; have been B. have been; were C. were; have been D. were; were20. According to the timetable, the plane for shanghai _at seven.A. leaves B. has left C. left D. will leave21. What were you doing when the telephone rang?I _ away my books and _ to bed.A.had just put; was going B. was just putting; went C. just put; had gone D. have just put; gone22. Have you finished your homework, Mary?No, I _ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday.A. would help B. had helped C. was helping D. used to help23. You shouldnt go anywhere, the train_.A. will leave B. is leaving C. leaves D. is to leave24. He _ articles for our wall newspaper these years, and he _ about thirty articles.A. has written, has written B. has been writing, wroteC. is writing, has been written D. has been writing, has written25. Tom was disappointed that most of guests _when he _at the party.A. left, had arrived B. had left, had arrived C. left, arrived D. had left, arrived高考链接1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. (2008江苏)A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen (2008福建)4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. (2007湖南) A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. (2007江西) A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling (2007上海)8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.(北京)A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? (2007江苏) Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 111
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