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111必修1Unit3TravelJournal要点解读一、词汇详解1.transport n.&vt.运送；运输【典型例句】Beijing is trying to improve its transport system for the coming 2008 Olympics.北京为了迎接即将到来的2008奥运会,正在努力改善交通设施。The goods will be transported to Tokyo by air.货物将空运到东京。【相关链接】(1)transport还可作可数名词,表示“交通工具”。例如：It is easier to travel if you have your own transport.如果你自己有交通工具,旅行起来就方便多了。(2)transportation n.运输;交通。例如:The railroad gives free transportation for a certain amount of baggage.铁路免费运送一定数量的行李。(3)构词法:Trans-作为前缀,意为“横过；贯穿；转移”。例如:translate vi.&vt.翻译transfer vi.&vi.转移,调离transmit vt.传输；传播完成句子(1)我的汽车正在修理,所以我现在没有代步工具了。My car is being repaired so Im_at the moment.(2)我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。I usually travel by_.答案:(1)without transport(2)public transport填充(3)Can you_this letter from German into English?(4)The message was_by radio.(5)She has been_to another department.答案:(3)translate(4)transmitted(5)transferred2.persuade vt.说服；劝说;使某人相信【典型例句】Thank you for persuading my mother to let me join the army.谢谢你说服了我的妈妈让我参军。 I persuaded him into doing it.我说服他去做这件事。 I persuaded Robert that the journey was too dangerous and he didnt go.我对罗伯特说那个旅行太危险,他被说服了,所以没有去。 I am firmly persuaded that such is the fact.我坚信事实就是这样。He has persuaded me of its truth.他使我相信这是真的。【知识小结】persuade表示“说服”时。常构成以下搭配:persuade sb.to do sth.劝服某人做某事persuade sb.into doing sth.劝服某人做某事persuade sb.that.使某人相信,劝服某人persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信【相关链接】(1)persuasion n.说服；说服力persuasive adj.有说服力的,易使人信服的(2)persuade和advise的区别:persuade一词常指已说服某人advise一词则是尝试劝说某人,结果不一定如愿。例如:I persuaded him to go home.我说服他回家了。I advised him to go home,but he refused.我劝他回家,他拒绝了。单项填空(1)Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wife_him to give up smoking last year.A.suggested B.advised C.persuaded D.told提示:advise sb.to do sth.意思是“劝某人做某事”,强调动作,尤其是表达“劝而不服”时多用此结构;persuade sb.to do sth.意思是“劝服某人做某事”,强调结果。答案:C(2)The businessman tried to_me of his honesty and goodwill at first,but he turned out a deceiver.A.adviseB.persuadeC.remindD.understand提示:句意:这个商人起初尽力让我相信他的诚实和善意,但结果证明他是一个骗子。此题用persuade sb.of sth.表示“使某人相信”。答案:B(3)Much to our delight,Dr.John was finally_into joining our adventurous travel to the South Pole.A.advisedB.agreed C.admittedD.persuaded答案:D3.insist vt.坚持；强调【典型例句】I insisted that I hadnt seen the wallet.我坚持说我没有见过这个钱包。He insisted on/upon my going with him.他坚持要我跟他一起去。He insists she (should) not be invited to our party.他坚持要邀请她参加我们的聚会。 They insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony.他们坚持要他出席这次仪式。【知识小结】(1)insist 表示“坚持要做某事”时,宾语从句中的动词形式用“should+动词原形（或省去should）”。如果表示“坚持某个观点或说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。(2)insist on/upon (sb./sb.s)doing sth.坚持某人做某事【相关链接】(1)insistence n.坚持insistent adj.坚持不懈的insistently adv.坚决地(2)insist on和stick to的区别:insist on多用于“坚持”意见、看法、主张,常常与“说”有关系。例如:Naturalists insist on us caring for the wildlife.自然学家坚决主张我们要关爱野生生命。 stick to多用于“坚持”原则、计划、决定、诺言、意见等。例如:We should always stick to our value of life.我们总是要坚持我们的生命观。单项填空(1)The study of English he has insisted on_himself with the international business has now proved fruitful.A.to helpB.helpingC.having helpD.will help提示:空格处不是insisted on的宾语而是目的状语,所以要用不定式。答案:A(2)Bob insisted that he_nothing wrong and_from work.A.did;wont be firedB.had done;not be firedC.should do;mustnt be firedD.do;shouldnt be fired提示:第一个空表示说法,要用过去完成时,表示发生的时间比主句的谓语早；第二个空表示坚持做某事,要用虚拟语气。答案:B(3)The public insisted on the government_ immediate action against corruption.A.must takeB.should takeC.to takeD.taking提示:insist on sb.doing sth.表示“坚决要求某人做某事”。答案:D4.proper adj.适当的；恰当的【典型例句】He wondered whether it would be proper to visit him at this hour.我不知道在这个时候拜访他是否合适。It isnt proper to visit a friend at this late hour.天这么晚了,去看朋友不合适。 It must be done in the proper way.这件事必须以恰当的方式来做。 You arent wearing proper clothes for this hot weather.这么热的天气,你穿的衣服不合适。【相关链接】properly adv.适当地,恰当地；improper adj.不恰当的单项填空The teapot has lost its_lid but this one will do instead.A.correctB.exactC.properD.fit提示:correct 意为“正确的”;exact “精确的”;fit“适合的”,这三个词在语意上不适合用在此题中。而proper表示“恰当的,适当的,正好的”,句意: 茶壶（合适的）盖儿不见了,但这个可代替使用。答案:C5.care about 关心；在意【典型例句】People here are thoughtful of others.They care about each other.这里的人总为别人考虑,他们都互相关心。She didnt care about anything people might say.人们说什么她都不在乎。【知识小结】care about表示“关心”讲时,用在肯定句中;表示“在意”时,用在疑问句和否定句中。【相关链接】(1)care to do sth.表示“愿意做”。例如:I dont care to go out.我不想出去。(2)care for 也有“关心;照料”之意,与care about相同;但也可表示“喜欢，对有兴趣”,多用于否定句和疑问句中,这有别于care about。例如:He doesnt care much for music.他不太喜欢音乐。(不可用care about)Would you care for a walk?你愿意散一散步吗?(不可用care about)care for 还可表示“照顾”。例如:The children are well cared for in the nurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。单项填空(1)Does your wife like tea?Well,she doesnt really_tea;she likes coffee better.A.care forB.careC.care about D.care of提示:句意为“你妻子喜欢茶吗?”“她其实不太喜欢茶,她更喜欢咖啡。”此处应该表示“喜欢”,故要用care for。答案:A(2)Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet.It is a reminder that we need to_the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.A.care aboutB.think ofC.take possession of D.refer to 提示:care about关心,照料;think of 想到;take possession of 拥有;refer to 涉及到,参考。答案:A6.determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心【典型例句】Demand determines supply.需求决定供给。They have determined where the new school will be built.他们已确定这所新的学校将建造在什么地方。She determined to go that very afternoon.她决定就在那天下午走。My moms encouragement determined me to go on with my study.我母亲的鼓励使我决心继续我的学业。He was determined to win the game.他决心要赢得那场比赛。【知识小结】determine表示“决心做某事”时,可用sb.determines to do sth.也可用sb.is determined to do sth.。【相关链接】determined adj.有决心的;意志坚强的determination n.毅力,决心 同义词组:decide,make up ones mind to do sth.决心做某事单项填空_to train his daughter in English,he put an ad like this in the paper,“,an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”A.Determined;WantedB.Determined;WantingC.Determine;WantedD.Determining;Wanting提示:句意: 他决心辅导他女儿英语,所以在报纸上登了这样一个广告,“招聘,英语老师,辅导十岁女孩”。如果我们说“某人决心做某事”,要用be determined to do sth.;第二个空用过去分词形式wanted,表示与teacher是被动关系。答案:A7.give in 投降；屈服；让步【典型例句】The rebels were forced to give in.叛乱者被迫投降。Although he was ill,he stuck at his work and refused to give in.虽然有病,但他仍然坚持工作,不肯示弱。You cant win the game,so you may as well give in.你赢不了这场比赛,所以还是认输算了。Stubborn as he was,he finally gave in.他虽然很固执,但最后还是让步了。Both sides argued with reason,and neither would give in.双方都振振有词地辩论着,可谁也不服谁。He has given in to my views at last.他们最后接受了我的意见。【相关链接】(1)give in也可作及物动词短语,意为“上交”。例如:Give your examination papers in when you have finished.做完试卷就交上来。(2)give构成的短语:give off 发出；放出。例如:The apples give off a very sweet smell.这些苹果散发出非常香甜的味儿。 give out 分发,发出(气味、热等),用尽,精疲力竭。例如:Please help me give out these test papers.请帮我分发这些试卷。 Our food supply at last gives out.供给我们的食物终于用完了。give up 放弃(念头、希望等),停止,抛弃,认输,把送交。例如:He gave up teaching only two years ago.两年前他才离开教学工作的。 He gave the books up to her.他把书给她递上去。 give away 赠送;捐献;分发（奖品等）泄露（秘密等）。例如:The old teacher gave away all his books to the school.这位老教师把他的全部藏书捐送给了学校。 The headmaster gave away the prizes.校长分发奖品。 give way让路;倒塌；折断。例如:Give way to cars that come from the left.给左边开过来的汽车让路。 The ladder gave way and Larry fell to the ground.梯子断了,拉里摔倒在地上。 give back 归还；恢复。例如:Please give me back the book I lent you.请将我借给你的书还给我。 give over 停止；交付。例如:I hope the rain will soon give over.我希望雨不久即停。We gave him over to the police.我们把他交给了警方。介副词填空(1)This milk must be bad,for it is giving_a nasty smell.(2)Both the man and the horse gave _after the long ride.(3)All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given_and the search stopped.(4)You have given_a good chance.(5)The old wall gave_and injured three children.(6)The government gave_food to people out of work.(7)He soon gave_smoking when he heard the medical report.(8)Nobody knows Ive done this,so please dont give me_.(9)There was nothing the doctors could do to give me_the use of my legs.(10)The keys were given_to our neighbours during our absence.(11)I did want a holiday abroad,but Ive given_the idea.(12)After the boy proved that he could ride a bicycle safely,his father gave_to him and bought him one.答案:(1)off(2)out(3)up(4)away(5)way(6)out(7)up(8)away(9)back(10)over(11)up(12)in单项填空(13)Defeated by many failures,he finally_.A.gave outB.gave inC.gave awayD.gave off提示:give in屈服；give out发出,分发；give away 赠送；give off发出。答案:B(14)Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance,but her trembling voice_.A.gave her inB.gave her outC.gave her awayD.gave her up提示:句意:简尽量保持一种镇静的外表,但她那颤抖的声音给她揭了底。give sb.in 意为“泄了某人的秘密,8.fun n.乐趣；玩笑；有趣的人或事【典型例句】Theres no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards.整个晚上打扑克牌没有意思。Have fun at the party tonight.今晚的晚会上玩得开心。His uncle is fond of fun.他的叔叔喜欢开玩笑。Mr.Smith is great fun.史密斯先生是一个很有趣的人。【知识小结】fun指“有趣的人或事”时,要用作不可数名词,前面不加冠词。【相关链接】(1)funny adj.有趣的;好笑的;滑稽的;奇异的;古怪的。例如：I told my little sister a funny story.我给我的小妹妹讲了一个有趣的故事。 His behaviour was rather funny.他的举止颇为古怪。(2)短语归纳:make fun of 开某人的玩笑 for fun 为了娱乐What fun!多么有趣！Have fun！祝玩得开心！in fun开玩笑,不是认真的Sth./Sb.is fun.某事/某人真有趣。改错(1)Its not many fun going to a party alone.(2)What a fun it is to walk a dog after supper.答案与提示:(1)many改为much。fun为不可数名词。(2)去掉第一个a。fun是不可数名词。单项填空(3)Im going swimming with my uncle in the East Lake this weekend._.A.Good ideaB.Thats all rightC.Take careD.Have fun提示:句意:“这个周末我要与我叔叔去游泳。”对于这样的话,要祝对方玩得开心了。所以选D项。答案:D(4)You cant imagine_fantastic fun web chatting is.Really?But it may cause a lot of trouble sometimes.A.what B.how C.why D.so提示:句意:“你想像不到网上聊天是多么的有趣。”“真的吗?但有时也会带来很多麻烦事。”fun为不可数名词，前面要用疑问代词what修饰。答案:A9.put up支起;举起;张贴;建起；为提供食宿;提出【典型例句】Several tents have been put up to accommodate the party.（我们）搭起了几个帐篷来给这一行人住。Put up your hands if you have any question.如果有问题,请举手。Commercial advertisements are put up everywhere.商业广告贴得到处都是。They are putting up several new buildings in that block.他们正在那一街区建几幢楼房。Yes,we can put you up for a night or two.是的,我们可以安排你住一两夜。Id like to put up an idea for your consideration.我想提个意见供你考虑。【相关链接】put aside放在一边;储存;保留put away放好;收好put down写下;记下;镇压put forward提出;推荐;把提前put off延期;推迟;关掉;阻止,妨碍put on穿上;戴上;上演;增加(体重)put out熄灭;关灯;生产出,出版put up with忍受;容忍单项填空(1)In Disneyland,every year,much of the grass is replaced because Disney refuses to_signs asking his visitors not to step on them.A.put onB.put up C.put downD.put out 提示:句意:在迪斯尼,每年许多草地都要换新,这是因为迪斯尼拒绝张贴要求参观者别踩草地的牌示。put on 穿上，上演;put up张贴;put down放下;put out熄灭。答案:B(2)The forest guards often find campfires that have not been_completely.A.turned downB.put outC.put awayD.turned over提示:扑灭火用put out;turned down 拧低声音,拒绝;put away 存放;turned over 翻倒。答案:B10.familiar adj.熟悉的【典型例句】Your face seems familiar.你看上去很面熟。I am of course familiar with your work.我当然熟悉你的工作。She wrote in a familiar style.她用亲切的笔调写作。Guo Degang has become a crosstalk performer familiar to every one of us.郭德刚已成为一位我们大家熟悉的相声演员。 【相关链接】be familiar to为所熟悉be familiar with 熟悉;通晓;精通make oneself familiar with同好（熟悉）起来;同亲近起来完成句子(1)他通晓中国古代史。He_Chinese ancient history.(2)学生必须了解“八荣八耻”。The “Eight Honors & Eight Disgraces” must be made_our students.(3)她和他们打招呼时亲切地直呼其名。She greeted them by their first names_.答案:(1)is familiar with(2)familiar to(3)in a familiar way二、句型剖析1.be+adj.+to do【典型例句】The question is impossible to answer.这个问题不可能回答。This kind of new game is very pleasant to play.这种新游戏玩起来让人感到愉快。My newly-bought apartment is comfortable to live in.我新买的公寓住起来很舒适。I think English easy to learn if youll have a proper way.我认为如果有适当的方法,英语是容易学的。【知识小结】后面能接不定式的主动形式的形容词常有easy,difficult,hard,nice,pleasant,comfortable,impossible等。这时候,不定式与主语是动宾关系。单项填空The days_we spent together on the farm are not easy_.A.when;to forgetB.which;to be forgottenC.that;to forgetD./;to be forgotten提示:句意:我们在农场一起度过的日子永难忘记。第一个空要用关系代词引导定语从句修饰days,作spent的宾语;第二个空放在easy后面要用不定式的主动形式。答案:C2.once引导条件和时间状语从句【典型例句】Once you start,you will never give up.一旦你开始了,你就不要放弃。Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了规则,物理就不难学了。Once printed,this dictionary will be very popular!一旦出版,这本词典将会非常畅销！Once you begin to read it,you will like it.你一开始读,你就会喜欢它。【知识小结】(1)once引导条件状语从句,意为“一旦”,也可引导时间状语从句,表示“一就”,相当于as soon as。(2)once作为连接词引导条件状语从句时,后面可接现在分词,与主语是主动关系；过去分词与主语是被动关系。(3)在once引导的从句中,要用一般时态代替将来时态。单项填空(1)The research is so designed that once_nothing can be done to change it.A.beginsB.having begunC.beginningsD.begun提示:once后面接过去分词begun,与主语research是被动关系。答案:D(2)I am afraid I wont have any influence over my 19-year-old daughter_her mind is made up.A.once B.the moment C.as soon as D.since提示:句意:当我十九岁的女儿一旦作出了决定,恐怕我不会再对她产生影响力了。根据句意分析,空格处应表示条件意味,所以要用once。答案:A3.感官动词+宾语+宾补(do/doing/done)【典型例句】I often see my child do his homework carefully.我经常看到我的孩子认真做作业。(经常性的行为)He was seen to be taken by a policeman.人们看到他被警察带走了。(一个完整的事件或行为)I wont see this kind of thing happen again.我不愿意看到这种事再次发生。(将来的一个动作)I felt my heart beating faster than before when I bumped into the thief.当我遇到那个贼的时候,我感到我的心跳加速了。（正在进行的状态）I heard him singing an English song.我听见他在唱一首英文歌。（正在进行的动作）I heard him arrested by the police for selling Shaking Head Pills.我听说他由于卖摇头丸被警方逮捕了。（被动的动作）I watched the bicycle being repaired.我看着自行车在被修理。（正在进行的动作）【知识小结】(1)感官动词后面接不定式时,表示一个完整的被动动作或状态,意为“做过”或“将做”。在主动语态中不定式的符号要省略；在被动语态中不可省略。(2)接现在分词作宾补时,表示动作或状态的一部分,意为“正在进行”。(3)接过去分词表示一个已经发生了的被动动作或经常发生的被动动作。【相关链接】使役动词make,have,get,let后面也可接上述形式作补足语。它们分别构成下几个句式:make sb./sth.do/donehave sb./sth.do/doing/doneget sb./sth.doing/done/to dolet sb./sth.do例如:The boss makes him work twenty hours a day.=He is made to work twenty hours a day.老板使他一天工作二十小时。Who would you have do the job?你想让谁做这项工作？I wont have you making the same mistake again.我不允许你再犯这种错误。Dont let your children stay up too late.不要让孩子们熬夜太晚。填空用正确的动词形式填空。(1)Who saw a green car_(pass)here?(2)We happened to see Jenny_(stand) there crying.(3)He is often seen_(pick) up his daughter from kindergarten.(4)I observed the boy_(take) your umbrella.(5)The teacher had his students_(have)a thorough cleaning this afternoon.(6)Tom was made_(write)the composition again.(7)Do you know we have had the guest_(wait) for about half an hour?(8)The boy was last seen_(play)on the seaside.答案:(1)pass(2)standing(3)to pick(4)take(5)have(6)to write(7)waiting(8)playing单项填空(9)No one likes to see his feelings_,so Gabriel Oak turned away.A.laugh atB.to be laughed atC.laughing atD.laughed at提示:此句中laughed at是过去分词短语作宾补,与宾语feelings是被动关系。答案:D(10)While in college,he was often seen_part-time work in restaurants at the weekends.A.practisingB.to be practisingC.practiseD.to practise 提示:此句叙述的是经常性的动作,要用不定式to practise作主语补足语。答案:D4.what引导宾语从句【典型例句】They finally reached what is called America now.他们最终到了现在叫做美洲的地方。It is Bell who invented what is called telephone now.电话是贝尔发明的。We waited for her for what seemed a long age.我们似乎等她等了很长时间。Are you satisfied with what the boss said just now?你对于老板刚才说的话满意吗?【知识小结】what引导宾语从句或其他名词性从句时,要在句中充当主语,宾语,表语或定语,表示情况、事件、言语,时间、地点等。尤其是表示时间和地点时要注意与when和where的区别。单项填空A modern city has been set up in_was a wasteland ten years ago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where提示:句意:一座现代城市已经在十年前曾经是一片荒野的地方建立起来。what引导宾语从句,同时作宾语从句中的主语,which虽然在语法功能上与what相同,但它表示“某范围中的哪一个,哪一类,哪一种”。答案:A5.while引导让步状语从句【典型例句】While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be solved.虽然我承认这些问题很难,但我不同意说它们解决不了。While shes a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.虽然她是个讨人喜欢的女孩子,但是与其共事会非常困难。【知识小结】while可作为从属连词用,引导让步状语从句,在语意上相当于though或although,意为“虽然但是”。【相关链接】(1)while作从属连词时，还可表示“在过程中”,引导时间状语从句。例如:While the discussion was still going on,George came in.当讨论还在进行时,乔治走了进来。(2)while还可作并列连词,表示“而”,连接并列句。例如:That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.那个地区有丰富的自然资源,而这个地区什么都没有。I earn only 50 dollars a week,while she earns 80 dollars.我一周只赚50美元,她却赚80美元。 单项填空(1)_I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.WhileB.SinceC.Before D.Unless提示:句意:我虽然承认他并不完美,但是我的确喜欢这个人。从句和主句在逻辑意义上是转折关系,所以要用while引导让步状语从句。答案:A(2)(2006天津高考)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while提示:while此处是一个表示转折意义的连词，表示“虽然，但是”。表示the cost of living与the quality of life的对比。since引导原因状语从句，意为“由于”。when引导时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”。as可以引导时间状语从句也可引导原因状语从句。答案:D(3)The Chinese are good at table tennis_the English are interested in football.A.if B.as C.while D.since提示:句意:中国擅长乒乓球而英国人喜欢足球。此句要用while构成并列句,表示对比。答案:C三、语法详解现在进行时表示将来1.现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的一个动作或用来描述一个频繁发生的动作。例如：Jeanne is sitting in the park.Man is fighting a battle against population.2.在时间、条件等状语从句中用进行时代替将来时。If I am sleeping when he comes,wake me up,please.3.有时可用来代替一般现在时来表达说话人的某种感情，常与always,constantly,forever连用。You are always forgetting the important thing.You are always saying that.He is constantly thinking of how he could do more for others.4.现在进行时除表示正在进行的动作外，还可表示即将发生的动作，谓语动词通常为瞬间动词。如：come,go,arrive,leave,start,return,stay,meet,get等。这些动词的进行时句子不能再接具体的时间。单项填空(1)Will you tell us something about the weather there?I_to that.A.goB.comeC.am goingD.am coming提示：“我就要讲到这一点”，为进行时表示将来，A、B两项时态不对，C项意思不对。答案：D(2)A new cinema_here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be builtB.is builtC.has been builtD.is being built提示：从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且应用被动语态。答案：D课文回顾下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。Wang Kun and Wang Wei took a great trip after they_from college.Their idea is to_along Mekong River from where it begins to where it_.Before their trip,Wang Kun and Wang Wei went to the library to find a large_with good maps.With the help of the maps,they knew something_about the Mekong River.They found the_of the river and began their journey there.Though their journey would begin at an_of more than 5000 metres they were_about it and it would be an interesting_.答案：graduated;cycle;ends;atlas;more;source;altitude;excited;experience111
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