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Section Grammar & Writing,读下面课文中出现的句子，判断划线部分在句中分别作什么成分。 1(P17)_，I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2(P18)_，his parents company，called“Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. 3(P22)_, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.,Well-known for their expertise,Described as an enormous round plate,过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语保持一致，过去分词与逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系。表示时间、原因、条件、让步的过去分词短语可以拓展成相应的状语从句。,一、过去分词或过去分词短语作状语 1时间状语 过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等，使其时间意义更明确。,Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.When it is seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,城市显得更漂亮。 Dont speak until asked to.Dont speak until you are asked to.当被要求发言时，你才能讲话。,2原因状语 过去分词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. Because it was written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。,3条件状语 可用在连词if，unless之后，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Given more time，we could do it much better. If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。,4让步状语 有时可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等连词之后，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields. Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被警告将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活。,5方式或伴随状语 此时相当于一个由and连接的并列结构。 The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students. The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群他的学生。,二、过去分词作状语用法点津 (1)作状语的过去分词其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,即过去分词表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.(I和give之间是动宾关系)再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。,(2)值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。 Lost in thought，he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。,(3)过去分词常跟when，while，after，if，unless，although/though,as if等连词一起用,修饰谓语动词。 Metals expand when heated.金属被加热会膨胀。 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别： 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。,Asked why he was late，he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生在那边玩耍。,【助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作,共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用v.ing，被动用v.ed，having done表先后，千万要牢记。,.用分词短语改写句子 1Although we were exhausted by the climbing，we continued our journey. _，we continued our journey. 2She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared. _，she suddenly appeared.,Exhausted by the climbing,Dressed in white,3Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter. Aunt Wu came in，_. 4As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. _he has made，he works harder. 5Once it is seen，it will not be forgotten. _，it will not be forgotten.,followed by her daughter,Encouraged by the progress,Once seen,.单项填空 1(2011高考四川卷)_ an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous. AOffer BOffering COffered DTo offer,解析：选C。句意：在一部新的电影被提供了一个重要的角色，安迪将有机会成名。Andy与offer之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。,2(2011高考天津卷)_ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslating BTranslated CTo translate DHaving translated 解析：选B。句意：被译成英语后，发现这个句子词序全部变化了。the sentence与translate之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作状语。,3(2010高考陕西卷)_from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeing CHaving seen DTo see 解析：选A。句意：从塔顶上看，这座山的南麓是一片树的海洋。句子的主语是the south foot of the mountain，与see之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词seen的形式，作状语。,4_by his grandparents，Jimmy wasnt used to living with his parents. ATo bring up BTo be brought up CBrought up DBeing brought up,解析：选C。句意：因为Jimmy是由他祖父母养大的，所以他不习惯同他父母生活在一起。Brought up by his grandparents 是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于状语从句As/Because he was brought up by his grandparents。,5(2010高考大纲全国卷)Though_to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. Asurprising Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised,解析：选C。句意：尽管看到我们很惊讶，教授还是热情地欢迎了我们。此处是though引导让步状语从句的省略，若补全为“Though the professor was surprised”。surprised表示人具有的性质。,6_twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. ABeing bitten BBitten CHaving bitten DTo be bitten,解析：选B。句意：被咬过两次后，邮递员拒绝给我们送信除非我们把狗拴起来。the postman 和bite之间是被动关系，故此处应该用过去分词形式做原因状语。,7_not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. AReminding BReminded CTo remind DHaving reminded,解析：选B。句意：被提醒不要误了1520的飞机后，经理立即动身去了机场。考查非谓语动词做作语，句子的主语the manager与remind之间是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，故用非谓语动词的过去分词形式作状语，表示被动和完成。,8_ the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grew the international stars. AGiving BHaving given CTo give DGiven,解析：选D。句意：如果给予他们适当形式的训练，这些青少年足球选手有一天也许会成为国际球星。可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作条件状语。,9_ many times，he finally understood it. ATold BTelling CHaving told DHaving been told,解析：选D。句意：多次被告知后，他最后终于明白了。tell与主语之间是动宾关系，故用被动形式，又由语境many times可知，此处应该用分词的完成式，表示发生在主句动作前已经完成，所以用having been done来表示被动和完成的意义。,10_ by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. ABeing encouraged BEncouraging CEncouraged DHaving encouraged,解析：选C。句意：受科技进步的鼓舞，许多农民在自己的土地上建立了风车农厂。句子主语与encourage之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。,11_，they set out to break the record for crossing channel swim. AWell equipped BWell equipping CWell being equipped DTo equip,解析：选A。句意：装备好后，他们出发去打破穿越海峡的游泳记录。考查非谓语动词在句中作状语，equip与they之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。,12_ by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted,解析：选B。句意：被自然美景所吸引，这个来自伦敦的女孩决定再在农场度过两天的时间。该题考查过去分词作状语，表示原因。句子主语the girl与attract之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作状语。,13_with all the difficulties，he never gave up. AFaced BFacing CBeing faced DFaced himself,解析：选A。句意：面对所有的这些困难，他从来没有放弃过。face是及物动词，多用于face sb.with sth.结构中，与he之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。,14_with a bill for $5,000，Tom has taken another job during his spare time. ABurdened BBurden CBurdening DTo be burdened 解析：选A。句意：负有5000美元的债务，汤姆在业余时间里又从事了一份工作。主语Tom与burden之间是动宾关系，故用 burdened with.作状语，表示被动和完成。,15_ for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. ABlamed BBlaming CTo blame DTo be blamed 解析：选A。句意：因为学校网络的瘫痪而受到指责，爱丽丝情绪非常低落。此处blame与Alice之间是动宾关系，即blame Alice for.，故用过去分词形式作状语。,如何进行想象性写作 写作例题 根据以下内容，通过合理的想象，以“Our Future Life”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文，展望一下未来的科技生活。 1有些人可以到月球上度假。 2有些科学家能在海底生活。,3每家都有可视电话(videophone)，通过可视电话人们可以进行体检或购物。 4孩子们可以通过电视和广播在家接受教育。 5机器人为你做家务。,Our Future Life _ _,审题谋篇 1本文主体时态是一般将来时；中心人称是第一人称。 2梳理作文要点，根据作文要点，选择合适的句式。如并列句，疑问句，或复杂句式等。 3本文结构可以包括导入语部分和要点描述部分。,4行文过程中，发挥想象，注意修辞，如使用高级句式或高级词汇等，以增加文章的得分亮点。,写作要点 1未来生活会是什么样子？ What will the future life_？,be like,2. 有些人可以到月球上度假。 Some can_on the moon. We can go to the moon_. 3有些科学家能在海底生活。 Some scientists can_.,go on a vacation,for our holiday,live under the sea,4每家都有可视电话(videophone)，通过可视电话人们可以进行体检或购物。 People can_，and can also_or _through videophone. We can have the physical examination or do shopping by_.,make a videophone,have their body examined,do shopping,using the videophone,5 孩子们可以通过电视和广播在家接受教育。 Childrencan_through the TV or the broadcast.,get/receive education,6机器人为你做家务。 We can_by the robots. The robots can_.,have the housework done,help you with the housework,佳作欣赏 Our Future Life Sometimes I dream about life in the future.What will it be like？Perhaps some people will go to the moon for their holiday，and some scientists will live under the sea.Maybe we will have videophones in every home.,We can have a physical examination or do some shopping without leaving our homes. Im sure therell be more educational programs on the radio or TV，so perhaps children wont need to go to school every day.They will study at home.,No people like doing housework.Maybe in the future each family will have a robot.Every day we can ask the robot to do shopping，housework and so on.I believe the dream will come true some day.,名师点津 【美文点津】 疑问句式的使用，引人思考。 leaving our homes是动名词短语，在句中作介词without的宾语。 therell be.是省略了that的宾语从句，做be sure的宾语。,and so on是“等等”之意。 believe 后面接了省略了引导词that的宾语从句。 【类文点津】 在进行想象性作文的写作时，在立足于写作要点的基础上，要求考生充分发挥自己的想象力，同时，在写作时，要注意以下几方面：,1主题要明确。动笔前要先明确中心，即写作目的。在此基础上，要列好提纲，写出主题句。尽可能选择贴切的高级的句式或词汇描述自己的观点和看法。 2在进行此类写作时，主体时态多为一般将来时。中心人称为第一人称。,3常用的句式有： I imagine./I dream about./I am curious about./There is some possibility that./We will have./I believe that the dream can come true one day.,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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