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Section Grammar 复习定语从句,定语从句以从句形式在句中作定语，修饰名词、代词、句子中的部分或全部。被修饰的部分称为先行词。定语从句通常在先行词之后，由关系词引导。 关系词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as等。 关系副词：when，where，why。 关系词的作用：1)引导定语从句；2)指代先行词；3)在从句中充当句子成分。,定语从句分为：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of.长城是中国人为之骄傲的建筑之一。 Yesterday I met Mary，who looked very tired. 昨天我遇到了玛丽，她看上去很累。,一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1只用that不用which的情况： (1)先行词为不定代词all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等。或有all，any，no，every，few，little(少量的)，one，both等修饰时。 Everything (that) he said seemed quite reasonable. 他所说的一切似乎都相当有道理。,(2)先行词有形容词最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词时。 Light blue is the best colour that suits her. 浅蓝是最适合她的颜色。 (3)当先行词既有人又有物时。 He told us about the things and persons that had interested him most when he stayed in France. 他告诉了我们他在法国停留期间最吸引他的东西和人。,(4)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 获得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ (5)主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. 桌子上有一本属于弗兰克的书。 (6)先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时。 This is the last thing (that) I want to do. 这是我最不想做的事情。,2定语从句只用which引导的情况： (1)当关系代词前有介词时，只能用which引导。 The room in which I study is very cool in summer. 我在里面学习的那个房间夏天很凉快。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，只能用which引导。 He bought the book yesterday，which he enjoyed very much. 他昨天买了这本书，他非常喜欢它。,(3)引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面一句话的内容，译为“这一点，这件事”时，用which而不用that引导。 He stole some money，which made his father angry. 他偷了些钱，这让他的爸爸生气了。 (4)先行词为that，those时，引导词用which。 Whats that which was put in the box? 放在盒子里的是什么？,(5)一个句子有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆里借的小说。 3whose引导定语从句，可指代人也可指代物，其在定语从句中作定语。指物时，可与of which互换，指人时，可与of whom互换。 The boy whose father is an engineer is called Tom. 那位他爸爸是工程师的小男孩叫汤姆。,4as引导定语从句的用法 (1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same.as，suchas结构中。 提醒the same.as和the same.that的区别 This is the same pen as I lost.这支笔和我丢的一样(两支)。 This is the same pen that I lost.这就是我丢的那支笔(同一支)。,such.as.引导的定语从句与such.that.引导的状语从句的区别： He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(定语从句) 他是一个如此聪明的每个人都喜欢的男孩。 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.(状语从句) 他是一个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。,(2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常译为：正如。常见句型有： as is known to all，as is reported，as is said，as is announced，as I expect，as we all know等。 As we expected，he got here on time in spite of the heavy rain. 正如我们所预料的，尽管下着大雨，他仍准时到了。,5关系代词as，which的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后；as有“正如/像一样”之意。而which没有。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。 The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect. 天气变得十分晴朗，这大大超出了我们的预料。,(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。 As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 众所周知，月亮每月绕地球转一圈。 后两句属名词性从句范畴。,(3)as引导定语从句时，有“正如，正像”之意；which常译为“这一点，这件事”等。 二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。 1当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? 这是莎士比亚出生的那所房子吗？,Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.最近我买了一个古花瓶，它的价格很合理。 2当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。,提醒在介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的选用和它前面的先行词或它后面的从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关。在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。 This is the pen which Im looking for. 这是我正在找的钢笔。 不可以说：This is the pen for which Im looking.,三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词有where，when，why，在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，常可用“介词which”代替。 1where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the year.竹子在一年四季都温暖潮湿的地方生长得好。 2when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm. 我经常回想起我的童年，那时我住在一个农场里。,3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 There are several reasons why we cant do that.(whyfor which)我们不那样做有好几个理由。 提醒 situation，case，point，stage等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where引导的定语从句。 I think youve got to the point where a change is needed，otherwise youll fail. 我认为你已经到了应该有个改变的地步了，否则你要失败。,四、定语从句的特殊情况 1关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数应由先行词决定。 The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语讲得很流利。 2定语从句有时不紧接在先行词之后，而是中间由一个定语、状语或谓语将其与先行词隔开。 There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand. 他的眼中有一种我无法理解的神情。,3引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词which”来代替。 October 1,1949 was the day on which (when) the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。 4当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词不能拆开。 The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 她照顾的那位病人是她父亲。,5作宾语的关系代词在限制性定语从句中可省略，但在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。 My teacher，whom you talked to，will leave for Shanghai. 刚才和你谈话的那位是我的老师，他要去上海。,.选词填空 that；which；whose；of whom；as 1Tom has an English storybook_cover is very beautiful. 答案： whose 2Who is the person_is standing at the gate? 答案： that,3The factory has 1,000 workers，_200 are men. 答案： of whom 4Fortunately we had a map，without_we could have got lost. 答案： which 5_is reported，a new library will be built here. 答案： As,.用where，when，why或“介词which/whom”完成下列句子 1This is the hero_we are proud. 答案： of whom 2The hotel_he stayed with his father for one night is a fivestar hotel. 答案： where/in which 3That was the pen_he wrote the letter. 答案： with which,4He cant forget the years_they stayed in the countryside. 答案： when/in which/during which 5Great changes have taken place in the school _ _we studied twenty years ago. 答案： where/in which/at which 6Do you know the man _ I shook hands just now? 答案： with whom,7The book_I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist. 答案： from which 8The reason_he left his home was that he wanted to find a good job in the city. 答案： why/for which,.单项填空 1He is a man of rich experience，_much can be learned. Awho Bit Cfrom whom Dfrom which 解析： 先行词为a man of rich experience “有丰富经验的人”，故选C。 答案： C,2The weather turned out to be very good，_was more than we could expect. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 解析： which可代替句子，引导非限制性定语从句，that无此功能；it不作连词，what引导名词性从句。 答案： B,3I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 解析： 先行词为place，从句中缺少状语，故选用表地点的关系副词where。 答案： D,4There is a mountain_the top is always covered with snow. Aof that Bof which Cwhose Dthat 解析： 在定语从句中表示“谁的”有两种情况，若空白处后的名词无冠词，就选用whose，若名词前有冠词就用of which。 答案： B,5_I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting. AWhen BAfter CAs DSince 解析： 句意为：正如我在电话中解释的，你的请求将在下次会议上得到考虑。as引导非限制性定语从句，常出现在主句前面，意为“正如的”。 答案： C,6_，the fine shall be paid in cash. AThat we all know BWe all know CIt is known to us all DAs we all know 解析： 句意为：众所周知，应用现金支付罚款。as引导非限制性定语从句，as代指主句的全部内容。如果用B、C两项，后面不能用逗号，还需加连词that。 答案： D,7The Science Museum，_we visited during a recent trip to Britain，is one of Londons tourist attractions. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere 解析： 考查非限制性定语从句。_we visited during a recent trip to Britain是the Science Museum的定语从句，which指代先行词，在从句中作visit的宾语。 答案： B,8The former South Korean President Roh Moohyun killed himself on May 23，tens of thousands of people flowed to _ hometown to pay respects to him. Ahis Bwhich Cthat Dwhose 解析： 考查定语从句。从句子结构看，hometown前面缺少定语，故排除B和C项；又因为句中没有连词，故只能用关系代词whose，所以选D。 答案： D,9The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill. Awhy；that Bthat；why Cfor that；that Dfor which；what 解析： The reason why.was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，此时that在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。 答案： A,10Finally they arrived at a place_sold cigarettes and other small articles. Awhere Bwhich Cin which Dwhat 解析： 定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。 答案： B,11You can take any seat_is free. Awhich Bwhere Cthat Din which 解析： 句意为：你可以坐任何空座。当先行词被all，little，any等修饰且先行词在定语从句中作表语、主语或宾语时用关系代词that。 答案： C,12Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents_students got injured or killed while in school. Afor which Bin which Cwhich Dwhen 解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：由于经常有学生在学校受伤或死亡的一些报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题。先行词为accidents，由句意知在事故中学生受伤或死亡，因此用in which。 答案： B,13The man _ you are going to make friends is my neighbour. Awith whom Bwho Cwhom Dto whom 解析： 句意为：你打算交朋友的那个人是我的邻居。分析句子成分可知_you are going to make friends为定语从句，先行词为the man，关系词作动词短语make friends with的宾语，故定语从句由with whom引导。 答案： A,14I want to use the same tools_used in your factory. Aas Bwhich Cas is Das are 解析： 句意为：我想使用和你们厂所使用的同样的工具。as引导定语从句时，常与such，the same构成固定搭配。as在此引导定语从句，指代先行词tools，并在从句中作主语，故从句谓语动词为复数形式，故D项正确。 答案： D,15Were just trying to reach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk. Awhere Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 解析： 当point，situation等词作先行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。 答案： A,16(2010陕西卷)The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose 解析： 本题考查whose引导的定语从句，先行词为the old temple，定语从句中只缺定语，所以选whose。 答案： D,17(2010江西卷)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister_she should stay for an hour. Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat 解析： 先行词为center，she would stay for an hour不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表地点用where。 答案： A,18(2010山东卷)Thats the new machine_parts are too small to be seen. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat 解析： 句意为：“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语，故选whose。 答案： C,19(2010湖南卷)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 解析： 该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。 答案： A,20(2010四川卷)After graduation from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_turned out to be a wise decision. Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 解析： 此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句， which代替前边整个句子。 答案： B,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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