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,1reserve n保护区，保护圈；储备(量)，储藏(量) vt.预订；保留；储备 归纳拓展 (1)reserve sth. for sb.为某人保留某物 reserve a room/table/seat预订房间/桌子/座位 reserve the right to do sth.保留做某事的权利 (2)keep sth. in reserve保留备用 without reserve毫无保留地,例句：These seats are reserved for old and sick people. 这些座位是留给老人和病人坐的。 Have you reserved our seats on the plane? 你预订了我们的飞机座位没有？ The money was kept in reserve for their retirement. 他们把这些钱存着以备退休后使用。 She told me all about it without reserve. 她毫不保留地告诉我有关这件事的一切。,【链接训练】 Id prefer to _ my judgement until I know all the facts. Asurvive Bpreserve Csevere Dreserve 【解析】 reserve作及物动词，意为“保留，储备”。句意为：在了解全部事实之前，我不想发表意见。 【答案】 D,So Helen，are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me? Well，I kind of forgot to_，so well have to do French. Aconsult Border Creserve Dconfirm 【解析】 考查动词。答句句意为“我忘了预订了，我们去吃法国风味的饭吧”。reserve“预定(房间、座位等)”。consult“商量，商议”；order“命令，定购”；confirm“确定，批准”。 【答案】 C,2struggle n&v.挣扎，斗争，奋斗 归纳拓展 (1)struggle to do sth.挣扎着干某事 struggle/fight against 与斗争 struggle /fight for 为争取而斗争 struggle/fight with 和一起战斗 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来 (2)carry on a struggle进行斗争 in the struggle against在与的斗争中,例句：He has been struggling for success in his business. 他一直为事业成功而努力奋斗着。 He has been struggling against illness for many years.他与疾病抗争了许多年。 They were struggling to get out of the burning car. 他们挣扎着从燃烧着的车里往外爬。,【链接训练】 I realized strength and courage are not always measured in medals and victories but in the _ we overcome. Asadness Bstruggles Cdiseases Dtiredness 【解析】 句意为：我意识到力量和勇气并不总是用奖牌和胜利来衡量的，而是我们在克服困难中的不断奋斗。struggle“奋斗，斗争”。而A项sadness“悲伤”；C项disease“疾病”；D项tiredness“劳累”，均与题意不符。 【答案】 B,After he was knocked down by a bike，he was badly hurt and had to_to his feet. Astand Bstruggle Crun Dsit 【解析】 考查固定短语struggle to ones feet “挣扎着站起来”。 【答案】 B,3worth /worthy/worthwhile 归纳拓展 (1)worth adj.值钱的，值得的,(3)worthwhile adj.值得花时间/金钱/精力的 It is worthwhile /worth ones while to do /doing sth.值得花时间(精力、钱)去做某事 例句：The book is well worth reading. The book is very worthy of being read. The book is very worthy to be read. It is worth our while to read/reading the book. It is worthwhile to read /reading the book. It is worthwhile for us to read the book. 这本书很值得一读。,【链接训练】 Everything_doing is worthy of_well. Aworthy；being done Bworthy；doing Cworth；being done Dworth；doing 【解析】 空一考查be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”；空二考查be worthy of being done“做是值得的”。句意为：每件值得做的事情都值得做好。 【答案】 C,The Scientific Dictionary is _$ 500.It is really _for you youths. Aworthy；worth to read Bworth；worth reading Cworth；worthy to read Dworthy；worthy of reading 【解析】 考查be worth表示价值的名词，意为“值多少钱”和be worth doing “某事值得做”。 【答案】 B,4spot n(某事发生的)准确地点；现场 v发现，认出；点缀；弄脏 归纳拓展 (1)on the spot 当场，立即；在现场 a scenic (beauty)/historic spot 风景胜地/古迹 weak spot 缺点 (2)spot sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事 spot a mistake 发现错误 be spotted with sth.满是斑点,例句：The Middle East is one of the trouble spots in the world.中东是世界上麻烦频出的地点之一。 An ambulance was on the spot within minutes. 几分钟之内，一辆救护车便赶到现场。 The night sky is spotted with stars. 夜晚的天空繁星点点。 Can you spot the differences between these two pictures？你能不能看出这两幅画有什么不同？,【链接训练】 His collar was _ with ink，so he wanted to have the coat _. Aspotting；washing Bspotted；washed Cspotting；washed Dspotted；washing 【解析】 考查“be spotted with sth.满是斑点”和“have sth.done让/请某人做某事”两个短语。 【答案】 B,5wonder n奇迹，奇观；惊讶，惊奇 v想知道，纳闷，对感到疑惑；对感到惊奇 归纳拓展 (1)(Its) no wonder (that)不足为奇，并不奇怪 Its a wonder (that)令人惊奇的是 wonderif/whether(从句)不知道是否,注意：wonder about意为“对感到疑惑”，wonder at意为“对感到惊奇”，二者意义不同。 例句：Its no wonder youve got a headache when you drank so much last night. 昨晚你喝了这么多酒，难怪你头痛。 Its a wonder you recognized me after all these years.让人惊奇的是这么多年之后你还认得我。 We are wondering about next month for the wedding.我们正考虑着下个月举行婚礼。 I wonder/was wondering if you could post this letter for me.不知你可不可以帮我把这封信寄出去。,【链接训练】 He was born and grew up in a remote mountain village in Shangdong Province. _he speaks English with a Shangdong accent. ANo doubt BNo wonder CNo problem DNo way 【解析】 句意为：他出生并生长在山东省的一个偏远的山村。难怪他说的英语带有一股山东口音。no doubt“毫无疑问”；no wonder“难怪”；no problem“没问题”；no way“没门”。根据句意，选B。 【答案】 B,6focus n集中点，焦点，调焦；兴趣或注意力的中心 vt.&vi.(使)聚焦，(使)集中精力于 归纳拓展 (1)focus ones eyes/energy/mind/attention on sth.把某人的眼神/精力/思想/注意力集中于某物 (2)focus on/upon sth.(某人)把注意力集中于某物 (3)out of focus模糊不清/焦点没有对准的 in focus清晰的/焦点对准的 bring sth.into focus使成为关注的焦点 the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点,例句：We should focus our mind on work. 我们应集中精力工作。 I quickly focused the camera on the person in the middle of the group. 我迅速把照相机的镜头对准人群中央的那个人。 The issue of traffic safety has been brought sharply into focus this week. 交通安全问题本周突然成为人们关注的焦点。,【链接训练】 The action of the play is _ the struggle between the two women. Acentred on Bsituated on Clocated in Dfocused on 【解析】 句意为：这出戏的情节主要集中在这两个女人的斗争上。focus on“集中于”，符合题意。 【答案】 D,1stand for(指缩写或符号)是意思；代表，支持，主张；容忍；忍受(用于否定句) 归纳拓展 stand aside站到一边；让开；袖手旁观 stand by ones words信守诺言 stand up for为辩护 stand up to勇敢地面对；经得起，顶得住 stand in line排队,例句：The letters USA stand for the United States of America.字母USA代表美国。 The teacher wouldnt stand for such behavior. 教师无法容忍这种行为。 She says shes not going to stand for her own children disobeying her. 她说她不容许自己的孩子不服从她。,【链接训练】 Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they _radiation better. Astand up to Bstand up for Cstand in Dstand by 【解析】 句意为：在太空，女人比男人有明显的优势，因为她们需要的食物、氧气较少，承受辐射的能力较强。 stand up to“(人)经得起”。 【答案】 A,2set up建立，建起；设立，设置；创建，开办 归纳拓展 set out启程，动身 set out to do sth.set about doing sth.开始着手干某事 set off出发，动身；使爆炸；引发 set aside留出，省出,例句：They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization. 他们摆脱了全国联盟并成立了自己的地方组织。 Edison set up chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.爱迪生10岁就建立了他自己的化学实验室。 They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们动身踏上最后一段旅程。 Setting aside the question of cost，what do you think of the idea in principle? 把成本问题置于一旁，你认为这个想法总体如何？,【链接训练】 For all these years I have been working for others.Im hoping Ill _ my own business someday. Aturn up Bfix up Cset up Dmake up 【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。表示“创办”企业，用set up。turn up“出现，找到”；fix up“修理，解决”；make up“弥补，虚构”。句意为：这些年以来我一直为别人打工。我希望有朝一日可以创办自己的企业。 【答案】 C,1Although surprised，the poachers had an advantagethere were more of them. 尽管很吃惊，偷猎者有一个优势他们人多。 同类辨析 although，though与as although，though，as 都可引导让步状语从句。 (1)although 较正式，多置于句首，它引导的状语从句只能用自然语序。,(2)though 引导的让步状语从句除了用于自然语序外：从句可置于句首，也可置于句末，也可用于倒装语序。另外 though 还可用作副词置于句末，意思是“然而”。 (3)as 引导让步状语从句，从句必须用倒装语序。其中表语名词提前时不加冠词。谓语动词前置时，从句要加 may，might，can，could，will，would 等情态动词或助动词 do，does，did 等；如果是及物动词，宾语也要随着提前。 注意：让步状语从句的省略：状语从句的主语同主句主语一致或是人称代词it，从句的谓语动词含动词be，可将从句的主语和动词be一起省略。,例句：Although the coat is very dear，I still bought it. 尽管这件上衣非常昂贵，我仍买下了它。 Though/Although she was worn out，she kept on working.尽管她已筋疲力尽，但仍然继续工作。 Young as/though he is，he can read and write in several foreign languages. 他虽然年轻，但能用几门外语阅读和书写。 Try as/though he might，he couldnt lift the stone.尽管他试了，还是搬不动石头。 Although (he is) quite old，he still jogs every day. 他尽管老了，但每天仍坚持慢跑。,She didnt light the fire although (it was) cold. 尽管天气寒冷，但她并没有生火。 【链接训练】 _ most of the earths surface is covered by water，fresh water is very rare and precious. AAs BOnce CIf DAlthough 【解析】 although引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”；as引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，引导让步状语从句需倒装；once“一旦”；if“假设，如果”，都引导条件状语从句，根据句意，选D。 【答案】 D,Unsatisfied_with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. Athough was he Bthough he was Che was though Dwas he though 【解析】 考查倒装句。在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，可以将从句中的表语提前，构成“表语though/as主语”。句意为：虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了学到一些工作经验还是接受了它。 【答案】 B,2But today the government seems to be winning the battle. 但是现在政府好像正要赢得这场战斗。 归纳拓展 seem (to be)adj./n./介词短语/分词 好像；看上去好像 seem like看上去好像 seemto do/to have done/to be doing好像要做/已经做了/正在做 It seems that.好像(用陈述语气),It seems as if/though.看上去好像(从句可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气) There seems to be.好像有 例句：What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.某些人觉得容易的事情，别人可能觉得困难。 Susan seems (to be) a very sensible person. 苏珊像是个非常明智的人。 It seemed like a good idea at the time. 当时这主意好像不错。,I seem to have forgotten your name. 我似乎忘了你的名字。 It seems to me that this is his most important novel. 我觉得这好像是他最重要的小说。 It seems as if everybody else knew except me. 看上去好像除了我之外人人都知道。,【链接训练】 _ he knew nothing about her. AIt seems that BIt seems as if CHe seems that DHe seems as if 【解析】 考查“It seems as if.看上去好像”，从句用虚拟语气的用法。 【答案】 B,定语从句 (1)关系词的指代及其在从句中所作的语法成分 要正确使用关系词，就须将两个方面结合起来考虑：一方面是看看关系词所指代的先行词的类属；另一方面是准确分析关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。若指人，作主语用 who 或 that，作宾语用whom (可以省略)，作定语用 whose (还可指物)；若指物且作主语或宾语，则用 which (在非限制性定语从句中，也可指代一个情形，即主句全部内容；无论作主语还是作宾语，均不可省略)或 that (还能指人，作宾语时，可以省略)；作状语指时间用 when，指地点用 where，指原因用why等。,(2)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 注意： 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用 whom，不可用 who 或 that；关系代词指物时只可用 which，不可用 that；关系代词是所有格时用 whose。 例句：The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.() 刚才和你谈话的那个人是我的邻居。 The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.(),含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词不能提前，如 look for，look after，take care of 等。 例句：This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.()这是我在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.() “介词关系代词”前还可有 some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few 等代词或者数词。 例句：He loves his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him. 他深爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。,(3)when，where 和 why 引导的定语从句 where 用作关系副词引导定语从句时，先行词须是表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。 例句：Have you been to the factory where I worked? 你去过我工作过的工厂吗？ when 用作关系副词引导定语从句时，先行词必须是表时间的名词，在从句中用作时间状语。 例句：It happened on the first day when we began our new term.事情发生在我们新学期开始的第一天。,why 用作关系副词引导定语从句时，先行词只有 reason 和 explanation，在从句中作原因状语。 例句：Do you know the reason why I left early? 你知道我为什么早走吗？,【链接训练】 The science of computer，_ rapid progress has been made in recent years，is the most important of all science. Ato which Bin which Cwith which Dfrom which 【解析】 根据句意，若将先行词 the science of computer 置于定语从句中，即rapid progress has been made in the science of computer.，可知先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应选 in which 来代替 in the science of computer。 【答案】 B,The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _he can walk correctly and safely. Awhen BWhere Cwhich Dwhose 【解析】 先行词为 point，在此意为“阶段，地步，程度”。引导词在从句中作地点状语，所以用 where 引导定语从句。 【答案】 B,We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，most of _ are healthy. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom 【解析】 句意为：我们不应该把钱花在对这么多人的体检上，他们大多数是健康的。此题考查“代词/名词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为people且作of的宾语，故选whom。 【答案】 D,He was educated at the local high school，_ he went on to Beijing University. Aafter which Bafter that Cin which Din that 【解析】 考查“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。句意为：他在地方中学接受教育之后到北京大学就读。which指代“他在地方中学接受教育”这件事，所以要用介词after；而B项中that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为A。 【答案】 A,Loading ,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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