《猪人工授精新技术》PPT课件.ppt

TitleGoesHereOneortwolinesasneeded,猪人工授精新技术（美国南达科达州立大学供稿）,施学仕博士美国大豆协会-国际项目上海代表处,TrainingBoarsforSemenCollection训练公猪进行采精,Selectapersonwhoispatientandenjoysworkingwithanimals.选择一个有耐心并乐于与动物相处的人Begintrainingduringtheisolationprocessbybuildingatrustbetweenyouandtheboar.Spendafewminuteseachdayscratching,rubbingandtalkingwiththeboar.训练开始于隔离过程中，这时要在操作者和公猪之间建立信任，每天花几分钟对公猪抓痒、擦拭和“对话”Boarsvaryintheirrateofsexualdevelopment.Some7mooldboarsarereadytobetrainedandothersrequire4-6wkslonger.不同公猪的性成熟速度各异，有些7月龄的公猪就可投入训练，而另一些可能要晚46周才行。,TrainingBoars(cont)公猪训练(续),Provideaclean,dry,welllightedareafreeofdistractions.Abreedingmathelpsprovidefooting.Aboarthatslipsduringmountingmaybeshyaboutattemptingitagain.训练场地应该清洁、干燥、光照良好且无干扰。地上铺上一个防滑垫可有助于公猪站稳，公猪在爬跨时滑倒会羞于再次爬跨。Keeptheareaabout8x10ft,sothattheboarisfocused.训练区域大小应在810英尺左右，以便公猪能够集中精力。Ifpossible,collectapreviouslytrainedboarfirst.Theodorandsoundmaystimulatethe“rookie”ifheislocatednexttothecollectionarea.如有可能,先对先前接受了训练的公猪采精。令新公猪站在近旁,采精时的气味和声响会对新公猪产生刺激,Adjustthedummysothatitisequaltoorslightlylowerthantheboarbeingtrained.调整假母猪的高度，使其等于或略高于训练公猪的高度。Planforshorttrainingsessions(15-20min).Someboarsmaymountthedummyimmediatelybutothersmaywanttoexplorethepenanddummyforseveralsession.每次训练时间应该短些(1520分钟)。有些公猪会立即爬跨假母猪，而有些公猪在开始几次训练中只是探究猪圈和假母猪。,TrainingBoars(cont)公猪训练(续),Someboarsrequirecoaxing.Crouchdownnearthedummy,allowtheboartosmellyourhandandclothesandtalkinareassuringtone.Trypouringsemenfromapreviouscollectiononthedummy.对有些公猪需要哄骗。要在假母猪旁边蹲下，让公猪嗅闻你的手和衣服，采用使公猪安定的声调召唤公猪。Keeptheboarfocusedonthedummy.Ifneeded,usewingedgatestokeephiminfrontofthedummy.要使公猪集中关注假母猪。需要时可用wingedgate使公猪呆在假母猪的前面。,TrainingBoars(cont)公猪训练(续),NewTechnologies新技术,Boarsemenextenders公猪精液稀释剂Intra-uterineInsemination子宫内输精Sexingofboarsemen公猪精液性别化Cloningandembryotransfer克隆和胚胎移植,Reasonsfordevelopingnewlong-termboarsemenextenders研制长效公猪精液稀释剂的原因,Morefavorableworkhoursinboarstud增加人工授精站的有效工时Reductionoreliminationofweekendcollections减少或避免周末采精Reducedtransportationcostofsemen降低精液运输成本TestingofsemenforPRRSbeforeshipping/usingsemen可在精液运输/应用之前测试其是否受到猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒污染Longerstoragelifeof延长精液储存时间Fewerdiscardsatthefarm减少猪场中精液浪费,NewLong-TermExtenders新的长效稀释剂,Non-publishedformula未发表配方AndrohepEnduraGuardAndrohepEnduraGuardShelf-lifeis9days有效期9天Antibiotics抗生素SafeCellPlusSafeCellPlusShelf-lifeis9days有效期9天Liquidconcentratedextender液态浓缩稀释剂Specificblendofantibiotics与抗生素混合MulberryIIIMulberryIIIShelf-lifeis7to14days有效期714天Antibiotic抗生素,Intra-uterineInsemination子宫内输精,Intra-uterine“body”insemination(IUBI)子宫内输精(子宫体内输精)Deepintra-uterine“horn”insemination(DIUHI)深部子宫内输精(子宫角内输精),Suggestedbeneficialaspectsofintra-uterinebodyAI:子宫体内输精的好处,Lessback-flow减少精液回流Fewerspermcellsperdose可减少每次输精的精子数Smallervolumerequired可减少每次输精的精液量Lesstimeneededtoinseminate可减少每次输精花费的时间Lessboarswillbeneededtoproducespermcells公猪的头数Geneticcostwillbelower?可降低种猪成本？,PercentageofsowsinseminatedthathavebackflowwithtraditionalAI传统输精法的精液回流情况,Steverniketal.,AnimalReproductionScience54:109-119,1998.,Proportionoftotalvolume(80mL)thatwaslostduringandaftertraditionalAi传统输精法总输精量80毫升中输精中和输精后的损失比例,Steverniketal.,AnimalReproductionScience54:109-119,1998.,8inches,Uterinebody,Goldenpig,DeepGoldenpig,IMVInternational,子宫体,深部Goldenpig输精管,Goldenpig输精管,8英寸(20.32毫米),Uterusishostiletosperm,Traditionalplacementofspermcells传统方法输精法将精子置于此处,Intra-uterinebodyplacementofspermcells,Phagocytosis细胞吞噬作用MassiveinfluxofpolymorphonuclearLeucocytesat30minutesto3hoursafterspermatozoaenteruterinehorn精子进入子宫角后30分钟到3小时，多形核白细胞大量出现,子宫不利于精子生存,新方法将精子置于子宫体内,DeepIntra-uterineHornInsemination深部子宫角内输精,Surgicalprocedure外科手术法Notpracticalforcommercialuse不适合用于商业目的Fiberopticendoscope光纤内镜Notpracticalforcommercialuse不适合用于商业目的Flexiblecatheter柔软导管Usedonnon-sedatedestroussows用于非呆立发情的母猪Practicalforcommercialuse适合用于商业目的,FirFlexCatheter(PatentedbyUniversityofMurcia)FirFlex输精管(专利权Murcia大学),MarketedinEuropebyMAGAPOR(Spain,Portugal,Hungary)由MAGAPOR公司在欧洲销售(西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利),DeepIntra-uterine“Horn”ArtificialInsemination深部子宫角内输精,DNAdifferencesbetweenX-&Y-chromosome-bearingspermatozoaX精子和Y精子之间的差异,Vole田鼠12.5%Chinchilla南美栗鼠7.5%Sheep绵羊4.2%Dog狗3.9%Cattle牛3.8%Elk麋鹿3.8%Horse马3.7%,Pigs猪3.6%Elephant象3.4%Camel骆驼3.3%Rabbit兔3.0%Human人2.8%Possum负鼠2.3%Turkey火鸡0.0%,L.A.Johnson.AnimalReproductionScience60-61:93-107,2000.L.A.Johnson.Reproduction,Fertility,andDevelopment7:893-903,1995.,Currentproblemswithsexingboarsemen:公猪精液性别化中的问题,Sortingprocessistooslow性别鉴定过程太慢6millionperhourforX每小时6百万个X精子6millionperhourforY每小时6百万个Y精子11millionperhourwhensortingforonlyX仅仅选择X精子可达每小时1100万Decreasedreproductiveperformance降低繁殖性能,Stimulating/PrimingUterus刺激/敏化子宫,Addingoxytocintoeachdoseofsemen在每份精液中加入催产素Addingprostaglandintoeachdoseofsemen在每份精液中加入前列腺素“Inserting”MR-APredilpriortoinsemination输精前加入人工合成的精浆制品MR-APredilMatinggiltswithsterileboar用不育的公猪与小母猪交配Inseminatinggiltswithdeadsemen用死精给小母猪输精,Farrowingrateandnumberofpigletsbornaliveperlitterwhenoxytocinwasinjectedpriortoinseminatingwith“old”spermcells.用老精子输精前注射催产素时母猪的分娩率和窝产仔数,ab(P.05),W.L.Flowers,NSCU,(BTSsemenextenderBTS精液稀释剂),AddingLutalysetoadoseofsemenincreasedfarrowingrateandlittersize在精液中加入律胎素可提高分娩率和窝产仔数,.5to1.0mLLutalyse(PGF2a)perdoseofsemen每份精液加入0.51.0毫升律胎素(PGF2a，前列腺素),MR-APredilincreasedfarrowingrateandlittersizeofgiltsSummaryofthreestudies合成精浆MR-APredil可提高分小母猪的娩率和窝产仔数(三个研究综述),Matinggiltsatpubertywithavasectomizedboarincreasedfarrowingrate用输精管切除的公猪与初情期小母猪交配可提高分娩率,Note:Giltswerematedtofertileboaratsecondestrus.用第二情期小母猪与有生育力公猪交配,Matinggiltsatpubertywithavasectomizedboarincreasedlittersize用输精管切除的公猪与初情期小母猪交配可提高窝产仔数,Note:Giltswerematedtofertileboaratsecondestrus.用第二情期小母猪与有生育力公猪交配,PregnancyDiagnosis妊娠诊断,Bloodtests(23to30days)验血(2330天)Progesterone(RIAprocedure)孕酮(放射免疫法)Estronesulphate硫酸雌酮Estroneglucuronide葡(萄)糖苷酸雌酮Estradiolglucuronide葡(萄)糖苷酸雌二醇Fecaltests(20to21days)粪检(2021天)Progesterone(RIAprocedure)孕酮(放射免疫法)Estrone(ELISAprocedure)雌酮(ELISA)法Urinetests(23to30days)尿检(2330天)Conjugatedestrone(RIA)共轭雌酮(放射免疫法)Estronesulphate(immunoenzymatic)硫酸雌酮(免疫酶法)Ultra-soundtechniques超声波技术,SynchronizationofEstrus同期发情,PGF2acanbeeffectiveinshorteningthelutealphaseafterd12oftheestrouscycle.Usually2i.m.injectionsof10mg/ea12hapart.前列腺素PGF2a可有效缩短发情周期12天后的黄体期。通常注射二次，每次10毫克，肌肉注射；二次注射间隔12小时Matrixaprogestagen?(altrenogest)fedtocyclingsowsandgiltsat15mg/dfor14d.Uponremovalofmatrix,estrusoccurs6dayslater.Costs$1.50/h/d.孕激素(烯丙孕素，为人工合成的孕激素)饲喂给发情的母猪和小母猪，每天喂15毫克，喂14天。停喂后6天即发情。每天每头1.50美元WeaningWeanedsowsexhibitestrusbyd3-7afterweaning.ThismaybecombinedwithadministrationofPG600($5.00/dose).断奶断奶母猪会在断奶后37天发情。可在断奶的同时应用PG600(每剂5.00美元),