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非谓语动词中考考查重点讲解,区七中吕庆江,动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。eg.Iworkinafactory.当句中有谓语动词时，如在需要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，非谓语动词重要包括：动词不定式（todo)、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）,Eg.1)Idecidetoworkinafactory.,2)Ienjoyworkinginafactory.,3)Heisthemanworkinginafactory.,4)Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.,一、动词不定式,1、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it做形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末.其结构是Its+adj.+of/forsb+todo.Eg.TolearnEnglishwellisuseful,Itsusefultolearnwell.,注意：此时用of还是用for关键是看形容词形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用for,反之如形容人的性格特征的用of,1）Itsverykind_youtohelpme.2）Itsnecessary_ustomasteraforeignlanguage.Itsnice_youtoinviteus.Itsinteresting_ustoplayfootball.,of,for,of,for,2、不定式做宾语1）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如:want,decide,hope,agree,wish,need,promise,wouldlike,plan等。,eg.Wehope_(see)thefilm.Wouldyoulike_(go)withus?,tosee,togo,2)在find,think后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。,Eg.Ifind_necessry_(master)aforeignlanguage.,tosee,it,tomaster,3）常见的一些用不带to的动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有：Whynotdo-,hadbetter(not)do,wouldratherdo-thando,could/wouldyoupleasedoEg.Iwoulrather_(stay)athomethan_(go)out.,stay,go,3.不定式做宾补,1)不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，常见的动词有tell,ask,want,allow,get,invite,encourage等。否定形式在todo前加not,Mymotheroftenencourageme_(study)hard.Wedontallowpeople_(smoke)here.Thestudentsareoftentold_(notgive)up.Heaskedme_(notdrive)here.,tostudy,tosmoke,nottogive,nottodrive,2)使让动词和感官动词用省略to的不定式做宾补,Eg.1.Thebossmadetheworkers_(work)foranother2hours.2.Isawlucy_(go)outjustnow.,work,go,4、不定式做定语，放在被修饰词后，一般并与被修饰词间有动宾关系,Eg.Wouldyoulikesomething_(eat)?Thereisnothing_(worry)about.Haveyougotanythingelse_(say)Heisoftenthefirstone_(get)here.,toeat,toworry,tosay,toget,注意：此时变为被动语态必须将to加上.如：Lucywasseentogooutjustnow.,5.不定式放在疑问词what,where,whichhow之后，此时相当于一个宾语从句,Eg.Idontknowwhat_(do)tomorrow.=Idontknow_tomorrow.Hedidntknowwhere_(go)fortheholiday.Hedidntknowwhere_fortheholiday.Iwonderhow_(处理）itnext.Iwonderhow_itnext.,Ishoulddealwith,togo,WhatIshoulddo,todealwith,hewouldgo,togo,二、动名词,1.动名词做主语，此时谓语动词用单数Eg._(collect)stamps_(be)myfavorite.,Collecting,is,2.动名词做动词或介词的宾语。此类动词有keep,enjoy,preferto,mind,canthelp,finish,feellike,practise,Wouldyoumind_(smoke)here?Knivesareusedfor_(cut)things.,smoking,cutting,1.做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。,三、分词。分词分为现在分词（动词+ing)和过去分词两种，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表被动、完成。,1）Thisisa_(read)room.2)His_(speak)Englishisverygood.3)Doyouknowtheman_(stand)underthetree.4)Thewomanswepttheleaves_(fall)ontheground.,fallen,standing,spoken,reading,2.现在分词作状语，表伴随,Eg.Thestudentswentoutoftheclass,_(talk)and_(laugh),talking,laughing,3.分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），过去分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。,Eg.Dontkeepus_(wait)forsolong.Shespeaksloudlytomakeherself_(hear).Iheardher_(sing)inthenextroomwhenIpassedby.Wehavetomakeourhair_(cut),waiting,heard,singing,cut,四、注意区分：,1、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语,：无差别begin,start,Letsbegin_(have)anEnglishclass.,tohave/having,：有一定差别like,love,hateDoing表示爱好，todo表示具体动作。如：Ilike_(swim)alot,butthiseveningIlove_(go)skating.,swimming,togo,C：差别很大,Shetriedacomposition.,她试着写作文。,writing,她设法（尽力）打电话给你。,Shetriedyou.,tocall,Irememberthedoorjustnow.,我记得我刚才开了门。,opening,Pleaserememberthedoorafterwork.,toclose,请记住下班后关门。,Iforgothimthenews.,我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。,Iforgothimthenews.,totell,我忘记了告诉他这个消息。,telling,Test,一、选择,1.Hehaspromisedbetterlatter.A.behavingB.behaveC.tobehave2.Hehatedher.A.troubleB.totroublingC.totrouble3.Hestoppedwhentheteachercamein.A.totalkB.talkingC.talked4.Ihavefinishedtheroom.A.cleanB.toreaditC.cleaning5.Igiveyouabook.A.toreadB.toreaditC.readingit6.Thereisnothingforus.A.toworryB.toworryaboutC.worryingabout,C,C,B,C,A,B,二、改错,1.Onedayacatholdamouseandwantedeatingit.2.Ienjoylisteningforeignmusic.3.Theworkersweremadeworkdayandnight.4.Pleaseletmetogetoutofthisdirtyplace.,(toeat),(to),(to),5.Atlastheagreedstayhere.6.Aftertheygottothetopofthemountain,theystoppedhavingarest.7.ShewouldlikestayingathomeonSundays.8.Itoldtheboydonttotiethedogunderthetree.,(to),(tohave),(tostay),(not),2.动词不定时做宾补与现在分词做宾补,感官动词既可以跟不带to的不定式做宾补也可以跟现在分词做宾补，用不定式做宾补表示的动作经常做或做了，跟现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行。,1）Isawher_(play)basketballwhenImether.2)Ioftensawher_(play)basketballlastweek.3)Iheardlucy_(go)downstairsand_(go)out.,playing,play,go,go,3.need,wantrequire+todo与doing,Mybikeneeds_(repair),andIwant_(repair)it.,repairing,torepair,Todo表示被动，与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，doing表示主动，与主语有逻辑上的主谓关系,4.ing与-ed,如：interesting与interested；exciting与excited等的区别。如：Imvery_(surprise)atthe_(surprise)matter.,surprised,surprising,5、注意介词to在短语中的应用+doingmakeacontributionto(为做-做贡献），payattentionto（注意做-），lookforwardto(盼望做-），prefer-to-(喜欢-而不喜欢），beusedto(习惯于做-）,ThankYou!,
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