高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练7

山西襄垣县2017高考英语（一轮）阅读理解训练阅读理解。“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.( ) 1. According to the text, James March is _. A. a poet who uses experience in his writingB. a teacher who teachers story writing in universityC. a researcher who studies the way humans think and actD. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions( ) 2. According to James March, experience _. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explainC. should be actively sought D. should be inactively sought( ) 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Experience makes stories more accurate.B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.( ) 4.Whats the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.【答案与解析】【要点综述】文章介绍了James March所著的一本名为The Ambiguities of Experience书。本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。1C 细节理解题。根据首段“For years March ( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act,”可知。2A 推理判断题。根据首段第一句及第2段“The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），.”可得知March认为人们高估了经验的作用。3B细节理解题。根据第3段“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”可判断正确答案为B。4A 推理判断题。此题判断作者的写作意图。从首段最末一句“he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.”及末段“Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons.”可推断出本文是介绍March所著的这本书。 【2014高考训练】 Shirley Femple Black，who was one of the most famous child stars of the 20th century，died of natural causes on February 10，2014 The dimpled(酒涡)actress found fame at the height of the Great Depression (1929-1933)in movies including “Heidi，”“Curly Top”and“Bright Eyes”。 Born in Santa Monica，Calif，on April 27，1928，Temple Black was admitted into a dance school at the age of threeAfter a number of bit parts she got all the attention with her performance of “Baby Take a Bow” in her first feature film“Stand Up and Cheer”Audiences around the world poured to see her in films such as“Curly Top”“The Little Colonel”and“The Littlest Rebel”Licensed merchandise(商品)including dolls，dishes，and clothing also capitalized on her wholesome image Femple Black was the top box-office draw for four years in a row between 1935 and 1938She won a special Academy Award in early 1935 for her“outstanding contribution to screen entertainment”in the previous year At the height of her fame，Temple Black earned praise from President Franklin DRoosevelt who called her“Little Miss Miracle” for raising the publics spirit during times of economic hardship,even going so far as to say that，“as long as our country has Shirley Temple，we will be all right” However,the stars popularity waned in her late teensShe married Charles Black in 1950，a marriage that lasted until his death in 2005 at age 86 In 1988，Temple Black became the first person to achieve the rank of honorary Foreign Service officer of the United States and a year later she took up tile post of ambassador to Czechoslovakia，where she served until 1992 In 1 999，the American Film Institute ranking of tile top 50 screen legends ranked Temple at No18 among the 25 actresses “I have one piece of advice for those of you who want to receive the lifetime achievement awardStart early，”she remarked humorously in 2006 as she was honored by the Screen Actors Guild51From the passage we know that Shirley Temple_Aowned different licensed merchandiseBwas born during the Great DepressionCdied peacefully without any serious diseaseDgained fame for many bit parts52Shirley Temple attracted peoples attention in the film_ABright Eyes BCurly TopCThe Little Colonel DStand Up and Cheer53We can infer from the passage that_AShirley inspired the American people during the Great DepressionBShirleys popularity decreased after she became an ambassadorCShirley began her acting career from the age of threeDShirleys marriage didnt last long54Which of the following is true according to the passage?APresident Roosevelt praised Temple for her contributions to the worldBTemple once served as US ambassadolto CzechoslovakiaCTemple was ranked at No25 among the most famous actressesDThe marriage of Charles Black and Temple lasted 50 years55According to the passage，we can see Shirley Temple was_Aunusual and cautious Bdaring and humorousCcareful and confident Dtalented and outstanding【参考答案】51-55 CDABD 【语篇导读】20世纪最著名的童星秀兰邓波儿布莱克与世长辞。她是美国历史上第一位女礼宾司司长；邓波儿以其童星时期的成就，被美国电影学会誉为排名第18位的百年来最伟大的女演员。51. C 考查对短文具体信息的理解。由文中第一段可知：秀兰邓波儿布莱克溘然辞世，属自然死亡。因此，最佳答案为C。52. D 考查对短文细节的理解。从文章第三段“After she got all the attention first feature film, Stand Up and Cheer.”可得出正确答案。53. A 根据细节信息进行推断。根据第五段“At the height raising the publics spirit during ”可知：邓波儿受到了罗斯福总统的表彰，因为她在经济大萧条时期振奋了大众的精神。54. B 考查对短文多个信息的理解。由倒数第三段“ she took up the post until 1992.”可以得出结论。55. D 根据细节信息作综合判断。综合全文的细节信息可知：秀兰邓波儿具有非凡的表演天赋，她一生取得了非凡的成就，对电影娱乐事业做出了突出的贡献。因此，最佳答案为D。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东珠海市高三上期末质量监测】Anger is good for you as long as you control it properly，according to new psychology researchA new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help you become healthier“Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger，”said Jennifer Lerner of Carnegie Mellon“The more people display anger，the lower their stress responsesLerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6，200They must say out loud every thirteenth numberResearchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask them other questionsIf they made any mistakes，they had to restart from the very beginningMany students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry because the researchers were interrupting them.Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the testThe researchers describe their reactions as fear，anger and disgustOther researchers recorded the students blood pressure，pulse and production of a highstress hormone（荷尔蒙）called cortis01People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormoneBoth can have lasting effects such as diabetes（糖尿病），heart disease，depression and extra weight gainWhen people feel fear，negative impacts increase, but when they get angry，those negatives go down，according to the study “Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is a maddening situation，”Lerner saidLerner previously studied Americans emotional response to the 911 terrorist attacks two months after the incidentShe found people who reacted with anger were more optimisticThese people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the eventSo in maddening situations，anger is not a bad thing to haveIts a healthier response than fear36Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?AIts better to be angry than to be frightened in maddening situationsBDifferent reactions reflect different outlooks on lifeCDont control your anger and it makes you powerfulDPessimistic people are generally healthier than optimistic people【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据She found people who reacted with anger were more optimisticThese people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event生气比害怕对于健康来说要好的多，故选A。37What does the underlined word “both” in the fifth paragraph refer to according to the passage?AFear and angerBBlood pressure and pulseCBlood pressure and cortisoneDHigher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone可知这里指的是高血压和高的荷尔蒙的，故选D。 38The researchers made the experimented students angry by _Arecording their performance secretlyBasking them to count to 6,200 again and againCdisturbing them and making them start ail over againDcriticizing them when they made mistakes【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry because the researchers were interrupting them.通过打扰他们使他们生气，故选C。39In what ways can anger be beneficial to people?ABy showing their optimistic sideBBy reducing their stressCBy reducing high blood pressureDBy taking the place of fear【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help you become healthier可以减少压力，故选B。40 What is this passage Mainly about?AThe findings of new psychology researchBWhat you can do with anger in certain casesCDifferent effects produced by anger and fearDHealthier responses in maddening situations【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger可知这是一下短文主要叙述的是新的研究发现生气能够减轻人们的压力而使身体更加健康，故选A。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东珠海市高三上期末质量监测】Once again, rumors are spreadingJudgement Day, this time, is set to happen on December 21st, 2012The date originated from the Mayan calendar, but actually gained popularity through the hit movie, 2012How will the world end? And how do we know the exact date? There are many theories: A meteoroid from outer space; a solar storm; a shift in the earths poles; bla bla blaThey all supposedly pointed to the date of December 21st, 2012Unfortunately, none of it is trueZhu Jin, director of Beijing Planetarium, said, For earth itself, the end will be billions of years away from nowAnd for us humans, there is a very small chance that we may be affected by some astronomical factorsHowever, we dont have the ability to foresee such events so farSo when someone tells you the world is going to end on an exact date, it must be fakeBut the truth hasnt stopped people from believingIn the sci-fi movie 2012, the director imagined the end of the world based on the Mayan calendarThe film earned nearly 770 million US dollars worldwide. Ning Hong, Hebei Province, saidThe movie 2012 did get one thing rightThere are arks eing made in China, But theyre not being built secretly inside the mountainsThey are constructed here in the courtyard of a factoryIn April, Liu Qiyuan quit his furniture business and devoted himself to developing these huge round ballsHe doesnt believe the end is near, but he wants to be prepared just in caseLiu Qiyuan, the Ark builder, said, The concept originated twenty years agoThe Tangshan earthquake had flattened our house, so I wanted to build a shelter that wouldnt fallThen in 2004, I saw the tsunami in Indonesia that killed so many peopleThen I realized it should be something that could withstand the earthquake and float on waterLiu is hoping to use his invention as a life boat on the seaHes planning to test his product on the water next year It turns out that rumour, though false, is good for businessDoomsday discounts and products are hot on many online storesWhile its surely attracted attention, many complain that it misleads consumersTheir purpose is to promote productsIf they believe the world is going to endwho would buy things? Money would be useless, too41The purpose of the movie 2012 was .Ato popularize scientific knowledge for the viewersBto make a profit from the viewersC to tell the viewers an interesting factual storyDto warn the viewers of a disastrous event【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据The film earned nearly 770 million US dollars worldwide.可知电影赢得了很大的收益，故选B。42The word fake in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to Aa joke Ba lie Cuntrue Dterrifying【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据none of it is true，2012年是世界末日是假的，故选C。43Liu Qiyuan quit his job and built his ark because _Ahe believed that the world was going to end on Dec21,2012Bhe was tired of making money from his furniture businessChe was almost killed in Indonesia in 2004Dhe wanted to make preparations for destructive natural disasters【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据The Tangshan earthquake had flattened our house, so I wanted to build a shelter that wouldnt fallThen in 2004, I saw the tsunami in Indonesia that killed so many peopleThen I realized it should be something that could withstand the earthquake and float on water这是为了抵御大的自然灾害，故选D。44Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?ARuinous were created by businessmen to promote their productsBThe movie 2012 was very popular and a great many people watched itCOne theory said that the earth was to shift its two poles on Dec21,2012DLiu Qiyuans ark was intended to survive earthquakes and terrible floods【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据The date originated from the Mayan calendar 及It turns out that rumour, though false, is good for business根据玛雅文化推出来的并非是生意人的谣言，但是受益的人却是生意人。故选A。45We can infer from the passage that _ATune and time again people spread rumours about the worlds end for one reason or anotherBThe Mayas prediction about the worlds end has failedCIn the movie 2012 big arks were built secretly inside the mountainsDLiu Qiyuan was bom before 1976 and is at least 36 years old【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。theyre not being built secretly inside the mountainsThey are constructed here in the courtyard of a factory电影中的方舟是在山里秘密进行制造的，故选C。