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第四讲名词性从句1(2016江苏高考，21)It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.AwhyBwhatCasDthatD考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。It is often the case that.可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下”。2(2015江苏高考，25)_ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.AThatBWhyCWhereDHowC考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语，where Li Bai.was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。3(2014江苏高考，26)What a mess！You are always so lazy!Im not to blame，mum.I am _ you have made me.AhowBwhatCthatDwhoB考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。类似的例子还有：He is no longer what (the one/person that)he used to be.。what在此类句子中意为“的，具有特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that。4(2016北京高考，24)Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.AHoweverBWhoeverCWhateverDWhereverC考查主语从句。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么(whatever)，都会对我们有帮助。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，所以C项whatever“无论什么”符合语境。however“无论多么”和wherever“无论在哪里”是关系副词，在句中作状语，可排除A、D两项；whoever“无论是谁，不管是谁”，不能作do的宾语，B项也可排除。5(2016北京高考，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.AwhatBthatCwhetherDwhyB考查表语从句。句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导，所以选B项。6(2016天津高考，11)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.AwhetherBthatCwhichDwhatB考查同位语从句。句意：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that。 【导学号：57732006】7(2015安徽高考，25)A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not_ships are built for.AwhatBwhomCwhyDwhenA考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。8(2015浙江高考，6)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate_is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.AwhatBwhoCthatDwhoeverA考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：如果你在河里或者湖里游泳，一定要弄清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或者树枝藏在水里。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序。一、名词性从句的引导词引导词用法连词that，whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether连接代词what，who，whom，which，whatever，whoever，whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等在从句中作状语The trouble is that we are short of money.He hasnt decided whether he will go there.Do you know who has got the first prize?What we need is more practice.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.When he will go abroad hasnt been decided yet.No one knew why he made such a mistake.二、名词性从句的类别1主语从句(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句谓语动词其他That he passed the driving test made us very happy.Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：Itbeadj.that从句；Itbe名词(词组)that从句；Itbe过去分词that从句；Itseem(appear，happen等不及物动词)that从句It is certain that you will pass the College Entrance Examination.It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.2表语从句(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语系动词表语从句The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。I think its because youre careless.He was ill.Thats why he was absent.(3)The reason why从句bethat从句The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.(4)What从句bethat从句What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句It looks as if it is going to rain.3宾语从句(1)主语及物动词宾语从句主语动词介词宾语从句He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等。I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等。I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we。I dont think your answers are right.I dont believe she will attend the meeting.4同位语从句(1)跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明。常见的名词有fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等。The fact that she is good at English makes her the right person for the job.I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.(2)同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。Word came that our team had won the game.三、whatever，whoever，whichever的用法whever引导名词性从句表示泛指，含有“任何”之意，有时也表示疑问；而what，who，which则表示特指意义。Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.I believe whatever he told me.I believe what he told me.I dont know however he got the secret.1(2016南京调研)Remember to read about any taboos related to clothing，especially if you plan to visit _are considered holy.AwhichBwhereCwhatDthatC句意：记得要去阅读任何有关服装的禁忌，特别是如果你计划去游览那些被认为是神圣的地方。分析句子成分可知，动词visit后面为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，谓语动词are considered前面缺少主语，结合句意可知what符合题意。2(2016南通、连云港二模)Now all of our concentration is on_it is that the global environment will return to normal.AwhichBwhatCwhereDwhenD考查宾语从句。句意：现在我们所关注的是全球环境何时能恢复到正常。on之后是宾语从句，从句不缺主语或宾语，而是缺少时间状语，用when，故选D项。此处when在强调结构中作被强调部分。3(2016扬州一模)A recent survey shows that the question_New Years Eve should be included in the threeday New Years holiday sparked heated discussion among Internet users.AthatBwhetherChowDwhereB考查同位语从句。句意：最近的一项调查显示除夕是否该包括在新年三天假期中这个问题在网民中引发了激烈的讨论。question后为同位语从句，补充说明question的具体内容，whether符合题意。故选B项。4(2016南京三模)How did it come about_a quiet person should appear so wild today?AwhetherBthatCifDwhatB考查名词性从句。句意：一个沉默寡言的人今天竟然如此野蛮，这是怎么回事啊？ it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，从句结构和意义完整。故选B项。5(2016泰州二模)How do you find the new cellphone?Oh，quite good.A new function has been developed on this new type_it can show you vividly what is around the person you are talking to.AhowBwhichCwhatDthatD考查同位语从句。句意：你觉得这款新手机怎么样？哦，很好。在这款新手机上开发了一个新功能，能把正在跟你通话的人周边的环境生动地展现给你。从句意思、结构完整，应用that引导同位语从句来补充说明a new function的具体内容。故选D项。6(2016常州二模)The single most shattering statistic about life in America in the late 1990s was _tobacco killed more people than the combined total of those who died from AIDS，car accidents，alcohol，murder，suicide，illegal drugs and fire.AwhatBwhenCthatDwhereC考查名词性从句。句意：在20世纪90年代后期，在美国有一项关于生命的最令人震惊的统计是死于烟草的人数超过了死于艾滋病、车祸、酗酒、谋杀、自杀、非法毒品和火灾的总人数。was后是表语从句，从句是一个完整的句子，因此直接用that来引导。故选C项。 【导学号：57732007】7(2016苏、锡、常、镇二模)She is_is known as a nosy personshe is always dying to know whats going on in others lives.AwhatBwhoCwhomDthatA考查表语从句。句意：她是为人们所知的那种爱管闲事的人她总是渴望知道其他人的生活中正在发生什么。_ is known as a nosy person为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除C项；that在名词性从句中没有意义，也没有句法功能，只能起引导作用，排除D项；此处谈论的是她的个性、性格，而不是指她是谁，排除B项。故选A项。8(2016苏、锡、常、镇一模)Having a good command of the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary，because language skills affect_you perform academically.AhowBthatCwhatDwhenA考查宾语从句。句意：精通你将去的那个国家的语言是必要的，因为语言技能会对你在学术上如何表现产生影响。affect后为宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语。故选A项。9(2016盐城第一学期期中考试)A competent teacher is perfectly aware that its not what is poured into a student that counts，but_ is planted.AwhatBthatCwhyDhowA句意：一位称职的老师十分清楚，重要的不是要向学生灌输知识，而是要让知识在学生的脑子里扎根。分析句子成分可知，本题考查主语从句。谓语is planted前面缺少主语，故what符合题意。10(2016镇江第一学期期中考试)Many developers use Google Maps to show app users their locations and_close they are to their friends and restaurants.AwhatBwhenChowDwhereC句意：很多软件开发商通过谷歌地图向使用其应用程序的用户显示后者在地图上的位置以及他们与朋友和餐馆的距离。分析句子成分可知，横线后面的句子是show的宾语从句。根据句意可知how符合题意。11(2016苏北四市摸底)Its difficult for corrupt officials to hide abroad nowadays.Thats it！The Chinese government will do _ it takes to get them back.AwhateverBwhoeverCwhicheverDwhereverA答句句意：是这样的！中国政府将采取一切措施让他们回来。whatever引导宾语从句，作will do的宾语，whatever在从句中作takes的宾语，即在it takes.to do sth.这个固定句式中作宾语。12(2016南京、盐城一模)After investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhoseC句意：调查后，警察发现了一个线索：那天有人听到了从某个非常遥远的地方传来的求救声。分析句子成分可知，one clue的后面为同位语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意。13(2016南通第一次调研)Many netizens are impressed with the excuse given by a teacher for quitting her job _ she owes the world a visit.AbecauseBthatCwhereDwhyB句意：一位女老师的辞职理由是“世界这么大，我想去看看”，这给很多网民留下了深刻的印象。分析句子成分可知，本题为修饰excuse的同位语从句。同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意。14(2016苏州第一学期期末考试)As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man，“The highest possible stage in moral culture is _ we recognize that we ought to control our minds.”AthatBhowCwhereDwhenD句意：正如查尔斯达尔文在人类的由来中所写的那样，“人类在道德文化方面最高级的阶段，就是当我们认识到应当用理智控制思想时。”分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句。根据上文的stage意为“阶段，时期”可知，从句中缺少状语。结合句意可知when符合题意。15Massive open online courses provide a wonderful model of _ we call hightech learning，which helps students have access to webbased resources.AwhichBwhyCwhatDhowC考查宾语从句。句意：大量开放性的在线课程提供了一个非常棒的我们称之为高科技学习的模式，这帮助学生们有机会利用网络资源。of后是宾语从句，从句中call后缺少宾语，应用what作call的宾语，故选C项。8
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