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模3单元1词组模3单元2单词1. make up 虚构，编造；构成；弥补；化妆；和解 be made up of=consist of 由组成 Five people make up the team and the team is made up of five people. be made from由.制成（看不出原材料） be made of 由.制成（看得出原材料）be made into 被制成 Wine is made from grapes and grapes are made into wine.2. occupy vt.占（时间，空间，场所）；（军队）占领 occupy a lot of place be occupied with/in.= occupy oneself with/in.从事于.,忙于. occupation n.3. aside from. name after.4.contribute v. 捐助，捐献，捐赠；贡献；导致，促成 contribution n. make contributions to.5. office n. 办公室，公司，事务所；官职，职务 officer n. 军官，警官 official n.官员，公务员 adj.官方的，正式的，公务上的 officially adv.正式地 official-looking adj. 貌似官方的6. control的用法见模2单元37. lead to = result in= contribute to 8. serve v.(1)为.服务（2）服刑，服役(3) 上（饭菜） serve tea 上茶 Are you being served? 你点过菜了吗？ service n. servant n.9. 9.contribute v. 捐助，捐献，捐赠；贡献；导致，促成 contribution n. make contributions to.10. mother tongue = mother language 11. concern 的用法：1、 用作动词，意为“与有关；涉及”。如：Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.别管与自己无关的事。2、 用作名词。 意为“焦虑；担心”。如：There is growing concern that they may have been killed. 越来越担心他们可能已遭杀害。 意为“对某人来说最关心或最感兴趣的事”。如：Whats your main concerns as a writer? 身为作家，你对什么最感兴趣？3、 常用搭配： concern oneself with / in / about sth. “忙于某事 / 关心某事 / 参与某事”。如：She concerns herself with social welfare. 她从事社会福利工作。 as / so far as sb. / sth. be concerned“就某人 / 某物而言”。如：As far as Im concerned, I dont object to your decision. 就我（个人）而言，我不反对你的决定。 be concerned in / with sth. “与某物有牵连”。如：He was concerned with the crime. 他与那起罪案有关。 be concerned to do sth.“把做某事视为自己的事情”。如：He is always concerned to help others.他总是把帮助别人看作是自己的事情。 show / express concern about / for “对表示关心、担心”。如：She showed a great deal of concern for her sons illness. 她非常担心她儿子的病情。 have a concern in / with. “与有利害关系”。如：I have no concern with that company.我与那家公司没什么关系。 be concerned about. / that. “关心；担心”。如：Im concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了。4、 同根词： concerned形容词，意为“有关的；担心的”。如：Concerned parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会。 concerning介词，意为“关于；有关”。如：Concerning his proposal, there are pros and cons. 关于他的提案，有赞成和反对两种意见。12. ban sb from doing sth = forbid sb from doing sth= forbid sb to do sth= prohibit sb from doing sth13. access要表示“对的使用（了解、接近、进入等）”，其后习惯上接介词to。如：Students need easy access to books. 学生需要方便地借阅图书。Access to employees records is restricted. 查看雇员档案的权利是受到限制的。This is the sole means of access to the building. 这是进入大楼唯一的方法。Only high officials had access to the president. 只有高级官员才可以接近总统。 There is no access to the house from the main road. 从大路上没有办法进入这所房子。Only a few people have access to the full facts of the incident. 只有几个人可以知道事件的全部真相。 I lived deep in the country, without easy access to shops. 我远居乡村，到商店购物十分不便。注意：形容词accessible adj.(1)容易达到的、接近的，可使用的（2）易懂的14. race n. racial adj.15. gentle adj. gently adv.16. embarrass vt. embarrassing adj. embarrassed adj. embarrassment n.17. conclude vt.下结论称.;推断出 v. 结束，使终止 to conclude 总之 n.结论，推论；结束 draw/reach/come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总而言之18. mistake( mistaken, mistaken)19. differ的用法见模1单元1词组部分20. appear vi. appearance n. disappear vi.21. simple adj. simply adv. simplify vt.22. as a whole distinguish A from B 23. indicate vt. indication n.24. practise/practice doing sth practical adj.25. convenient adj. sth be convenient for/to sb 对某人来说方便（主语不用人） It is convenient for sb to do sth convenience n. 66. It is convenient for sb to do sth .be convenient for/ to sb at ones convenience67. at night 68. be of practical use be +( great) + 抽象名词= be +(very) +adj.68.关于强调句型的公式：陈述句的强调句型公式： It is /was + 被强调的部分+that+句子剩余的部分一般疑问句的强调句型公式：Is /Was+ it + 被强调的部分+that+ 句子剩余的部分？特殊疑问句的强调句型公式：特殊疑问词+is/was +it+ that +句子剩余的部分？宾语从句的强调句型公式：主句+连接代词或连接副词+it +is/was +that句子剩余的部分注：被强调的一般是主语，宾语，表语，状语，谓语用do/does/did强调；如果被强调的是人时，可以用who/whom代替that。I saw Susan in the street yesterday.It was Susan that (who) I saw in the street yesterday.It was in the street that I saw Susan yesterday.It was yesterday that I saw Susan in the street.Is it was Susan that (who) you saw in the street yesterday ?Is it was in the street that you saw Susan yesterday?Is it was yesterday that you saw Susan in the street?Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday?Where was it that you saw Susan yesterday?When was it that you saw Susan in the street?Can you tell me who it was that you saw in the street yesterday?Can you tell me where it was that you saw Susan yesterday?Can you tell me when it was that you saw Susan in the street?判断是否是强调句型的一个简单方法是“还原法”，既看其删除It is /was that /who/whom后，能否还原成一个简单句。如：It was during the Second War that he died.还原后： He died during the Second War.(是强调句型)最近几年，强调句型常跟定语从句在一起考查，要注意辨别。(1) It is in QingDao ( which/that) you are going to pay a visit to that this kind of washing machine is produced.(2) It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang that they did the experiment.(3) -I cant find M Smiths . When did you meet him this morning ? -It was in the hotel where he stayed ( that I met him this morning).(4) Is it the years when you worked in the factory that have a great effect on your literay works?69. I find it difficult to deal with this problem.= I find it is difficult to deal with this problem.70. despite= in spite of 连词“虽然”，有although, though, while, as模3单元3单词1.lecture n. give a lecture lecturer n.演讲人，授课人1. find（found, found) v. 发现 found （founded, founded) v.兴建，创建2. take 短语见模 erupt vi. (火山等）爆发 eruption n.3. pour vi. 涌流， 倾泻 vt.倒出（液体） pour in/out 涌入/涌出 pour water for sb=pour sb water 5. fortunate adj. fortunately adv. unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 6. mud n. muddy adj. decorate vt. decoration n.7. flee(fled, fled) flee from responsibility flee from the burning house8. research n. Vt. do research on/into. researcher n.9. wealth n. wealthy adj. commercial adj. commercially adv.10. scholar n. 学者 scholarship n.奖学金 culture n. cultural adj. culturally adv.11. ruin用法见模 remain 用法见模12. material n. 材料；物质 raw materials 原材料 adj.物质的 spiritual adj. 精神的13. explode vi.爆炸 explosion n. wood n. wooden adj.14. extreme adj. 极度的；极端的 extremely adv. express vt. expression n.15. complain vi. 抱怨 complaint n. solve vt. solution n.16. history n. historical adj.历史的；与历史研究有关的 historic adj. 历史上著名的，有历史意义的17. power n. powerful adj. educate vt. education n.18. in memory of. no doubt 无疑，确实 There is no doubt that .19. stand in ones path glory n. 辉煌；荣耀，光荣 glorious adj.20. ahead of time =in advance go ahead 前进；请吧，用吧21. philosophy n. philosopher n. psychology n. psychologist n.22. be/ become aware of. be/become aware that. make sb aware of./that.awareness n.23. salary，wage,pay,income这四个词都可以表示“工资”，但其含义不同。 （1） salary是指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资、薪水”，通常按月，有时按季或年计算How much salary does a teacher earn?（2）wage指简单劳动或体力劳动者所得的“工资、工钱”，通常按周、日等短期计算发给常用复数形式； There are extra benefits for people on low wages. （3）pay指不论工作性质如何，针对劳动所支付的报酬，它包含salary和wage（s）（pay is paid for a job），为不可数名词。 He doesnt like the job, but the pay is good.（4） income意思是“收入”，不强调途径，只要是得到的钱都可以称为收入。如：Tourism is a major source of income for the area.24.Come的短语come about 发生（经常和how搭配） How did it come about? 那事是怎么发生的? come across 偶遇；碰到（某人） (= come upon) ，偶然看到找到发现了某东西。 Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages. 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 come along To go somewhere with someone一起去，追随；跟着来 (= come on) Come along! 跟我来! come along! 卖力点！ Come along!; Come on now! 再加把劲!;快! come down with 患（小病）；得（小病） come into being发生，产生，出现，形成 when did the world come into being？ come into fashion 开始流行 come to 涉及；谈及 When it comes to politics I know nothing. 谈到政治，我一无所知。 come to oneself 恢复从容；恢复知觉，苏醒 come up with 想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生 He couldnt come up with an answer. 他答不上来。 He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 那时他想不出一个合适的答案。 come to realize.终于意识到.come true. 成为现实25. poison n. poisonous adj. 26. basis n. on the basis of. base.on.= be based on.27. corrupt vt.使腐化，使堕落 adj.贪污的，腐败的 corruption n.28. court n.法院，法庭；球场；宫庭 take sb to court 控告某人29. judge n.法官，裁判员 v. 判断，判决，裁判 judge sb by his appearance 以貌取人 judging from/by.judg(e)ment n.判断，裁判 ,审判30.announce v. /declare v. /claim v.announce的意思是“通知，宣布(结果，决定等)”;declare的意思是“宣布(公告，法律等)，声明”，比较正式，通常用于国家宣告独立或宣战;claim意为“声称，要求得到，认领”，用于发表个人意见, 索赔等例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song.她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌。The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations. 中美双方宣布了双边外交关系的正常化。They declared martial law in the mining communities他们宣布对矿区实行军事管制。If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?请这部相机的失主前来认领。She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!她声称自己的钢琴弹得与Themelis一样棒。 31.rise/raise/arise/arouse 的区别： 四个词看起来很像，其实差别很大。 首先，rise, arise 是不及物动词，raise, arouse是及物动词 1.rise（rose, risen）vi. 上升，升起, 升高；上涨；（躺 坐或跪后）起立，起身；起床 说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等，无被动语态。1) The sun rose at seven oclock. 太阳七点钟升起。2) The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。 3）The river has risen by several meters. 河水上涨了好几米。4）The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。5)The temperature in the room is rising higher and higher. 房间里的温度越升越高。6) Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes. 很快就看见水蒸气从湿衣服里冒出来。7) The price is rising. 物价正在上涨。2.raise （raised, raised) v t. 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如： 1)招募：to raise an army 2)养育、栽培：to raise a family 3)提高 raise salaries 涨工资, raise the rent租金。 4)举起 raise ones hand 5)提出问题 raise a question 1)Salaries have now been raised. 现在薪水已增加了。 2)The price was raised to 10. 价格涨到十英镑。 3)Heavy rain raised the river stage. 暴雨使河水水位升高。 4)The boss promised to raise her salary. 老板答应要给她加薪水。 3.arise (arose, arisen) vi. .(问题，困难等)出现；发生，产生；主语一般为抽象名词，如problem, ，trouble, ，quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement 起身；起来；起立。无被动语态。 常用短语：arise from / out of sth.由引起；因产生。 如： 1)Problems arose from the outset.一开始就产生了很多问题。 2)How did the quarrel arise? 争吵是怎么引起的？3)They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication. 他们正在谈论由于缺乏交流而产生的问题。 4.arouse意为“激起，唤醒；使. 奋发”可用于被动语态 1)arouse ones interest / sympathy 唤起某人的兴趣/ 同情心” 2)arouse sb. 唤醒某人 3)He fell into a sound sleep, dont arouse him. 他睡熟了，别唤醒他。 4)He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒。arise 没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物 rise 使用范围广，既用于具体事物的“上升、增长”，又用于抽象事物的“上涨” raise 与以上两词不同的是，此词是及物动词，表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽 象事物模3单元3词组1. give a talk about. give a lecture make a speech attend a lecture2. know about. know of. well-known be known for. be known as. be known to sb3. go on a cultural tour both.and.4. cause damage to. do damage to. under protection under construction5. be buried alive It turns out that.6. fail to do sth break down die in the disaster 7. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD 400. .be believed to do sth/ to have done sth8. beneath the sand together with. such as9. We found the ruins most interesting. run away cut down result in They have no idea that.10. happen to do sth sth happen to sb 几个“发生”见模11. He went to the area to see what was going on.12. A saying goes that Rome wasnt built in a day. As a saying goes,.13. be/become interested in. take part in.14. “对.有作用/影响” play a /an adj. role in. 比如，play key roles in. play a/an part in. make a /no/any/great difference to. have a /an adj. effect on. have a /an adj. influence on.15. could have done 的用法 1. 表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如：Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。We knew he couldnt have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句（而could可以用于肯定句）。如：Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？They cant have gone out because the lights on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。2. 表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如：The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。有时用于反语。如：Youve broken my penthanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。3. 表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如：She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。Its difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如：She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了。Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。4. 表示未曾实现的想法：即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”。如：I could have lent you the money. Why didnt you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出？I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的，但是我认为你太自负了。5. 表示未曾实现的选择：即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事，但实际上没有那样做，通常译为“本来可以”。如：You neednt have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的，你当时本可以用复写纸打。You neednt have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去，你本来可以乘电梯的。6. 表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如：You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。You could have helped mewhy did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?16. in battle rise up against stood in his path17. stop sb from doing sth=keep sb from doing sth = prevent sb from doing sth 18. take control of. 19. grow tired of. refuse to do sth come dow with20. as a result of trade be thought of as.= think of .as.21. for free aside from know little about .22. get embarrassed make a bad situation worse 23. put sb to death 处决，处死 be starved to death 饿死了be tired to death 累死了 frighten/scare sb to death把某人吓死了24. search for . search. in search of.25. force sb to do sthenergy，power，strength和force均可表示“力”，(1)energy意为“能量”，尤指人在做某事并为完成该事所表现出的生机勃勃的力，多用作不可数名词。You are always full of energy.表示“你总是精力充沛”。(2)power意为“能力”，词义丰富，可指内在的或外加的力、潜在的或活动的力、具体的或抽象的力、身体的或精神的力等。(3)force意为“力”，常指促使物体运动的力，也可指势力、武力或暴力，可用作可数名词和不可数名词。(4)strength意为“体力”，常指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力，有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力，是不可数名词。The work took me a lot of energy.这工作花费了我很多精力。The old man pulled the wagon with all his force.老人用尽全力拉货车。The man has strong desire for power.这人渴望拥有权力。These two boys are equal in strength.这两个男孩力气相等。
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