英语四级真题及答案2016.docx

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in ajoint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain thereasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes）说明：由于2016年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are male and female brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study26that belief,questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers27for sex differences throughout the entirehuman brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for28brains as male orfemale, research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in themiddle.Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based29, many different types of brain cant always be distinguished by gender.While the average male and average female brains were30different, you couldnt tell itby looking at individual brain scans. Only a small31of people had all-male or all-femalecharacteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist ( 神经科学家), said the study is an important addition toa growing body of research questioning32beliefs about gender and brain function. But hecautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,33of gender.Theres a mountain of evidence34the importance of sex influences at all levels of brainfunction, he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study35that gender plays a very important role in the brain- evenwhen we are not clear exactly how. A.abnormalB.appliedC.brieflyD.categorizingE.challengesF.figureG.percentageH.provingI.regardlessJ.searchedK.similaritiesL.slightlyM.suggestsN. tastes0.traditionalSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraphfrom which the information is derivedYou may choose a paragraph more than onceEach paragraph is marked with a letterAnswer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?A.Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examinationSo it isnt surprising thatyou11 find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular homesecurity systemsB.The most likely type of burglary(人室盗窃)by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity，usuallyinvolving a broken window or some forced entryAccording to the FB1crimes like these accounted forroughly twothirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013The wide majority of the rest were illegalunforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left openThe odds of a criminal usingtechnical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesnt even track those statisticsC.One of the main theoretical homesecurity concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to beingblocked from working altogetherWith wired setups，the fear is that a burglar(人室盗贼)might be ableto shut your system down simply by cutting the right cableWith a wireless setupyou stick batterypowered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows。doors，motion，and moreIf theydetect something wrong while the system is armedtheyll transmit a wireless aleft signal to a base station that will then raise the alarmThat approach will eliminate most cordcutting concerns-but what abouttheir wireless equivalent，jamming?with the fight device tuned to the fight frequency，whats to stop athief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?D.Jamming concerns are nothing new，and theyre not unique to security systemsAny device thats built toreceive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on thesame frequencyFor comparison1ets say you wanted to“jam”a conversation between two people-allyoud need to do is yell in the listeners earE) Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast onmat means that a potential thief canfind what they need to know with minimal GooglingThey willhoweverneed to know what systemtheyre looking forIf you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use，thatd point them in theright direction，though at that point，were talking about a highly targeted，semisophisticated attack，andnot the sort of forcedentry attack that makes up the majority of burglariesIts easier to find and acquirejamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for othersF)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacksSimpliSafe，winner of our EditorsChoice distinctionutilizes a special system thats capable of separating incidental RFinterference from targeted jamming attacksWhen the system thinks its being jammed，itll notify you viapush alert(推送警报)From there，its up to you to sound the alarm manuallyG)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming，complete with a video showing the entiresystem being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipmentAfter taking appropriate measures tocontain the RF interference to our test lab，we tested the attack out for ourselves，and were able to verify that its possible with the right equipmentHoweverwe also verified that SimpliSafes anti-jammingsystem worksIt caught us in the act，sent an alert to my smartphone，and also listed our RF interferenceon the systems event logThe team behind the article and video in question make no mention of thesystem，or whether or not it detected themH)We like the unique nature of that softwareIt means that a thief likely wouldnt be able to Google how thesystem worksthen figure out a way around itEven if they could，SimpliSafe claims that its system isalways evolving，and that it varies slightly from system to system，which means there wouldnt be auniversal magic formula for cracking itOther systems also seem confident on the subject of jammingTheteam at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site，citing their own jam protection software andclaiming that there arent any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offeringwireless security sensors in the l980sI)Jamming attacks are absolutely possibleAs said beforewith the fight equipment and the right knowhow，its possible to jam any wireless transmissionBut how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?J)Lets imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional antijamming systemFirst，a thief is going to need to target your home，specificallyThen，hes going to needto know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming yourspecific setupPresumably，you keep your doors locked at night and while youre away，so the thief willstill need to break inThat means defeating the lock somehow，or breaking a windowHe11 need to be jamming you at this point，as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarmS0，too，would the motion detectors in your home，so the thief will need to continue jamming once hes inside andsearching for things to stealHoweverhe11 need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system，thedetails of which he almost certainly does not have access toK)At the end of the day，these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort ofopportunistic smashandgrab attack that makes up the majority of burglariesTheyre also only a singlelayer in what should ideally be a manysided approach to securing your home，one that includes commonsense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at nightNo system is impenetrable，and none canpromise to eliminate the worst case completelyEvery one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeablethief could theoretically exploitA good system is one that keeps that worstcase setting as improbable aspossible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack36It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill37Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation38A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm，both inside and outside the house39SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks40Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means41It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing42Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected43Different measures should be taken to protect ones home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system44SimpliSafes device can send a warning to the house owners cellphone45Burglars can easily get a security devices frequency by Internet searchSection CDirections：There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statementsFor each of them there arefour choices marked A，B，CandDYou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centrePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based oil the following passageAs a person who writes about food and drink for a living。I couldnt tell you the first thing aboutBill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that greatBut I can tell you that I like this guyThatsbecause he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wageI hate tippingI hate it because its an obligation disguised as an optionI hate it for the postdinner math it requires of meBut mostlyI hate tipping because I believe l would be in a better place if pay decisionsregarding employees were simply left up to their employers，as is the custom in virtually every otherindustry Most of you probably think that you hate tipping，tooResearch suggests otherwiseYou actuallylove tipping!You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makesNo matterhow the math works out，you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being abetter value，which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tippingsystem One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pr0tipping crowd seems logical enough：theservice is better when waiters depend on tips，presumably because they see a benefit to successfullyveiling their contempt for youWellif this were truewe would all be slipping a few l00-dollar bills toour doctors on-the way out their doors，tooBut as it turns out，waiters see only a tiny bump in tipswhen they do an exceptional job compared to a passable oneWaiters，keen observers of humanity thatthey areare catching on to this；in one poll，a full 30said they didnt believe the job they did hadany impact on the tips they received So come on，folks：get on board with ditching the outdated tip systemPay a little more upfrontfor your beer or burgerSupport Bill Perrys pub，and any other bar or restaurant that doesnt ask youto do drunken math46、hat can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A.He runs a pub that serves excellent beerB.He intends to get rid of the tipping practiceC.He gives his staff a considerable sum for tipsD.He lives comfortably without getting any tips47What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A. It sets a bad example for other industriesB. It adds to the burden of ordinary customersC. It forces the customer to compensate the waiterD.It poses a great challenge for customers to do math48Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A.They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine inB. They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good serviceC.They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industryD.They can have some say in how much their servers earn49What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A.Service quality has little effect on tip sizeB. It is in human nature to try to save on tipsC.Tips make it more difficult to please customersD.Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees50What does the author argue for in the passage?A.Restaurants should calculate the tips for customersB.Customers should pay more tips to help improve serviceC.Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a livingD.Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customersPassage TwoQuestions 5l to 55 are based on the following passageIn the past，falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy，but recent forecasts forglobal growth have been toned downeven as oil prices sink lower and lowerDoes that mean the linkbetween lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the worldeconomyConsumers have more money in their pockets when theyre paying less at the pumpTheyspend that money off other things，which stimulates the economyThe biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like ChinaJapanand IndiaButdoesnt the extra money in the pockets of those countries consumers mean an equal loss inoil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, say economic researcher SaraJohnson. Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fallthey will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴) for theirconsumers.But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent itseconomy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming thepositive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plungedpartly because oil-producing nations cant afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likelylower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so thenations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings theyre getting at the gaspump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number ofoil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings forglobal consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B. Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C. The impact of chape oil on global economic growth.D. The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A. Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B. Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C. Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D. Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A. They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B. They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C. They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D. They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A. It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B. Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C. It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D. Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why havent falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A. People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B. The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C. Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D. People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IVTranslation ( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色的信封里，而要装在红色的信封里。2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解 (第3套)Part IWriting高分范文 State-owned Business or Joint VentureUpon graduation, virtually all college students willconfront the issue of career choice, which is truly a tough one.Some hold that there is no better way to get a decent job thanworking in a stated-owned business which will guarantee theirlife after retirement, while others take the attitude that a jointventure outweighs any other jobs as it may provide higherincome for employees. As for me, I prefer the latter one.For one thing, a joint venture usually offers a morecooperative and more competitive atmosphere which is suitablefor the beginners to grow and develop. For another, jointventures usually offer a higher salary, which holds a tremendousfascination for a great number of people, especially for theyoung who need to cover the expenses of transportation,house-renting, and social activities. Besides the above two, Iadore the diverse business culture in the joint ventures,immersed in which, I can broaden my vision and expand myknowledge.Based on the above reasons, a joint venture will be myfirst and sole choice.全文翻译Part Reading ComprehensionSection A选项归类名词：F.figure数字，图形；G.percentage比例；K.similarities相似之处；N.tastes品味动词：B.applied申请，应用；D.categorizing分类；E.challenges挑战；H.proving证明；J.searched搜索；M.suggests暗示，建议形容词：A.abnormal不正常的；0.traditional传统的副词：C.briefly短暂地，简略地；I.regardless不管；L.slightly轻微地详解详析26E.challenges。27J.searched。28D.categorizing。29K.similarities。30L.slightly。3l.G.percentage。32O.traditional。33I.regardless。34H.proving。35M.suggests。全文翻译36. I。37. Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystem is similar to interfering with aconversation.干扰一个无线安保系统就如同干扰一段对话一样。由题干中的interfering with aconversation定位到原文画线处。题干中提到两件事，干扰无线安保系统和干扰对话，且由similar to来将二者进行对比，这和定位句中的forcomparison的作用一样，都是将两件事情相提并论，且定位句中提到了“jam”a conversation betweentwo people，其中jam和interfere的意思一致，故答案为D.。38. J。39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able todistinguish incidental radio interference fromtargeted jamming attack