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1前缀,A对词根加以修饰、限制或改变其含意1，party党派multiparty多党2，left左的ultra-left极左的3，class级别declass降级4，praise奖励overpraise过奖5，comfort舒服discomfort不舒服6，equal平等的unequal不平等的,B不改变词根的词性1，see看见foresee预见2,normal正常的subnormal低于正常的3，war战士postwar战后但是，前缀en-,be-,或a-与词根构成一个新词时，往往能改变词根的词性。a)en-加在名词、形容词或动词之前构成动词。1，Slave奴隶enslave奴役2，rich富的enrich使富足3，close关闭enclose围住,b)be-加在名词或形容词之前构成动词。1，devil魔鬼bedevil使着魔2，cloud云becloud遮暗3，dim暗淡的bedim使模糊不清4,fool傻的befool愚弄,c)a-加在动词或名词前构成形容词1，sleep睡觉asleep睡着的2,light照亮alight点着的3，flame火焰aflame燃烧的4，foot脚afoot徒步的,2后缀,A改变词根的词性，从而表示出一个单词各种形式及其在句中的不同作用。如industry-alindustrial工业的-ousindustrious勤劳的-allyindustrially在工业上从名词industry之后又可以分别加上以下后缀：-istindustrialist实业家-izeindustrialize使工业化-izationindustrialization工业化,从名词industry派生出的以上六个词可在句子中分别充当以下作用：,a)定语：TheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtgrtatchangestopeopleslife.b)表语：TheChinesepeoplearebothbraveandindustrious.c)状语：Itsfoolishtorefusehelpfromindustrially-advancedfactories.d)主语：Therichestindustrialistthenwassupposedtobehisuncle,George.e)谓语：Theonlywaytobecomerichistoindustralizeourtownasearlyaspossible.f)宾语；Inordertocatchupwiththeadvancedcities,wemusttrytoincreaseindustrializationinourtown.,B不改变词义,Announceannouncement通知Carelesscarelessness粗心Falsifyfalsification伪造timidtimidity胆小,3词根,如单词irreparable是由三个部分构成的。前缀ir-表示否定“不”，词根repar表示“修理”，后缀-able表示“可以的”，所以irreparable的含义就是“不可修理的”。,词义猜测,同义词Insomecountriesmencatchwildelephantsandteachthemtowork.Afterawhile,theyarenolongerwild.Theybecometame.Theybecomeveryobedient,andalmostasdocileassheep.Theydowhattheirmasterstellthemtodo.Alldaylongtheyworkpatientlyinthehotsun.Theyneverrefusetowork.Theypulltreesalongandliftheavylogs.Theirtemperamentissomild,sogentlethattheyaresooninpeoplesgrace.该段中的tame,obedient,docile,mild与gentle是同义词，只要知道了gentle的意思，其它四个词的含义也基本清楚了：温顺的。,反义词,Thefarmgirlsgraduallydisappearedfromthefactories.TheirplacesweretakenupbyworkersfromIrealandwhowerebeginningtoarriveinAmericainlargenumbers.Bythe1850smorethanhalfofthetexilefactoryhandswereimmigrants.,常见的还有以下几种：,1用一般性词汇代替专门性词汇；2通过上下文表示；3用下定义的方式表示4通过具有说明性质的承接词表示。,句子的阅读与理解,A划去无关紧要的生词TheWesthadsentarmiestocaptureandholdJerusalem,insteadtheythemselvesfellvictimstoahostofnewideasandsubtleinfluenceswhichlefttheirmarkonthedevelopmentofEuropeanliterature,chivalry,warfare,sanitation,commerce,politicalinstitutions,medicine,andthepapacyitself.该句生词较多，如：capture,victims,subtle,chivalry,sanitation,papacy等，也正是这些词造成了理解整个句子的困难。但是只要划去这些词，不影响原句的意思，主要内容也容易抓住。该句主要内容为：TheWesthadsentarmiestoholdJerusalem,insteadtheythemselvesfellvictimstonewideasandinfluences.由此再推断出原句的中心大意：Theideasgreatlychangedweaternculture.,B把复杂的长句分解成若干个简单的复句Althoughenergyismoreorlesslost,itisstillplssibletoconveytheelectricalenergyproducedovergreatdistances,leaditintoaprivatehomewhereitisconvertedintothermalenergyinaheaterortoaster,
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