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Unit3Inventorsandinventions,知识归纳,1._n.专利证书;专利权2._n.院子;庭院;天井3._n.胡桃;胡桃木4._vi.就近的,patent,courtyard,walnut,distinguish,powder,perfume,convenient,(一)基本单词,知识清单,8._n.(评判的)标准;尺度9._n.文件;档案;文件夹vt.提交;将归档10._adj.熟的;成熟的11._n.线;绳子;一串12._n.胶;胶水vt.粘贴;粘合13._n.蔬菜水果商(pl)蔬菜水果店14._n.电话薄;商行名录15._vt.拨(电话),criterion,file,ripe,string,glue,greengrocer,directory,dial,16._n.降雨17._n.灯笼;提灯18._n.堵塞;阻塞;果酱19._n.额头20._n.点;小圆点vt.以小圆点标出;分散21._vt.饮料吸管,rainfall,lantern,jam,forehead,dot,tap,wire,straw,24._n.(水或气)流;电流adj.现在的;当前的25._n.直升机26._n.三角形;三角形物体27._vt.联想;联系n.同伴;伙伴28._n.冰箱29._n.法庭;法院;朝廷30._n.电话分机;扩大;延伸31._n.人力资源;人事部;全体人员,current,helicopter,triangle,associate,refrigerator,court,extension,personnel,32._n.期望;期待;预料33._vt.抓住;捉住;夺34._adj.有效的;确凿的35._adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的36._adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的,expectation,seize,valid,dynamic,stable,37._adj.仁慈的_adj.残忍的38._n.产品_n.生产39._adj.不锈的;没有污点的_n.污点;污迹_adj.满是污痕的40._adj.突然的;意外的_adv.突然地;意外地,merciful,stainless,stain,stained,product,production,abrupt,abruptly,merciless,(二)派生单词,41._n.小心;谨慎_adj.谨慎的42._adj.被动的;消极的_(反义词)主动的;积极的43._adj.冰冻的;严寒的_vt.结冰44._n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明_vt.确认;确定,caution,cautious,passive,active,freezing,freeze,identification,identify,45._adj.清白的;无罪的;天真的_n.清白46._vt.忍受;负担_(过去式)_(过去分词)47._adj.实践的;实际的_adj.理论上的48._n.能力;胜任_adj.能胜任的,innocent,innocence,bear,bore,petence,petent,practical,theoretical,borne,1._决定;选定2._给某人打电话3._偶尔;有时4._开始着手干5._与此同时6._在预料中7._迅速把手伸入;一心投入,decideon,callsb.up,nowandthen,setaboutdoing/setouttodo,atthesametime,intheexpectation,diveinto,(三)短语,8._和有联系9._不挂断;稍等10._次序颠倒;发生故障11._设法联系上;(设法)做完;通过12._回电话13._挂断电话,beassociatedwith,hangon,outoforder,getthrough,ringback,ringoff,(四)句式,Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。,1.distinguishvi.使著名课文原句:Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住，又不会伤害它。,(一)单词,核心要点,【归纳】distinguishbetween.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于的特征distinguishoneself显扬自己;使自己扬名distinguishoneself(as.)(作为)表现突出【拓展】distinguishedadj.卓越的;著名的;杰出的bedistinguishedfor.因而出名,【运用】翻译下列句子。1)语言是人类区别于动物的特征。Speechdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromtheanimals.2)他因为发明了计算机而出名。Hedistinguishedhimselfforinventingtheputer.,2.seizev.课文原句:,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.,我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去,请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。,【归纳】(突然)抓住。如：Thedoggreedilyseizedthebone.抓住机会。如：Bobseizedtheopportunitytospeaktohisteacheralone.理解意思。如：Marywasquicktoseizethemeaningofmywords.夺取,攻占。如：Thesoldiersseizedthecityafterahardfight.,没收。如：Thedrugsfoundinthehousewereseizedbythepolice.,3.convenientadj.方便的;附近的课文原句:Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.他们行动还是太快了，突然一下就消失在附近的墙洞里了。【归纳】常用句式：Itis/wasconvenientforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是方便的如：Thehouseisveryconvenientforseveralschools.,【拓展】conveniencen.方便,便利常用结构：atonesconvenience在方便时;在适宜的地点forconvenience为了方便,为了实用toonesconvenience对某人方便(合适),4.bearv.课文原句:Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue.我受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。【归纳】忍受。常用结构：cantbearsth.,cantbeardoingsth.,cantbeartodosth.。如:Mr.Blackcantbeartotalkabouthissonsdeath,eventome.承担(责任)。如：Youshouldnthavetobeartheblameforotherpeoplesmistakes.,支撑,承受(重量)。如：Becareful!Theiceistoothintobearyourweight.显示,带有。如：InfrontofthetombIsawastonebearingthedate1602.生育(孩子)。如：Mostanimalsbeartheiryounginthespring.,5.tapvt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头课文原句:ThisoriginaltelegraphsentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode(aseriesofdotstappedoutalongawireinaparticularorder).这种原始的电报是在一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息(莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连串点划)。,【归纳】giveatap轻轻一拍;轻敲tapsb.onthe.轻轻地拍某人的某个部位,1.callup给打电话;(使)回忆想课文原句：WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。【拓展】ring/callback回电话ringoff挂断电话,(二)短语,givesb.aring给某人打电话hang/holdon不挂断电话callfor需要;要求;呼吁;(去)接(某人)callat(火车等)停靠;拜访某地callon要求;请求;拜访某人calloff取消callin召来;来访,【运用】翻译下列句子。1)她打电话给一个朋友，只是要聊聊天。Shecalledupafriendjustforachat.2)我8点钟来接你。Illcallforyouat8oclock.3)比赛因天气恶劣被取消。Thegamewascalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.,2.nowandthen偶尔;有时课文原句:Snakesenearthehousenowandthen,andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere,ornotfarfromthewalnuttree.蛇时不时地爬到屋子边上来，似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃木不远的地方安家了。【拓展】attimes有时onceinawhile偶尔nowandagain时而fromtimetotime有时,3.setabout开始,着手课文原句:Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我着手研究蛇的习性,以使能找到最容易的方法抓住它们。【归纳】setabout后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语如：Youmustsetaboutyourworkatonce.Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.,【拓展】setapart使分离,使分开setaside为节省或保留(钱或时间),将放在一边setdown记下;放下;登记setout(todo)出发;开始,着手setoff动身,出发;使爆炸setup创办;建立,创建,Hetriestoset_afewdayseachmonthtostaywithhisoldparents.他每月都尽量抽出几天来陪伴年迈的父母。Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,wedbetterset_forthestationimmediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。,aside,out,【运用】,Theysucceededinwhattheyset_todo.他们打算做的事已经做成了。Theyset_muchbeautifulfireworks.他们燃放了许多漂亮的焰火。Iset_whatmyteachersaidyesterday.我把昨天老师说的话都记下了。,out,off,down,4.getthrough接通(电话);通过(考试);用完;成功课文原句:Icantgetthrough.【拓展】get(sth.)acrosstosb.使某事传播或为人所理解getaheadofsb.领先某人getbacktosth.回到某事物上getsb.down使某人情绪低落getdownto(doing)sth.开始(做)某事,getin到达;收获;进入getintouchwith和联系getridof摆脱;除掉;处理掉getover痊愈;克服getalong相处;进展,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.()Ivegotthroughthedrivingtestrecently.()ItriedringingyouseveraltimesyesterdaybutIcouldntgetthrough(toyou).()AssoonasIgetthroughwithmyworkIlljoinyou.()Wethoughthecouldnotgetthroughthewinter.(),设法做完,通过,打通电话,做完,度过,【运用】,(三)句式,1.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。Only修饰状语从句位于句首，故主句采用部分倒装结构。after引导时间状语从句；主句是canyousay.aninventor，其中say后跟由that引导的宾语从句。,考点一：过去分词作定语1.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed设空处作后置定语，appoint与nurse之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。,过去分词点拨(一),语法,2.Theairport_nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingpletedB.tobepletedC.pletedD.havingbeenpleted作后置定语，plete与airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，由时间状语nextyear可知，plete表示的动作尚未发生。,考点二：过去分词作表语InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuckstick与holidaymakers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示状态。remain+过去分词表某种状态;remain+tobedone表某事留待去做。,考点三：过去分词作宾语补足语1.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother_goodcareofathome.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.betaken设空处作宾语补足语，补充说明hismother的状态，因takegoodcareof与mother之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填taken。,2.Clairehadherluggage_anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked作宾语补足语，check与luggage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。,3.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_ofhisowndreams.A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind作宾语补足语，remind与himself之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。,【运用】用括号内动词的正确形式(包括动词-ing形式、过去分词及不定式)完成下面短文。TheGoldenGateBridge,1._(build)between1933and1937,spans(横跨)theentrancetoSanFranciscoBay.Thisspectacularlandmark,mainly2._(design)byCharlesEllis,measures1.7miles(2.7km)long.Itis3._(know)asasymbolofSanFrancisco.Thebridge,4._(attract)touristsfromaroundtheworld,isvisitedbyabout9millionpeopleyearly.,built,known,designed,attracting,ThedesignershadtheGoldenGateBridge5._(paint)inabrightred-orangecolourcalled“InternationalOrange”.Thebrightcolourcanbeseenevenindensefog.Theobservationarea,6._(locate)atthenorthernendofthebridge,offersan7._(amaze)viewofSanFrancisco,Alcatraz,theEastBay,AngelIslandandthePacificOcean.,painted,located,amazing,Theferryboats,still8._(use)today,usedtobetheonlyway9._(cross)theopeningofthebayintheearly1900s.Now,theGoldenGateBridgeconnectsMarinonthenorthtoSanFranciscoonthesouth.Itsdesign,unchangedsinceitsopening,hasprovedtobestrongenoughtowithstandstorms,oceancurrentsandstrongearthquakes.,used,tocross,写作,如何写申请信,【写作任务】假定你是李华，你从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在加拿大举办夏令营，欢迎各国中学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。内容主要包括：1.自我介绍；2.参加意图；3.希望获准。,注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。DearSirorMadam,_Regards,LiHua,【写作指导】一、审题定调本写作任务要求写一封申请信。它是个人、单位、集体向组织、领导提出请求，要求批准或帮助解决问题的专用书信，故语言要求正式、礼貌。写申请信时，时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。,二、谋篇布局申请信的格式和普通信件一样，通常包括以下几个部分：信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。其中信头部分为写信人地址和写信日期，考试中常被省略。本写作任务中称呼、结束语和签名已给出，所以我们只需写出正文部分。该申请信的正文可分为三部分：第一部分：引入话题（说明信息来源，表明写信目的）；第二部分：说明申请理由（包括自我介绍和参加意图）；第三部分：总结全文（表达希望或请求，表示感谢并期盼回复）。,三、组织语言1.第一部分：引入话题。,2.第二部分：说明申请理由。,3.第三部分：总结全文。,【范文展示】普通范文DearSirorMadam,IlearnedfromtheInternetthatyoullholdasummercampinCanadaandImreallyinterestedinit.IknowthatyouwelestudentsfromdifferentcountriesandIdliketotakepartinit.Firstofall,asaChinesehighschoolstudent,IvebeenlearningEnglishfortenyears,andIcanspeakitfluently.Whatismore,Illbeable,totellstudentsfromothercountriesaboutChinaandlearnabouttheircountriesaswell.IhopeIwillbeacceptedasamemberofyoursummercampandImlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply!Regards,LiHua,高级范文DearSirorMadam,IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyoupostedontheInternetandIhaveastrongdesiretoparticipateinit.IknowthatstudentsfromdifferentcountriesareweletoattendandImanxioustojoinin.Firstofall,havingbeenexposedtoEnglishfortenyearsinChina,IhaveagoodmandofbothspokenandwrittenEnglish.Whatismore,Illbeabletoshareinformationandexchange,ideaswithstudentsfromothercountries,whichwillbroadenmyhorizongreatly.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsiderationandpleasereplyatyourearliestconvenience.Regards,LiHua,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Aftersuchalongillness,herdeathcameasa(n)_(mercy)release.2.Consideringtheinjuriesheshad,therecanbelittle_(expect)ofhimwinningtherace.3.Mysecretarywillcallyoutoarrangea(n)_(convenience)timetomeet.,merciful,convenient,巩固练习,expectation,4.Theschoolboysaremore_(caution)nottomakeanymistakesinspellingthaneverbefore.5.Wevealwaysregardedhimasamanofhighprofessional_(petent).,petence,cautious,II.用方框内合适单词并用其正确形式填空。,abruptassociatebearcurrentseizefilestabletap,1.Afterseveralpart-timejobs,hesnowgota(n)_jobinabank.2.Lettersofplaintare_under“problems”bythesecretary.3.Ourconversationcametoa(n)_endwhenGeorgeburstintotheroom.,stable,filed,abrupt,4.Mostpeopleimmediately_addictionswithdrugs,alcoholandcigarettesnowadays.5.Inthe_economicsituation,switchingcareersmaynotbesuchagoodidea.6.Shegavethelidafewgentle_toloosenit.7.Troopsyesterday_controlofthebroadcastingstation.8.Fareshavegoneup,perhapstomorethanthemarketwill_.,abruptassociatebearcurrentseizefilestabletap,bear,associate,current,taps,seized,III.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Thefiveofthemwerestill_(exhaust)fromtheir36-hourtrainride.2.Withallhiswork_(do),Johnwenttothepubtorelax.3.Itsso_(frustrate)whenyoureinahurryandthetrafficisntmoving.4.Thecouple_(catch)intherainstormcamehomepletelywet.,exhausted,done,frustrating,caught,5.Peterwantstohavehiseyes_(examine)tomorrow,forhecantseeclearlywhattheteacherswriteontheblackboard.6.Walkingintotheroom,hewassurprisedtoseeJulia_(wait)atthetable.7.Igotverydrunkattheparty,andIfeelreally_(embarrass)aboutit.8.TheSmithswerefound_(trap)intheirfloodedbasement.,examined,waiting,embarrassed,trapped,.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,BostonDynamics,1._hasbeenownedbyGooglesince2013,beganatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,whereMarcRaibert,itspresidentandprojectmanager,andotherscientistssetout2._(develop)robotsthatmovedlikeanimals.Foundedin1992,thepanynotonlydesignssomeof3._most,the,which,todevelop,advancedrobotsintheworldbutalsobuildsthemandfieldteststhem.Manyoftheir4._(project)havebeenfinancedbythemilitary.TheLS3forexampleisafour-leggedrobotcapable(有能力的)ofwalkingbehindasoldierwhile5._(carry)400poundsofequipmentonitsback.Sensors(传感器)allowittofollowits6._(lead)whereverheorshegoes,sotheresnoneedforadriver.Anotherrobot,theCheetah,leader,projects,carrying,isthe7._(fast)four-leggedrobotintheworld,capableofrunningat29mph.Itslatestrobot,however,isdesignedtobe8._(practice)aroundthehome.Weighinginat65pounds,SpotMiniisaroboticdogsmallenoughtogetundertablesandmovearoundchairsandotherobjects.Itcanwork9._90minutesbetweencharges,easilyclimbupanddownthestairs,for,fastest,practical,andevengetupifitfallsover.Thedaywhenrobotswillbe10._(merry)doingallourhouseworkforusseemstobegettingcloser.,merrily,
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