高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练（二）81

江苏海盐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解训练（二）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。In Western culture, 21 was the age at which young people traditionally received a key to their parents door, as a symbol of entering adulthood. Now, the age of 21 is a time when people ask themselves: where do I go from here?Jiang Fangzhous 21 years have been filled with the kind of success most young people wouldnt dare hope for in a lifetime. She published her first book at the age of nine and has written many more since then. She is regarded as a spokesperson for her generation. However, her hopes and concerns for the future appear decidedly normal.She explains that while her fellow students are chiefly concerned with getting a job or buying an apartment, shefrets over how she can excel in her work when having limited experience of the world.However, Jiang, now a senior at the School of Journalism and Communication of Tsinghua University, notes that her peers face intense pressure and competition at school. They are expected to excel in their field of study despite limited experience, just as Jiang is expected to shine in the literary world.Young people, she says, have been forced to open their eyes to the world around them. Jiangs world has opened up, too. Shes more at ease with herself at 21, compared with when she began college.“My horizon has broadened and Im more tolerant,” she says. “As a freshman, I was desperate. I stopped people around me and asked: Is there anything in the world still worth hoping for? But now I dont do that.”Jiang says that she may not pursue writing as her main future career because she wants to try“other lifestyles”overseas travel and study touring sound particularly inviting to her. But she is concerned that many foreigners have skewed (歪曲的,倾斜的) perceptions about China.“A few days ago I overheard a conversation between two foreigners sitting next to me on a flight,” says Jiang. “They were having a heated discussion about the number of beggars in China. And how Chinese always go for petty profits. In fact, they had been in China for only a week.”Jiang believes prejudice is unavoidable, but she also maintains that Chinese and Westerners, for example, share much common ground.“We share the same principles, such as honesty and a willingness to help others,” says Jiang. “The differences between peoples are not that huge.”1. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Jiang Fangzhous novels. B. Embracing new challenges.C. Jiang Fangzhous university life. D. Jiang Fangzhous success.2. What does the underlined phrase mean?A. be patient withB. be worried aboutC. be content with D. be indifferent about3. Which of the following sentences is true?A. Jiang doesnt have any pressure and competition as the others do.B. Jiangs peers face intense pressure and competition at school.C. Jiang wants to be a professional writer in future.D. Jiang often asks her friends some questions now.4. We can infer from the text that_.A. there is nothing but prejudice between Chinese and WesternersB. Jiang accepts the fact that there are huge differences between peoplesC. one week is enough to know about a true China.D. Jiang disagrees with what the two foreigners said about Chinese【参考答案】14、BBBD科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013江苏,C)改编If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means,they clearly did so quicklyand,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物) as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?()A.A twisted body.B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D.A drop in blood pressure.2.The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see .A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3.Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 .A.confirmed his assumption B.speeded up his research processC.disagreed with his assumption D.changed his research objectives4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB.gradually developed measures against the bendsC.died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD.evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it语篇解读:本篇为科普说明文,文章主要说明了鱼龙得减压病的原因和后果。并介绍了Dr Rothschild通过研究,推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。由The consequence.is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name减压病的典型症状是身体弯曲,可知答案为A项。2.B推理判断题。根据.to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.和.to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression.可知答案为B项。3.C推理判断题。第四段开始说到.he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils.,接下来又说Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite,由此见,研究结果和他开始的预测相反,故选C项。4.A推理判断题。由倒数第二段的If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.可知,Dr Rothschild并不认可鱼龙的抗减压进化途径,故A项正确。【疑难词汇解读】 evolve vt.使发展,设计,发出Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。【长难句子分析】 开始时,他假设弯曲的迹象在年小的化石中较少见,这也反应出了他们对付减压的措施的逐渐进化。【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】CA towering South American plant that is believed to kill animals with its spikes(尖刺) and use their rotting bodies as fertilizer is about to bloom(开花) in England. A rare Puya chilensis was planted at a greenhouse in Surrey, a county in the southeast of England about 15 years ago. However, despite its frightening description, the tall, spiked plant is considered a threatened species.The Royal Horticultural Society has been feeding the plant a diet of liquid fertilizer. “In its natural habitat in the Andes it uses its razor sharp spikes to snare and trap sheep and other animals, which slowly starve to death and rot at the base of the plant, providing it with a bag of fertilizer,” reads a description on the RHS website, which adds that the plant gives off a “gruesome scent.”But does the plant actually trap and eat sheep? Other sources have simply said it is “believed” that the plant traps small animals with its spikes. After the animals die of starvation, the plant is believed to then use their rotting bodies as fertilizer to feed itself.Im really pleased that weve finally persuaded our Puya chilensis into producing flower, horticulturalist Cara Smith said in a press release on the RHS site. Regardless of whether it actually traps sheep, the plant does have sharp spikes that can grow up to 12 feet high and 5 feet wide. However, its not all death and danger for this plant. Its flowery blooms reportedly provide nectar(花蜜) for bees and birds.The Puya chilensis blooms annually in its native land of Chile, but this is the first time it has done so after more than a decade of cultivation efforts from the RHS. We keep it well fed with liquid fertilizer as feeding it on its natural diet might prove a bit problematic,” Smith said. Its growing in the dry section of our glasshouse with its deadly spines well out of reach of both children and sheep alike.59. From the passage we learn that in England the Puya chilensis _.A. feeds on man-made liquid fertilezerB. often kills sheep and other animalsC. has once bloomed 15 years beforeD. uses animals rotting bodies as fertilizer60. The underlined word “snare” in the second paragraph probably means“_”.A. catch B. stop C. fight D. kill61. We can infer from the passage that _.A. its dangerous to feed the plantB. its certain that the plant kills sheep C. its difficult for the plant to bloom in EnglandD. its rare for the plant to bloom in South American62. What does the writer mainly tell us?A. A new plant is discovered in Chile.B. How a rare plant is fed in England.C. A rare plant is going to bloom in England.D. How a plant traps animals in South America.【参考答案】5960、AA 61-62 CC 【2014高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】DDo people ever consider the possibility that, if theyre exposed to increased reports about a social problem, its the reporting that has increased rather than the problem? Its increasingly clear that this is the case with school bullying（欺凌）：Only news reports about it have increased, not the behavior itself. In fact, both bullying and fear of it are down among US middle school students The rate of students who reported fearing an attack or harm at school at all has dropped dramatically, from nearly 12% in 1995 to less than 4% in 2011. For black and Hispanic students, its an even more encouraging shiftfrom more than 20% of both groups of students worried about being attacked at school to less than 5% in 2011. The decline in actual physical violence in schools is even more dramatic: It was down 74% between 1992 and 2010, according to the latest US Department of Justice data.What about cyberbullying? Online harassment increased from 6% in 2000 to 9% in 2005 to 11% in 2010 between, and its interesting to note that it increased less between 2005 and 10 than in the first 5 years tracked. Because social media is very much a reflection of school social life for young people, the peer aggression seen in social media is a lot like the peer aggression seen on school bathroom walls. So once it finds its “dead level,” it will probably decline in the same way verbal and written aggression have.Besides education and crime prevention at the social level, medicine treatment and better access to mental healthcare also contribute to this downward trend in victimization of self and others.The rise of social media is what people dont typically think of as a positive force in society. But Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire says, “These technologies might have prevented crime and bullying by providing more ways of help, more forms of social supervision, and interesting activities that destroy forms of alienation(异化) that lead to crime”. 63. From the first paragraph we learn that _.A. school bullying has increased because of increased reportsB. school bullying has decreased because of increased reportsC. the number of reports on school bullying has increasedD. the number of reports on school bullying has decreased64. The underlined word is closest in meaning to _.A. crimeB. aggressionC. surfingD. communication 65. The cyberbullying is still increasing probably because _.A. it isnt as easy to control as the other school bullyingB. it hasnt been concerned by the governmentsC. it isnt part of school social lifeD. it hasnt come to its top level66. Finkelhor believes that social media have a _ influence on the falling trend of school bullying.A. positiveB. negativeC. majorD. slight【参考答案】6366、CBDA