高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解优练（一）（含解析）1

2017广东罗定县高考英语（一轮）阅读理解优练（一）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014绍兴统考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA materialsome of it unearthed by miners in Alaskato conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that mans best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and theyre useful to eat. ”Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North Americas domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48. Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America. Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge. Leonard and Waynes study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didnt feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证实了这一点。1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“”. A. leftover foodB. animal wasteC. dead bodiesD. living environment【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以remains应该是尸体。故C正确。2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that. A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D. B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogsC. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolvesD. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。3. What can we know from the passage? A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs. B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s. C. Latin Americas dogs are different from North Americas in genes. D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。4. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The origin of the North American dogs. B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America. C. The reasons why early people entered America. D. The difference between Asian and American dogs. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的DNA“to conclude that todays domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that todays dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。A Manhattan CrossingNew Yorkers like to say they can walk faster than the crosstown bus. On 34th Street, buses average about four miles an hour. For those in a hurry, pretty much everyone here, its an icy pace for a crosstown trip. Janette Sadik-Khan, the citys transportation commissioner, is proposing an interesting fix for 34th Street. The city plan would close 34th Street to non-bus traffic in the block between the Empire State Building and Macys. On the rest of the street, cars would move one way only. It would take getting used to, but for bus passengers, the city says there are more than 40,000 a day on public, tour or commuter (通勤) buses along 34th Street. The plan should cut the commute by up to 35 percent. People in other vehicles or about 10 percent of the human traffic would have to zig and zag (锯齿形) to get through this section of the city. It is probably fair to say that most are not particularly pleased about the whole concept. So the city needs to answer important questions. Will this unrest mean more traffic on side streets that are already unbearably crowded? Will deliveries be limited to the daybreak hours? Will Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Ms. Sadik-Khan be willing to change or drop the plan if it simply wont work? The Bloomberg administration has worked to improve bus traffic around the city. An experiment to speed up city buses along Fordham Road in the Bronx has already reduced travel time and increased passengers number. Urban planners have been studying the citys crosstown problems since the first traffic jam. Robert Moses at one point proposed a major highway just south of 34th Street, part of which would go through an office building. The question is still whether it will really make it easier to operate in Manhattan. 1. Whats the first paragraph mainly talk about? A. Traffic in Manhattan is much too bad. B. New Yorkers enjoy playing jokes about their buses. C. People are hard to cross 34th Street. D. An interesting fix for crowded street is being made. 2. How many measures would be taken in order to improve the traffic situation in Manhattan according to this plan? A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 63. Whats the purpose of the experiment by the Bloomberg administration? A. To improve traffic jam. B. To reduce travel time. C. To increase ridership. D. To relieve traffic pressure. 4. According to this passage, whose proposal might be difficult to becarried out? A. Janette Sadik-Khan.B. Robert Moses.C. Michael Bloomberg.D. Ms. Sadik-Khan.【参考答案】7.ACDB 2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Even before there were people, there were cases of air pollution. There were dust storms. Volcanoes erupted, sending ash and poisonous gases into the atmosphere. When people appeared on the scene and began their conquest of nature, they also began to pollute the air. They cleared land, which made possible even larger dust storms. They built cities, and the soot(煤烟) from their hearths filled the air. The Roman author Seneca wrote in AD 61 of the “stink, soot and heavy air” of the imperial city. In 1257, the Queen of England was forced to move away from the city of Nottingham because the heavy smoke was unbearable. The industrial revolution brought even worse air pollution. Coal was burned to power factories and to heat homes. Soot, smoke, and sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫) fill the air. The good old days? Not in the factory towns. But there were large rural areas unaffected by air pollution. With increasing population, the entire world is becoming more urban. It is the huge cities that are most affected by air pollution. But rural areas are not unaffected. In the neighborhoods around smoky factories, there is evidence of increased rates of spontaneous abortion(自然流产) and of poor wool quality in sheep, decreased egg production and a high death rate in chickens.Traffic police in Tokyo have to wear gas masks and take “oxygen breaks”breathing occasionally from tanks of oxygen. Smog in Athens at times has forced factory closings and traffic restrictions. Acid rain in Canada is caused by air pollution in the United States, contributing to strained relationships between the two countries. Sydney, Rome, Tehran, Ankara, Mexico City, and most other major cities in the world have had frightening experiences of air pollution. One of the two major types of smogconsisting of smoke, fog, sulfur dioxide, sulfuring acid (H2SO4), ash and sootis called London smog. Indeed, the word smog is thought to have originated in England in 1905 as a contraction of the words “smoke” and “fog”. Probably the worst case of smog in history started in London on Thursday, 4 December, 1952. A large cold air mass moved into the valley of the Thames River. A temperature inversion placed a blanket of warm air over the cold air. With nightfall, a dense fog and below-freezing temperatures caused the people of London to put coal into their small stoves. Millions of these fires burned throughout the night, pouring sulfur dioxide and smoke into the air. The next day, Friday, the people continued to burn coal when the temperature remained below freezing. The factories added their smoke and chemical fumes to the atmosphere. Saturday was a day of darkness. For twenty miles around London, no light came through the smog. The air was cold and still. And the coal fires continued to burn throughout the weekend. On Monday, 8 December, more than one hundred people died of heart attacks while trying desperately to breathe. By the time a breeze cleared the air on Tuesday, 9 December, more than 4,000 deaths had been caused by the smog. Soot and ash can be removed by electrostatic precipitators(静电吸尘器). Unfortunately, they use large amounts of electricity, and the electrical energy, which is hardly affordable for most of us, has to come from somewhere. Fly ash removed from the air has to be put on the land or water, although it could be used in some way. The elimination(去除) of sulfur dioxide is more difficult. Low-sulfur coal is rare and expensive. Although sulfur can be washed from finely pulverized(粉末化) coal, the process is expensive. There are also processes for changing dirty coal into clean liquid and gaseous fuels. These processes may hold promise for the future, but they are too expensive to compete economically with other fuels at present. They also waste a part of the coals energy.1. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The type and form of pollution . B. The cause and effect of pollution.C. The situation and elimination of pollution. D. The concept and examples of pollution.2. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A. Human beings should not have begun their conquest of nature.B. Human activities contribute more to pollution than natural disasters do.C. Seneca and the Queen of England were both over-sensitive to air pollution.D. The industrial revolution was a disadvantage in terms of air pollution.3. With the example of “decreased egg production” in Paragraph 3, the author intends to_ A. explain why the world is becoming more urbanB. indicate that heavy pollution also exists in rural areasC. show that large cities are most affected by air pollutionD. prove smoky factories are more affected by air pollution4. What is the right order about the 1952 London Smog?a. A breeze cleared the air of London.b. Thousands of people died.c. There was a day of darkness in London.d. A large cold air mass caused a blanket of warm air over London.e. London people made continuous fires from coal to keep warm.A. d-e-c-b-a B. c-e-d-a-bC. d-c-e-b-a D. c-d-e-a-b5. What does the author mainly want to say in the last two paragraphs?A. The technology to remove air pollution is only currently in development.B. Society must be prepared to spend whatever it takes to eliminate air pollution.C. Air pollution control is too costly to be achieved at the current time.D. Pollution can be controlled using man-made scientific techniques.6. It can be inferred that when writing this article, the author was in a(an) _mood about the topic.A. sympathetic B. optimistic C. desperate D. concerned参考答案16、CDBACD