高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础训练231

江苏金湖县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Top lists are lecturing people on everything from “100 places to visit” to “100 books to read”. Arent you just tired of being told what to do with your time? Now you have a list to end all lists! Take a look at the following two examples from the list of “101 things not to do”： Swim with Dolphins(海豚)? Swimming with dolphins is one of the worlds most profitable tourist activities.However, not every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming and pushing around them in the water. Worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded with tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨) Heres a little secret. Dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually theyre just opening their mouths. Go to See the Mona Lisa? There must be something about the mysterious(神秘的) smile. The 6 million people who visit the lady in the Louvre every year cant all be wrong, after all. But they can be quite annoying, standing in front of you; holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact, it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds at most. If the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldnt just be smiling, shed be laughing. So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Things NOT to Do Before You Die. 1. According to the passage, swimming with dolphins _. A. is the worlds most popular tourist activityB. gives fun to both tourists and dolphins C. will make tourists busy and tiredD. can cause danger to dolphins 2. What does the author think about going to see Mona Lisa? A. It is wrong to go and see the mysterious smile. B. It is not as satisfying as expected. C. Fifteen seconds in front of the painting is enough. D. Queuing for hours is worthwhile. 3. The list of “101 things not to do” is made most probably because its author _. A. thinks it boring to do the things suggested by other listsB. believes other lists are not humorous enough C. intends to persuade people to read more listsDwants to provide a list different from other lists 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a book. B. To introduce a website. C. To comment on popular lists. D. To recommend tourist activities. 【要点综述】该篇短文前面否定“100 lists to do”的种种弊端，最后推出自己的101 Things NOT to Do Before You Die，很明显是一则常见的广告。1. D细节理解题。从Swim with Dolphins下面材料中的第一段最后一句可知和海豚一起游泳会给海豚带来危险。2. B细节理解题。在Go to See the Mona Lisa的材料中，作者反复论证了go to see the Mona Lisa的诸多弊端，每年大量的游客前往参观，个人不可能有预想的观赏效果。3. D推理判断题。该文采取先抑后扬的写作技巧，其目的是要提出不同的观点。4. A写作意图题。该篇材料最后点出写作目的，即为101 Things NOT to Do Before You Die打广告。【2015高考复习】阅读理解Promotion at work can be good for the pocket.However，it can also be very risky for a persons mental health，according to British researchers from the University of Warwick in Coventry.The new findings go strongly against the common belief that advancement in a career can result in better health because of an increased sense of selfconfidence，life control and overall wellbeing(幸福感 )“Getting a promotion at work is not as great as many people may think.Our research finds that the mental health of managers typically deteriorates after a job promotion and goes beyond merely a shortterm change in a way，”said Chris Boyce, the researcher of the University of Warwick.He also added that they could not find any health benefits in individuals who had had job promotions.Instead，these people dont go to hospital to have health checks as often as they should，which may be something to worry about rather than celebrate.To find out whether there is a connection between job advancement and physical health，Boyce and his team used data from the British Household Panel Survey.The data contained information on nearly 1,000 recently promoted individuals in the United Kingdom.And the data contained information on many aspects of life，including work and selfreported health.After analyzing all the available information，they discovered that there was no evidence of improved physical health after a job promotion.However，what the researchers did find was evidence of greater mental stress.The experts found that promotion gives people，on average,10 percent more mental stress and up to 20 percent less time to visit their doctors in the event of illness.Matt Smith，a Scottish health expert，said mental stress is caused by working long hours.He said，“When someone is promoted there might be even more pressure to work longer hours and therefore they cant afford the time to care about their health.”【语篇导读】升职会让人精神焕发，信心百倍，还是身体健康受到影响？最新的研究发现升职不但健康受到影响而且精神压力也很大。1According to the text we can learn that work promotion_.Ais traditionally believed to be harmful to peoples healthBdecreases peoples selfconfidence and happinessCgives people more chances to have health checksDcan help raise peoples income to some extent答案D细节理解题。从第一段的第一句Promotion at work can be good for the pocket可知。2The underlined word “deteriorates” in the second paragraph means “becomes_”AsatisfyingBdoubtfulCoptimistic Dworse答案D词义猜测题。联系下句they could not find any health benefits可知。3What do we know from Boyces research?AIt analyzed many aspects of the promoted individuals lives.BIt surveyed 1,000 people in the world.CIt showed how people gained work promotion.DIt proved that work promotion may lead to a shortterm change in health.答案A细节理解题。从第三段的倒数第二句And the data contained information on many aspects of life，including work and selfreported health.可知。4From the last paragragh we can learn that_.Apeople who are promoted suffer from increased mental stressBthe work after promotion will take up 20 percent of peoples leisure timeCpromoted individuals tend to pay more attention to their healthDpoor health condition makes promoted individuals feel stressed答案A推理判断题。从最后一段第一句However，what the researchers did find was evidence of greater mental stress.可推知。5What is the best title for this text?AWork Promotion Helps Increase SelfConfidence.BWork Promotion Is Actually Bad for Ones Health.CWork Promotion Means Having to Work Harder.DWork Promotion Brings Wealth and Health.答案B主旨大意题。第一段的第二句However，it can also be very risky for a persons mental health是文章的主旨所在。2014班复习统一检测Smile and keep up the spirit; everything is temporary.Problems are the steps we need to acquire better things.Problems are new opportunities to learn what we need to know to avoid making mistakes, to start over，to do the best we can，with a new attitude，the right attitude.Everything is for good.At the end of the tunnel there is always light. The important thing is that regardless of any barrier we face, we dont stop moving forward while we are in the darkness of that tunnel. To stay in such darkness, to sigh，or to wait for somebody to feel pity or sorry for us doesnt solve anything.It is important to understand that walking in that unavoidable dark tunnel is a blessing in disguise since it becomes part of our experience, it makes us grow and it is one of the two ways that forces us to form our character. Benjamin Franklin said, “We either buy wisdom, paying for our mistakes, or take it borrowed, learning from other peoples mistakes.”To stay in the misery or blame others does you no good. You are bigger than any challenge; you have everything you need to make it through and succeed. Dont stop！Continue moving forward! Dont stay in that mental dark zone. In this zone there is no growth, only insecurity(不安)Regardless of all fears, it is necessary to keep moving forward. There are a lot of blessings waiting for you! The riches of life are for those who have the courage and perseverance(坚持不懈) to take action. Life may not be fair; it is for sure that all of us will pay for our mistakes. That is unavoidable, but what makes us grow is not how many times life beats us, but how many times we get up and try.Who hasnt gone through bad times？The important thing is to see, understand, and accept life as it is. Everybody makes mistakes! Once we make a decision and take action, there is no way to go back. Life cannot be, nor will it be otherwise. Being irresponsible, blaming, or justifying(为辩护) our actions and mistakes keeps us from growing.1In Paragraph 2 the author advises us to _.Aignore the difficult situationBwait for help when in troubleCkeep moving in times of trouble Dbe careful of any barrier we face2What Benjamin Franklin said proves that_.Asome people dont make mistakesBmaking mistakes is unavoidableCwe have to pay for our mistakesDmistakes can be beneficial to us3Which of the following statements would the author agree to according to the passage?A. Accepting life as it is frees us from growing.B. Courage and perseverance are vital to success.C. We should think twice before making a decision.D. We should bear in mind that life is equal to everyone.4The author writes the passage mainly to _.A. encourage readers to pursue their dreamsB. advise readers to get out of the comfort zoneC. call on readers to feel confident about their futureD. convince readers to look on problems as opportunities文章大意在人生路上，每个人都会遇到困难和挑战。如果我们能够培养良好的心态，把困难看作前进的垫脚石，勇往直前，最终我们就能够克服困难，走向成功。1C。考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句可知，作者建议我们遇到困难时，不要止步不前。2D。 考查推理判断。在第三段中，作者引用了富兰克林的话，是为了证明前面作者的观点：错误使我们成长，错误有助于塑造我们的性格。3B。考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段第三句可知，作者认为，生活中的财富属于那些有勇气、有毅力的人。可见作者认为勇气和毅力是成功的要素。4D。考查写作意图。通览全文，作者旨在劝说读者要把生活中的困难看作前进的台阶，努力拼搏，克服困难，开创未来。2013课标全国卷The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze (凝视) starts to lose its focusuntil a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number or spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.1、The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys _.A. sense of hearing B. sense of sightC. sense of touch D. sense of smell2、Babies are sensitive to the change in _.A. the size of cards B. the colour of picturesC. the shape of patterns D. the number of objects3、Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.B. To see how babies recognize sounds.C. To carry their experiment further.D. To keep the babies interest.4、Where does this text probably come from?A. Science fiction. B. Childrens literature.C. An advertisement. D. A science report.文章大意刚刚出生的婴儿对眼前出现的不同图片和物体的数量有没有概念呢？他们对视觉和声音的变化敏感吗？对此，研究者进行了一系列的试验。1、B。考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced.”可知，第一段描述的试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉(sense of sight)。2、D。考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知，当图片上物体的数量发生变化时，婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知，婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。3、C。考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式，是为了更深入地进行研究。因此研究者让婴儿听鼓声是为了进行深入的研究。4、D。考查推理判断。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等，因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。 2014高三年级联合考试Many people have a sweet tooth. The average American kid consumes more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. But the findings of a recent study may surprise you.A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to conduct a study on the negative effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on peoples health.During the 58weeklong study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage is equal to a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice were 26% less territorial(地盘性的) and produced 25% fewer young than the other mice. Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic structure to humans. “Since most substances that are poisonous in mice are also poisonous in people, its likely that those potential physical problems that cause those mice to have increased death rate are at play in people，” says researcher James Ruff. Findings from this study reveal negative effects that are not as detectable(可发觉的) as weight gain or heart problems. Sugar can contribute to longterm changes in the body that can affect development and even lead to shorten lives.Different types of sugar have different effects on the human body. Some of the sugar we consume comes from foods we eat candy, soda, and cookies. But much of the sugar we eat is hidden. Food companies add large amounts of sugar to items we may not classify as sweets. Some pasta sauces, crackers, and even ketchup(番茄酱) have large amounts of sugar. To help cut down on extra sugar consumption, nutrition experts suggest looking at the ingredients on food packages. Ingredients that end inose, such as sucrose(蔗糖) and fructose(果糖), are sugars. So are those that include the word syrup(糖浆). Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nations sugar cravings will provide for a truly sweeter future.1. Paragraph 3 aims to tell us_.A. how scientists carried out their research B. why scientists often use mice for researchC. what researchers have found from the study D. whether the mice like the diet with more sugar2. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A. Humans will have the same problems as mice.B. Scientists use mice in that theyre more available.C. Sugar can contribute to poisonous substances in mice.D. Some negative effects of sugar are not easily detected.3. Why should customers read the ingredients on food packages?A. To save money. B. To take in less sugar.C. To buy the best food. D. To cook it in the right way.4. What does the last sentence mean?A. Taking in less sugar will make the Americans healthier.B. It makes sense for Americans to develop a balanced diet.C. The Americans should make great efforts to keep off sugar.D. Controlling sugar production is beneficial to the Americans.文章大意很多美国人爱吃甜食。最近美国犹他大学的研究者发现，吃糖过多有害健康。这为爱吃甜食的人们敲响了警钟。1C。考查段落大意。根据第三段可知，本段主要讲述了科学家从事的这项长达58周的研究的主要发现。2D。考查推理判断。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，糖对人体的有些副作用不像体重增加和心脏病那样容易被发现。3B。考查细节理解。根据最后一段的第六句可知，营养专家建议人们认真阅读食品包装袋上的原料说明，以便减少糖的摄入。故选B项。4A。考查句意理解。根据最后一段倒数第二句内容可知，让美国人不吃糖是很困难的，再结合最后一句的“But”可推出，这句话的意思是“但是少吃糖能使他们更健康。”