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单元综合测评(三).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)A(2016西安质量检测)Stephen Hawking，who spent his career exploring the universe and even experienced weightlessness，is urging the continuation of space explorationfor future generations sake. The 71yearold Hawking said he did not think humans would survive another 1，000 years “without escaping beyond our fragile planet”The British scientist made the remarks Tuesday before an audience of doctors, nurses and employees at CedarsSinai Medical Center，where he toured a stem cell (干细胞) laboratory thats focused on trying to slow the progression of Lou Gehrigs disease (“渐冻人”病)Wellknown for his work on black holes and the origins of the universe, Hawking is famous for bringing mysterious physics concepts to the masses through his bestselling books, including A Brief History of Time, which sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. Hawking titled his hourlong lecture to CedarsSinai employees “A Brief History of Mine”Hawking was diagnosed (诊断) with Lou Gehrigs disease 50 years ago when he was a student at Cambridge University. He recalled how he became depressed and at first didnt see a point in finishing his education，but he continued his studies.Hawking has survived longer than most people with Lou Gehrigs disease because few people with Lou Gehrings disease live longer than a decade. People gradually have more and more trouble breathing and moving as muscles weaken and waste away. Whats worse, theres no cure. Dr. Robert Baloh, director of CedarsSinais ALS program said he had no explanation for the physicists longevity. Baloh said he has treated patients who lived for 10 years or more.“But 50 years is unusual，to say the least，”he said.Despite his diagnosis, Hawking has remained active. In 2007，he floated like an astronaut on an aircraft that creates weightlessness. Hawking had some valuable advice：Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Be curious.“However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物介绍。主要介绍了Stephen Hawking这个人。虽然患有“渐冻人”症，但是他对人生的态度是积极的，并且取得了很多成就。1Why did Hawking think human should continue to explore space?ABecause the earth became too weak to support us.BBecause human benefited by exploring the universe.CBecause many people suffered Lou Gehrigs disease.DBecause it is good for future generation to be weightless.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The 71yearold Hawking said he did not think humans would survive another 1，000 yearswithout escaping beyond our fragile planet”可知，他认为人类再过一千年如果不离开这个脆弱的星球就不会幸存下去。由此可推知，他认为人类应该继续探索宇宙是因为地球太脆弱了，不能供人类生存太久。【答案】A2What do we know about Hawking?AHis bookA Brief History of Mine was a best seller.BHis lectureA Brief History of Time is about his life.CHawking got Lou Gehrigs disease when he was in his twenties.DHawking has been in a depressed situation since he got the disease.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The 71yearold Hawking”以及第四段中的“Hawking was diagnosed(诊断)with Lou Gehrigs disease 50 year ago.”可知，他是在二十多岁时患上“渐冻人”症的。【答案】C3What does the underlined word “longevity” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AHis poor health.BHis long life.CHis mystery disease.DHis weakening muscle.【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Hawking has survived longer than most people with Lou Gehrigs disease”以及“But 50 years is unusual, to say the least”可知，“longevity”是指“长寿”。【答案】B4What do you think the authors attitude to Stephen Hawking?ASympathetic.BSupportive.CEnthusiastic.DRespectful.【解析】推理判断题。本文描述了Hawking虽然患有“渐冻人”症，但是他对人生的态度是积极的，并且取得了很多成就。所以作者对他应该持敬佩的态度。【答案】DB(2015陕西高考)When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally.The fouryearold dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and，being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.Then she ran along the edge of a cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken. Then，one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holden if he would like his dog back.A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm，a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious (失去知觉的) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry，” Steve Tregear said. “It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water，” he added.It was，as Mr. Holden admitted，“a minor miracle (奇迹)”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。一只叫Judy的狗在追赶一只绵羊时坠落悬崖，后来此处又遭遇了飓风。主人寻找未果，伤心欲绝。没想到过了几周后，一个观鸟者却发现了这只死里逃生的狗，真是奇迹！5The dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was Arescuing her ownerBcaught in a hurricaneCblocked by a rockDrunning after a sheep【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段中的The fouryearold dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and.Then she ran along the edge of a cliff and fell 100 feet.可知，小狗Judy是在追绵羊时坠落悬崖的。【答案】D6Who spotted Judy after the accident?AA birdwatcher.BA student from Leeds.CSix volunteers.DThe coastguard of Cornwall.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第五段中的A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.可知，后来Judy被一位观鸟者发现，故选A项。【答案】A7What can we infer from the text?APeople like to travel with their pets.BJudy was taken to the fields for hunting.CLuck plays a vital role in Judys survival.DHolden cared little where Judy was buried.【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后三段可知，Judy坠落悬崖后靠喝悬崖下的小溪水活了下来，或许她靠吃与她一同坠落悬崖的那只绵羊的尸体而没有饿死，这只狗能幸存下来是一个奇迹。由此我们可以推断出，运气对于Judy能幸存下来起了很重要的作用，故C项正确。文章未提及人们喜欢带宠物旅行，故A项错误；文章也未提及Judy是被带到田里打猎，故B项错误；由文章第二、三、四段可知，Judy坠落悬崖后，她的主人悲痛欲绝，而不是不大关心，故D项错误。【答案】C8Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AMiracle of the Coastguard.BSurviving a Hurricane.CDangers in the Wild.DComing Back from the Dead.【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一只叫Judy的狗在追赶一只绵羊时不幸坠落悬崖，但却死里逃生的故事，因此D项Coming Back from the Dead(死里逃生)最能概括本文大意。A项Miracle of the Coastguard(海岸警卫队的奇迹)、B项Surviving a Hurricane(在飓风中幸免于难)以及C项Dangers in the Wild(野外的危险)均不能表达文章大意。【答案】DC(2015全国卷)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。当你在家里吃饭的时候，有没有担心自己吃得越来越多，正在变胖？快来看看吧，家里的环境，包括窗户和灯的亮度、墙壁的颜色以及吃饭的速度等都可以影响你的饮食。也许你肥胖的罪魁祸首就在你的家里！9The text is especially helpful for those who care about Atheir home comfortsBtheir body shapeChouse buyingDhealthy diets【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首句Your house may have an effect on your figure.(你的房子可能会影响你的身材。)以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关心自己体形的人”会觉得本文特别有帮助，故选B项。A项“家的舒适条件”；C项“购买房子”；D项“健康饮食”。【答案】B10A home environment in blue can help people Adigest food betterBreduce food intakeCburn more caloriesDregain their appetites【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的.people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃33%的食物，故B项“减少食物摄入量”正确。A项“更好地消化食物”，C项“消耗更多的卡路里”，D项“重新获得食欲”，都与颜色无关。【答案】B11What are people advised to do at mealtimes?AEat quickly.BPlay fast music.CUse smaller spoons.DTurn down the lights.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.可知吃饭越快吃得越多，排除A项“吃饭速度快”。根据第四段中的If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.可知播放令人放松的音乐能让吃饭的速度减慢，排除B项“播放节奏快的音乐”。根据第二段首句Open the curtains and turn up the lights.可排除D项“把灯光调暗”。根据最后一段中的When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.(选择大的汤匙要比用较小的汤匙多吃14%的食物。)可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故C项正确。【答案】C12What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Making You Fat?BWays of Serving DinnerCEffects of SelfConsciousnessDIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做文章标题。B项“提供正餐的方式”，C项“自我意识的作用”，D项“你家的环境令人放松吗？”，均与本文的主题不符。【答案】AD(2016齐鲁名校教科研协作体调研)Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasolinepowered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zeroemissions (排放) vehicles”， but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机). Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words，those “zeroemissions” cars are likely coalburning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it, its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far, so electric cars burn more fuel than gasolinepowered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we dont use much of those energy sources.In addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When its a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.【语篇解读】很多人都认为电动汽车是非常环保的，加州人甚至普遍认为电动汽车是“零排放汽车”。事实确实如此吗？让我们从文章中寻找答案吧。13Whats the main idea of the passage?AElectric cars arent actually clean.BElectric cars are zeroemissions vehicles.CZeroemissions vehicles are popular.DGasolinepowered cars are more efficient.【解析】主旨大意题。文章的首段就点明了主题，即电动汽车并非清洁、无污染，因为电能的产生很多时候也要消耗大量的能源，造成十分严重的污染，故答案为A项。【答案】A14Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2?ABe familiar with.BBe curious about.CFail to understand.DShow their interest in.【解析】词义猜测题。联系第二段内容可知，加州人之所以认为电动汽车是零排放的环保车，主要是因为他们没有理解或者忽视了电是从哪儿来的这个事实。故选“fail to understand”表示“没有理解”。【答案】C15It can be inferred from the passage that Aelectric cars batteries are poisonous for a long timeBnow electric cars are used more than their gasolinepowered cousinsCzeroemissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentDelectric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句和第四段的第三句可知，获取电能如果是靠太阳能、地热或者风力等方式发电的话，电动汽车算是环保的，但是它们实际上现在主要还是靠烧煤、油等来发电，所以靠烧煤、油等发电的电动汽车并非真正意义上的环保车。【答案】D.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)(2016哈师大附中第一次高考模拟)Dont you just love ice skating every winter? I am sure that since winter is approaching，your skates are set to come out，just waiting to be used. Impress your friends with your new trick on how to iceskate backwards with the help of these tips. Stand straightThe first thing that you need to do is，stand straight. 16 ， if you feel that you are falling backwards. Dont worry; this happens to all.Confidence is what you needThe most important step while learning how to skate backwards，is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing. How can you achieve this? By practice. One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance，then scissor(做剪式运动)your skates. 17 Maintain speedTry sculling(滑)with one skate while rolling in a straight line with the other. 18 . Now bring the skate which you are using to scull, and then again，repeat the same process. Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling.Now，try the same thing using the other foot. 19 Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot，the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed. Try some of your own tricks now. Scull with either foot or with both at the same time.Scull and be awareWhile you keep one foot straight，keep sculling with the other. You can do that with both feet at the same time. 20 ，but dont get so involved that you dont see where you are going. If you are not watching your back，you might just bang against something or someone.AThat is, keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke(滑动)BWhile going backwards，just get used to the feeling of moving backwardsCKeep practicing this till you are confident about itDIncrease your speed nowEOne must be brave enough to learn to iceskate backwardsFConcentrate on what you are doingGJust put your chin up and slightly bend your knees【答案】1620GCADF.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)When I was young, my room always got cold at night in winter. Before I went to 21 ， I would close the windows tightly；then I would get into bed and fall asleep.As far back as I can 22 ， night after night, my dad would sneak(溜进)into my room after he was 23 that I was sleeping and open the 24 . You see, he always thought the 25 air was good for me. Well, sure enough, morning would come and I would 26 shivering(发抖)with all my windows open to let in the 27 wind. I would jump out from under the covers 28 the wood floor, out the back door into the warm morning sun and find my dad in the 29 working on his car. I would yell(吼)at him, blaming him, and he would just shrug(耸)his shoulders 30 and not say anything.Every night was the same.When I was eighteen and moved away from home to go to school, my dad 31 me move in. My first night in my room I was alone. I 32 with all the windows closed. It scared me. From that night on, I always kept them 33 . When it snowed, I watched the snow that I had never 34 before through the open window, though shivering I talked 35 to my father about the snow on the phone. I was not scared of getting cold but of closing windows. Because I thought what my father had told me: “As 36 as you keep your windows open, Abigail, I will always be able to reach you.” And he did. I 37 as if he would be just beside me if I kept the window open. I feel his 38 to me.So，of all the useful 39 my father taught me，it is the one thing I keep telling myself right now：“Just 40 your windows open，Abbe.”【语篇解读】作者小时候每次睡觉都要关窗，而她的父亲每次都会把窗户打开。她父亲说：“你睡觉时敞开窗户，我就会来到你身边。”21A.bedBbathroomCworkDtoilet【解析】根据下文“.then I would get into bed and fall asleep.”可知，作者每天上床睡觉之前，都要把窗户关紧。【答案】A22A.expectBbelieveClearnDremember【解析】根据上文“When I was young.”可知作者是在回忆以前的事情。【答案】D23A.sureBworriedCdelightedDafraid【解析】作者的父亲每晚都会在确定作者睡着之后溜进她的房间。【答案】A24A.doorBwindowsCgateDskylight【解析】根据上文“.I would close the windows tightly.”可知，作者的父亲会溜进她的房间打开窗户。【答案】B25A.freeBnightCfreshDpeaceful【解析】他认为新鲜的空气对作者有好处。【答案】C26A.come outBwake upCget awayDstay on【解析】早上作者会发抖着醒来。【答案】B27A.cleanBgentleCcoolDcold【解析】根据上文“.shivering(发抖)with all my windows open.”可知，窗户是开着的，早上的冷风会进入房间，所以作者才会发抖。【答案】D28A.acrossBoverCunderDinto【解析】作者从被窝里跳起来，穿过木地板找到父亲。【答案】A29A.garageByardCfarmhouseDstudy【解析】根据下文“.working on his car.”可知，作者的父亲在车库里面。【答案】A30A.unwillinglyBhelplesslyCslowlyDnaturally【解析】作者的父亲只是很自然地耸耸肩，什么也不说。【答案】D31A.sawBhelpedCletDhad【解析】作者的父亲帮助她搬进学校的宿舍。【答案】B32A.satBstudiedCsleptDcried【解析】根据上文内容可知，作者每晚睡觉都要关窗户。【答案】C33A.closedBopenCproperDloose【解析】根据上文“It scared me.”可知，独自一人关着窗户睡觉让作者感到害怕，所以从那天晚上开始她就开着窗户。【答案】B34A.imaginedBenjoyedCtouchedDseen【解析】作者以前从未透过开着的窗户看雪。【答案】D35A.carefullyBsuddenlyCexcitedlyDconstantly【解析】根据上文“When it snowed，I watched the snow that I had never. before through the open window”可知，作者从未用这种方式看雪，所以很兴奋。【答案】C36A.longBsoonCfarDmuch【解析】作者的父亲说：“只要你开着窗，我就能来到你身旁。”【答案】A37A.lookBknowCfeelDhope【解析】当“我”开着窗的时候，“我”感觉你就在“我”身边。【答案】C38A.inspirationBloveCsatisfactionDmind【解析】“我”感受到他对“我”的爱。【答案】B39A.methodsBlessonsCskillsDthings【解析】根据下文“.it is the one thing I keep telling.”可知，在所有他教“我”的事情中。有一件“我”现在一直在告诫自己。【答案】D40A.keepBletCpushDmake【解析】根据上文“.keep your windows open.”可知，“我”现在一直告诉自己要保持窗户是敞开的。【答案】A.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2016西北工业大学附中高二期中)Peter：George, I heard you had been to San Francisco. How many days did you stay there?George：Three days. To tell you the truth. San Francisco is a place worth 41. (visit)Peter：What did you do on your first day?George：On the first day, when I arrived, I went 42. (straight) to hotel to drop my 43. (luggage), shower and shave.The I began 44. (explore)I first rode on a cable car then I had a late lunch at Fishmans Wharf.Peter：Sounds great. What did you do next day?George：I teamed 45. with a couple and hired a car to drive around the city. We had a 79 km roundtrip that takes 46. all the tourist spots. In order to admire the view of the city, we stopped many times. Finally, we had a really good idea of what the city 47. (like)Peter：Did you visit Chinatown? What things can visitors do in Chinatown?George：Of course. Because there are a great 48. temples, markets and restaurants in Chinatown, visitors can eat in Chinese restaurants, go to ma
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