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八、动词与动词时态【考纲分析】1. 中考考纲 : (1) 动词的基本形式 (2) 系动词 （3）及物动词和不及物动词 （4）助动词 （5）情态动词 （6）时态 （一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去进行时，现在完成时）2. 近5年中考动词的考点及分值分布年份题型分值考查内容2012年单项选择4情态动词: cant；mustnt ; 动词短语: turn up 时态：过去进行时，现在完成时完形填空3动词及短语： buy; think about; take away短文填空3动词：know , hand (上交)2013年单项选择4情态动词:cant ; 动词短语:look over;时态：现在进行时，现在完成时完形填空4动词及短语： share; accept; come up with; take away短文填空3动词：save ; watching / seen2014年单项选择5情态动词:can; 动词短语:keep in touch with;时态：过去进行时，系动词；现在完成时完形填空3动词及短语： control; took out; kept on短文填空3动词：make ; arrived2015年单项选择5情态动词:must; 动词短语:depend on;时态：系动词；现在进行时，现在完成时完形填空4动词及短语： avoid；lead to ; throw away ;cheer up 短文填空4.5动词：take; worry; happen2016年单项选择4情态动词:may ; 动词短语: set off时态：一般将来时，现在完成时完形填空3动词及短语： look down upon; give up ; spread 短文填空4.5动词：show / express; follow; spend【自主学习】一、写出下列动词的四种形式(第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词)go do work leave play stop sit carry buy spend 二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.He(go) swimming in the river every day in summer.2.When his mother usually (get) up every day？ 3.Look， the children(play) basketball on the playground.4.He(listen)to the radio when I came in.5.Look at the cloud. I think it (rain).6. He(sit)down and began to read his newspaper.7. We(be)good friends since we met at school.8. He said that he(come)back in five minutes.9. He (play) computer games when I got there.10.“Whenyou(buy)the car？”“In 1998.”参考答案一、gogoesgoingwentgone； dodoesdoingdiddone；workworksworkingworkedworked； leaveleavesleavingleftleft；playplaysplayingplayedplayed； stopstopsstoppingstoppedstopped；sitsitssittingsatsat； carrycarriescarryingcarriedcarried；buybuysbuyingboughtbought； spendspendsspendingspentspent二、1.goes2.does， get3.are playing4.was listening5.will rain/is going to rain6. .sat 7. have been 8.would come 9.was playing 10.did， buy【教师点拨】考点1 常考动词短语1. care for/about 喜欢，照顾(病人)2. catch up with 赶上；追上3. cheer up 使振奋；使高兴起来4. close to 靠近5. come on 加油；快点6. come out 出来，出版，长出7. come true 实现；达到8. come up with 提出；想出9. fall asleep = go to sleep 入睡10. find out 寻找；查找11. finish doing 做完某事12. fix up 修理13. get along/on with与相处14. get back 回来15. get off 下车16. get on 上车17. get ready for 为准备18. get up 起来19. give away 赠送20. give in 屈服，让步21. give out 发出 (气味、热等)；分发22. give up 放弃； 抛弃23. hand in 上交，交纳24. hand out 分发； 发放25. hear about/of 听说26. hear from sb. 收到的来信27. help oneself to sth. 请随便吃点28. look through 浏览29. look up 查找30. look over (医生) 检查31. make friends with与交友32. make mistakes 犯错；出错33. make progress 取得进步34. make up ones mind to do 下决心35. mix up 混淆，搅匀36. sb. pay for 付款37. pick up 捡起，开车去接38. put away 整理，收起来39. put on 穿上40. put out 熄灭41. put up 张贴、公布42. put off 推迟43. ring up 打电话给44. run after 追，追赶45. run away 逃跑，失控46. run out (of) = use up 用完，耗尽47. try on 试穿48. set up 建立，创立，开办49. stay up 不去睡，熬夜50. turn down / up / on /off 调小/调大/打开/关掉【课堂检测】（ ）1.A father in the UK has _a wonderful ideas to send his kids to school on time. He takes his sons to their school in a white tank(坦克) A. looked up to B. made up C. come up withD. shown up（ ）2. The drivers have to the traffic rules and control themselves if they want to be safe on the road. A. follow B. break C. make D. against（ ）3. In our daily life, we must learn to ourselves well at any time. Its as important as studying. A. deal with B. worry about C. look after D. look like（ ）4. Could you _ the computer for me, dear? I want to check my e-mails. Certainly, Ill do it right away. A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off D. turn up（ ）5. These problems are too hard to . Will you give me some advice? There are many ways. The most important is to have a careful plan. A. hand outB. work outC. look outD. break out【中考回放】（ ）1. Murder and Susan _for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday. （2016广东省考）A. put offB. fell off C. set off D. kept off（ ）2. Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? It _ the weather.（2015广东省考）A. carries on B. lives on C. depends on D. holds on （ ）3. I will miss my family when I go abroad for further study this autumn. Dont worry. You can _them by e-mail. （2014广东省考） A. come up with B. get along with C. make friends with D. keep in touch with（ ）4. Again and again the doctor_ the crying baby girl, but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her. （2013广东省考）A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out（ ）5. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you _ the TV a bit, please? I cant hear it clearly. （2012广东省考）A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down【真题演练】( )1. Wearing white can help people _when they feel stressed. （2016宿迁）A. calm down B. write down C. break down D. turn down( )2. When spring comes, trees begin to _ green. （2016重庆）A. sound B. taste C. keepD. turn( )3. Are you going to have a part -time job during the summer vacation? Yes. I think I shouldnt always _ my parents since Ive grown up. (2016襄阳) A. fight against B. argue with C. hear from D. depend on( )4. The American warships(军舰) have appeared near South China Sea Islands again. We must let the Americans know clearly that the islands _ China. (2016襄阳) A. come from B. belong to C. care about D. believe in( )5. Im so tired after the long journey that I want to go to bed at once.Youd better _ first and then have a rest. (2016襄阳)A. take a walk B. take a message C. take a break D. take a shower( )6. Oh, my god. I _ 2 kg. this month. (2016襄阳)Dont worry. Its normal for a growing teenage girl.A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put down( )7. Look! Whats on the ground ? Oh, its my sweater. Please _ for me.(2016龙东) A. pick up it B. pick it up C. pick it out D. put it off ( )8. Its cold outside, Sandy. Youd better _ your coat to keep warm. (2016淮安)A. put up B. put out C. put on D. put away( )9. Huang Xiaoming and Angelababy_ over 10,000,000 yuan to help the poor in (2016济宁)A. gave up B. gave off C. gave out D. gave away ( )10. A true friend will never _ from you when youre in trouble. （2016重庆） A. take awayB. run awayC. put offD. get off ( )11. A fire happened at around 3 a. m. local time when people were celebrating with fireworks. Luckily it was _ quickly.Im sorry to hear it. （2016连云港） A. put out B. ran out C. went out D. gave out( )12. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to _ my grandparents at home. (2016绵阳)A. look forB. look atC. look up D. look after( )13. Can you help me those exercise books? I got a different number each time. (2016南京)A. carryB. moveC. writeD. count( )14. It took me almost a whole day to so many emails. (2016南京)A.deal withB. cut inC. cheer forD. run out( )15Our country is taking action to _ air pollution. *X(2016青岛)A. cut down B. cut up C. cut out D. cut off( )16. Please _ the water when you brush your teeth. (2016西宁)A. turn down B. turn off C. turn on D. turn up( )17. How do you like this speech?I like it very much and it can _ me _ to achieve my dream. (2016西宁)A. cheer; up B. connect; with C. let; down D. take; up( )18. Many teenagers _ the old and they often offer their seats to them on buses. (2016孝感)A. depend onB. care for C. laugh atD. listen to( )19. Dont any more time, or he will miss the meeting. (2016天津) A. save B. trust C. wasteD. love( )20. Peter will you the building and you can meet everyone. (2016天津)A. lend; to B. show; aroundC. compare; withD. brush; off( )21. As the story _, the secret of the castle is discovered little by little. (2016无锡) A. ends B. beginsC. developsD. happens( )22. If you always yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.I agree. We should believe in ourselves. （2016宜昌）A. compare B. communicate C. create D. consider( )23. Would you like to try some pizza?Yes, please. It lovely and nice. (2016天津)A. sounds; seesB. hears; turns C. looks; smellsD. sounds; watches( )24. Come home before dinner time, Peter! I _, Mom. (2016武汉) A. promise B. guess C. wish D. think ( )25.Why did she _your invitation? Because she had an important meeting to attend that day. (2016武汉) A. turn down B. put away C. look up D. hand in考点2 动词的分类【教师点拨】(1 实义动词 又称为行为动词，表示事物的动作和状态，在句中能独立作谓语。它又分为及物动词和 不及物动词。及物动词后面可跟宾语，如：like， see， watch， bring等。不及物动词 后面不能直接接宾语，如：happen， run， stand等。 如：I like English. I am reading an interesting book. He is running.The story happened on a rainy night.(2) 连系动词 又称为系动词，不能直接作谓语。常考的系动词有：be， become， get， turn， look， smell， sound， taste， feel， keep， seem， grow 等。注意：系动词不能有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。如：He looked very excited. The fish smelt delicious.(3) 助动词 没有实际意义，只能和实义动词一起连用，在句中帮助提问和否定以及构成相应的时态 和语态。常用的助动词有：be， do， will， have 等。如：How do you go to school？ He has lived here for three years.(4) 情态动词表示讲话人的态度、请求、愿望、可能等。本身具有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面必须跟动词原形。常用的情态动词有：may， can， must， should， need， have to 等。常用情态动词一览表原形过去式词义例句should/ 应该 We should study hard.maymight 可以，允许May I smoke here？Yes， you may. / No， you mustnt / cant . 可能 (用于肯定句)Jim didnt come to school. He may be ill. 表祝愿 May you be happy.cancould 许可表示许可时 mayYou can sit here. 表示能力时 be able to Can you dance？ Yes， I can. / No， I cant. 可能 (用于否定句和疑问句 )The man cant be Mr. Zhang. He has gone to Beijing.Must / 必须（强调主观看法）Must we finish the work at once？Yes， you must. / No， you neednt. / No， you dont have to. 一定 (用于肯定句)The French book must be Jims. Only he is learning French now. mustnt 表示禁止，不允许We mustnt play ball games in the street.have to had to 不得不（强调客观需要 ）I have to leave now. Its too late.need 做情态动词时，后接动词原形，否定形式：neednt (不必)。Today we neednt go to school because it is raining too heavily. 做实义动词时，后接 to do 或名词。I neednt buy the book I dont need to buy the book. need doing 表被动。The trees need watering. (树需要被浇水) = The trees need to be watered.【课堂检测】（ ）1. Jack, _ you ride a bike? Yes, I can. A. can B. may C. need D. must （ ）2. Reading a large number of books make us wiser. The more we read, the more we know. A. can B. would Cneed D. must（ ）3. Do you have any plans for this Sunday? Im not sure. I _ go to the countryside to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may D. need（ ）4. Doctor Wang, Im feeling much better. Must I go on taking the medicine?No, you _. Youll get well soon. A. cant B.mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt （ ）5. As the saying goes，the moon_ always be full . A. cant B. shouldnt C mustnt D. neednt【中考回放】（ ）1. Mom, _ I visit the art museum next Monday? （2016广东省卷） Im afraid you cant. All museums in the city are closed on Monday. A. would B. need C. should D. may（ ）2.Look! The traffic light has turned red. We _ stop our car. （2015广东省卷）A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt （ ）3. _ you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening？Id love to， but I have to study for my math test. (2014广东省卷)A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can（ ）4. Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann? (2013广东省卷) It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now. A. may B. must C. cant D. mustnt（ ）5. _ I swim here？ (2012广东省卷)Im sorry. Children _ swim alone here. A. Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. cant; can【真题演练】( )1. I still havent found my pet dog. Im sorry to hear that. You_ be very sad. (2016武汉) A. can B. should C. must D. will( )2. Do you think that Kobe will be elected(当选) as the MVP this year?It _ him. He has retired(退役) since April 13. (2016咸宁)A. cant be B. mustnt be C. must be D. can be( )3. I cant go with you. I _stay at home until my parents come back. （2016宿迁）A. can B. may C. must D. could( )4. Must we finish the work today? _. We have something else to do tomorrow. （2016重庆） A. Yes, we can B. No, we cant C. Yes, we must D. No, we neednt( )5. Look! Why are there so many people?There are some policemen. I think there _ a traffic accident. (2016西宁)A. must have B. can have C. is going to be D. must be（ ）6. Must I finish my homework now? No, you_. You can go home now. (2014深圳)A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant（ ）7. You can do lots of things in a science museum, but you obey the rules. (2014佛山) A. can B. may C. have to D. cant( )8. You take me to the station. My brothers taking me. （2016江西）A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. dont have to( )9. Shall we take a car?No, we _. Its only five minutes walk. （2016连云港）A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. couldnt( )10. Is Mr Brown driving here? Im not sure. He _ come by train. (2016绵阳)A. mayB. shallC. needD. must( )11The girl in the classroom _ be Sarah. She has gone to the library. (2016青岛)A. mayB. must C. cantD. neednt( )12.A good friend is someone you _ share your pleasure and pain with（2016上海） Ashould Bneed Ccan Dmust( )13. What does Justin Biebers song Never Say Never impress you most ? It tells us that we do almost anything if we never give up . (2016苏州)A. can B. have to C. should D. need( )14. Mum, I play football this afternoon?Sure, but you finish your homework first. (2016天津)A. may; couldB. can; mustC. can; mustntD. may; cant( )15. Weve got everything ready for the picnic. Do you mean I _ bring anything with me? (2016无锡) A. cant B. mustntC. couldntD. neednt考点3 动词的时态【教师点拨】(1) 一般现在时用法表示习惯性或经常性发生的动作或状态，也可表示普遍真理和自然规律。标志词often， usually， sometimes， always，seldom , every day， twice a week， how often肯定式 主 动词原形 主 动词 (-s / -es)（主语是第三人称单数） 主 am / is / are 表语 They often ride a bike to school. He usually walks to school. Im a boy.否定式 主 dont 动词原形 主 doesnt 动词原形（主语是第三人称单数） 主am not / isnt / arent表语 They dont often ride a bike to school. He doesnt usually walk to school. He is not a student.疑问式 Do 主 动词原形？ Does 主 动词原形？ （主语是第三人称单数） Am / Is / Are 主 表语？ Do they often ride a bike to school？ Does he usually walk to school？ Are you free？【课堂检测】()1. Mom is cooking dinner. It so nice. A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds()2. - What does Miss Black do at weekends?- She with some students often _ in the playground.A. is running B. are running C. run D. runs()3. Tom _ fishing, but he doesnt like eating fish.A. like B. enjoy C. enjoys D. likes to()4. Jims brother_ five basketballs.A. have B. has C. is D. are()5. The teacher always_ us not to play with fire.A. tell B. told C. is telling D. tells (2)一般过去时用法表示过去习惯性或经常性发生的动作或状态。标志词yesterday， last week， ago， just now， in 过去的年份，the other day, this morning肯定式 主 动词过去式 (-ed) 主 was / were 表语 We saw a film last night. She was a little girl 3 yeas ago.否定式 主 didnt 动词原形 主 wasnt / werent表语 We didnt see a film last night. I wasnt at school yesterday.疑问式 Did 主 动词原形？ Was / Were 主 表语？ Did you see a film last night？ Were you OK？【课堂检测】()1. As we all know， the Silk Road China to the west in ancient times. A. connectsB. connectedC. will connectD. is connecting()2. After Steven sent some e-mails，he surfing the Internet.A. starts B. has started C. will start D. started()3.Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and my bowls and dishes.He should be careful next time.A. knocked off B. took off C. showed off D. turned off()4. When _ you _ here? Two days ago. A.did; come B. have; come C. will; come D. do; come()5. Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge?Yes. She _ it two years ago.A. visitsB. visitedC. has visited D. was visiting来(3)一般将来时用法表示将要发生的动作或状态。标志词tomorrow， from now on， next year， this evening， tonight， in the future， soon， in一段时间， how soon第一种will / shall 动词原形 (shall一般用于第一人称的疑问句，表建议)Shall we go to the movies ? Good idea !肯定式主 will / shall 动词原形I will help you.否定式主 wont 动词原形She wont come.疑问式Will 主 动词原形？Will you help us？第二种be going to 动词原形(强调计划或打算要做的事)We are going to have an English party this Saturday.注意： 短暂性动词的现在进行时表将来。常用词有come， go， arrive， leave 等。如：The bus is coming. He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 在when， until， if， as soon as， before， after， unless 等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时表将来。如：I will come to see you if I have time this Sunday.You wont pass the exam unless you study harder.【课堂检测】（ ）1. There a great concert in the theater next Saturday evening. A. will be B. will have C. has D. is going to have（ ）2.Which singer do you think _ the Voice of China?Im not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come.A. won B. has won C. will win D. Wins（ ）3. Have you watched the new movie Jurassic World ,Steven? Not yet. I _ it with my cousin this evening.A. will watch B. was watching C. watched D. have watched（ ）4.Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds. Im afraid it _. A. rains B. is going to rain C. rained D. was raining（ ）5. Stop smoking, Joe! You _ yourself if you keep on doing it like that! A. will kill B. have killedC. kill D. killed (4) 现在进行时用法表示现在正在进行或发生的动作和状态。标志词now， look， listen， at eight， at the moment， be quiet，keep silent , all the time , these da
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